考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.填空題

A:Didyouhaveaniceholiday?

B:No,Itwas（1）!Itrainedalmosteverydayandwe（2）hardlyeatthe

foodatthehotel.

A:I’m（3）tohearthat.Betterlucknexttime!

【答案】1.awful

2.could

3.sorry

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。Awful糟糕的,可怕的。

2.語(yǔ)法題。此句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞eat,因此此處填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could比較合適。

3.常用語(yǔ)。I’msorrytohearthat很遺憾聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息。

2.單選題

“Veryfewpeopleliketotalkabouthowmuchmoneytheymake—especiallypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,”wroteSalmoninhispostWhySalariesShouldn’tBeSecret,inthewakeofnewsthatrecently—departedNewYorkTimeseditorJillAbramsonhadstartedaskingquestionsaboutthepaydiscrepancybetweenherandherpredecessor.“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.”

Thereareseveralsurprisingreasons.“Secrecysurroundingpayisgenerallyabadideaforanyorganizations,”Salmonwrote.“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen,”Salmonwrote.“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.”

“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”

“Ifyouworkforacompanywhereeverybodyknowswhateverybodyelseisearning,thenit’sgoingtobeveryeasytoseewhat’sgoingon.You’llseewhothestarsare,you’llseewhatkindofskillsandtalentthecompanyrewards,”hewrote.“You’llalsoseewhethermengetpaidmorethanwomen,whethermanagersaregenerallyoverpaid,andwhetherbehaviorlikethreateningtoquitisrewardedwithbigraises.What’smore,becausemanagementknowsthateverybodyelsewillseesuchthings,they’llbemuchlesslikelytodothekindofsecretdealswhicharealltoocommoninmostcompaniestoday.”

1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.WhatisapossiblereasonwhymenusuallyearnmorethanwomenaccordingtoSalmon?

3.Theitalicizedphrase“playfavoriteswith”mostlikelymeansto______.

4.Anotherbigproblemsecrecyaboutpaymightcauseis______.

5.WhatdoesSalmonsuggestmighthappenifthereisnosecrecyinpay?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Salmonisthefirstwriterwhoputforwardthequestionofpaydiscrepancy.

B.JillAbramsonleftNewYorkTimeswhensheknewthatdifferenceinpay.

C.Managersseldomtalkabouttheirpaybecauseitisatraditionnotto.

D.JillAbramsondidn’tgetthesamepaywithsomeonewhodidthesamejob.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Menaremorelikelytogetthetrustoftheirboss.

B.Managerstendtothinkmenaremorecapablethanwomen.

C.Menexpectmorepressureonthebossforpayraisethanwomen.

D.Menaremorelikelytomakesecretdealwiththemanageraboutpay.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.makesecretdealswith

B.treatdifferently

C.showprejudiceagainst

D.cheat

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.employees’lackoffullcommitment

B.lowproductivity

C.unhappyemployees

D.frequentconfrontations

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Managerswillearnlessthantheydotoday.

B.Employeeswillbemoreskilledthantoday.

C.Itwillbeclearwhotheboss’sfavoriteis.

D.Thecompanywillbecomeafairerplacethantoday.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Sincecompaniestendtoberunbypeoplewhoearnalotofmoney,theresultisacultureofsilenceandsecrecywhenitcomestopay.（由于公司往往是由賺大錢(qián)的人經(jīng)營(yíng)的，其結(jié)果是在薪酬方面形成了一種沉默和保密的文化。）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理們很少談?wù)撍麄兊男匠?，因?yàn)檫@是一種傳統(tǒng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“薩爾蒙是第一個(gè)提出工資差距問(wèn)題的作家”文中沒(méi)有說(shuō)到；B選項(xiàng)“吉爾?艾布拉姆森知道工資的差別后離開(kāi)了《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》”文章也沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)到這二者有因果關(guān)系；D選項(xiàng)“吉爾?艾布拉姆森沒(méi)有和做同樣工作的人得到同樣的報(bào)酬”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文中只提到吉爾?艾布拉姆森質(zhì)疑她和自己前輩的工資差異，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)到他們是否是做的同樣的工作，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Foronething,secrecyaboutpayisbadforwomen,whoareworseataskingforraisesthanmenare.Ifmensecretlyaskforraisesandsecretlygetthen,whilewomendon’t,thenthathelpstoexplain,atleastinpart,whymenendupearningmorethanwomen.（一方面，工資保密對(duì)女性不利，因?yàn)榕员饶行愿簧朴谝蠹有?。如果男人偷偷地要求加薪，然后偷偷地得到加薪，而女人卻沒(méi)有，那么這就有助于解釋，至少在一定程度上，為什么男人最終會(huì)比女人掙得多。）”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“男人更容易和經(jīng)理就工資問(wèn)題做秘密交易”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男人更容易得到老板的信任”；B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理們傾向于認(rèn)為男人比女人更有能力”以及C選項(xiàng)“男性施加給經(jīng)理的加薪壓力比女性更大”文章都沒(méi)有提及，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Secrecyaroundpayisalsoagreatwaytoallowmanagersto—consciouslyorunconsciously—playfavoriteswiththeirstaff.（關(guān)于薪酬的保密也是一個(gè)很好的方法，可以讓管理者有意識(shí)或無(wú)意識(shí)地與員工達(dá)成某種協(xié)議）”以及前文可知A選項(xiàng)“與……做秘密交易”與playfavoritewith意思更接近。B選項(xiàng)“區(qū)別對(duì)待”；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)……有偏見(jiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)“欺騙”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“We’veallworkedincompanies,I’msure,wheretheonlywaytogetasubstantialraiseistoconfrontmanagementwithajobofferfromsomewhereelse,”headded.“That’sclearlyadreadfulwaytorunacompany,sinceitgivesallemployeesahugeincentivetospendalotoftimelookingforworkelsewhere,evenifthey’rehappywheretheyare.”（我敢肯定，我們都在一些公司工作過(guò)，要想獲得大幅加薪，唯一的辦法就是讓管理層面對(duì)來(lái)自其他地方的工作邀請(qǐng)。這顯然是一種可怕的管理公司的方式，因?yàn)檫@給了所有員工巨大的動(dòng)力，讓他們花大量時(shí)間在別處找工作，即使他們?cè)谀抢锖荛_(kāi)心。）”，由此可知薪酬保密導(dǎo)致如果員工想加薪就只有不停地去別處找工作，從而導(dǎo)致員工的心情變差，影響工作效率，C選項(xiàng)“不開(kāi)心的員工”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“員工缺乏充分的承諾”；B選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)率低”以及D選項(xiàng)“頻繁的對(duì)抗”文章都沒(méi)有提及，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“You’llseewhothestarsare,you’llseewhatkindofskillsandtalentthecompanyrewards,”hewrote.“You’llalsoseewhethermengetpaidmorethanwomen,whethermanagersaregenerallyoverpaid,andwhetherbehaviorlikethreateningtoquitisrewardedwithbigraises.What’smore,becausemanagementknowsthateverybodyelsewillseesuchthings,they’llbemuchlesslikelytodothekindofsecretdealswhicharealltoocommoninmostcompaniestoday.”（你會(huì)看到最受老板青睞的是誰(shuí)，你會(huì)看到公司獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的是什么樣的技能和才能。你還將看到，男性的薪酬是否高于女性，管理人員的薪酬是否普遍過(guò)高，以及威脅辭職等行為是否會(huì)得到大幅加薪的回報(bào)。更重要的是，因?yàn)楣芾韺又榔渌硕紩?huì)看到這樣的事情，所以他們不太可能做今天大多數(shù)公司都太常見(jiàn)的秘密交易。）”，由此可知如果薪酬不保密，公司內(nèi)部的各種規(guī)則會(huì)更透明化，工資制度相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)更公平，D選項(xiàng)“公司將變得比今天更公平”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理們的收入將比現(xiàn)在少”和B選項(xiàng)“員工們的技能會(huì)比今天更高”文章中并沒(méi)有直接體現(xiàn)；C選項(xiàng)“老板最喜歡誰(shuí)將一目了然”雖然文章有提到，但是不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Nearlyalltreescontainsamixofpolymersthatcanburnlikepetroleum______properlyextracted.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.if

C.whenit

D.is

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：幾乎所有的樹(shù)木都含有一種聚合物，如果提取得當(dāng)，這種聚合物可以像石油一樣燃燒。Nearlyalltreescontainsamixofpolymers是主句，thatcanburnlikepetroleum是修飾polymers的定語(yǔ)從句，橫線到句子結(jié)尾是修飾burnlikepetroleum的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；條件狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了主語(yǔ)polymers，所以B選項(xiàng)if符合題意。A選項(xiàng)after后面用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，后面的extracted是過(guò)去分詞形式，不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Inviewoftheextenuatingcircumstancesandthedefendant’syouth,thejudgerecommended______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conviction

B.adefense

C.amistrial

D.leniency

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.conviction判罪；定罪B.adefense一個(gè)辯護(hù)

C.amistrial一個(gè)無(wú)效審判D.leniency仁慈，寬大

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前半句句意“考慮到情有可原的情況以及被告的年齡”可推斷，thejudgerecommended______表示的是“法官建議寬大處理”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C項(xiàng)不符合句意；

B項(xiàng)是指在法庭上辯護(hù)來(lái)證明一個(gè)人沒(méi)有犯罪，明顯不符合前半句句意。

【句意】考慮到情有可原的情況以及被告的年齡，法官建議寬大處理。

5.單選題

Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir（）powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cumulative

B.destructive

C.turbulent

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。cumulative積累的；destructive破壞性的，毀滅性的；turbulent騷亂的，混亂的；prevalent普遍的。句意：颶風(fēng)是具有殺傷力的風(fēng)，其（）力量在于其能夠造成的物質(zhì)損壞。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Thejunglefrightenedthetravelersbecauseitseemed（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abismal

B.abbysmal

C.abyzmal

D.abysmal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A，B以及C選項(xiàng)不是正確的英文單詞；D選項(xiàng)abysmal“深不可測(cè)的”。句意：這個(gè)叢林使旅行者驚恐萬(wàn)分，因?yàn)樗坪跏巧畈豢蓽y(cè)的。根據(jù)句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.填空題

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.

Caringforelderlyparentscatchesmanyunprepared[A]LastJuly,JulieBaldocchi’smotherhadamassivestrokeandwasparalyzed.Baldocchisuddenlyhadtobecomeafamilycaregiver,somethingthatshewasn’tpreparedfor.“Iwasflyingbytheseatofmypants,”saysBaldocchi,anemploymentspecialistinSanFrancisco.Bothofherparentsare83,andsheknewherfathercouldn’thandlehermother’scare.Thehospitalrecommendedputtinghermotherinanursinghome.Baldocchiwasn’twillingtodothat.Butmovingherbackintoherparents’homecreatedotherproblems.Baldocchi,48,ismarriedandlivesaboutamileawayfromherparents.Shehasafull-timejobandhasbackproblemsthatmakeitdifficultforhertolifthermother.“Icouldn’tdoitall,”shesays.ButIdidn’tevenknowhowtofindhelp.”

[B]WithhelpfromthefamilyCaregiverAlliance,sheeventuallyhiredalive-incaregiver.“Butevenifyouplanintellectuallyandlegally,you’reneverreadyfortheemotionalimpact,”Baldocchisays.Inthefirsttwomonthsafterhermother’sstroke,shelostabout30poundsasstressmounted.Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,accordingtoa2009surveybytheAARP.Anadditional61.6millionprovidedatleastsomecareduringtheyear.Andmanyareunprepared.

[C]Whilemanyparentslackanadvancecaredirective,it’sthemostbasicandimportantsteptheycantake.Thedirectiveincludesseveralparts,including:adurablepowerofattorney,whichgivessomeonelegalauthoritytomakefinancialdecisionsonanother’sbehalf;ahealthcareproxy,whichissimilartothepowerofattorney,exceptitallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment;andalivingwillthatoutlinesinstructionsforend-of-lifecare.(Forexample,parentscansayiftheywanttobekeptalivebyartificialmeasures.)“It’sinvaluableforthekids,becauseit’shardtomakethosedecisionsforaparent,”saysJenniferCona,anelder-lawattorneyatGenserDubowGenser&ConainMelville,N.Y.Anadvancecaredirectiveisthefirstlineofdefenseifasituationarises,saysKathleenKelly,executivedirectoroftheFamilyCaregiverAlliance,whichsupportsandeducatescaregivers.Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian,saysAgingC.

[D]It’simportantforfamiliestotalkaboutlong-termcaresotheadultchildrenknowtheirparents’preferences,wishesangoals,saysLynnFeinberg,acaregivingexpertatAARP.Butit’snotaneasyconversation.Elderlyparentsaresometimessuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives,saysSusanJohn,afinancialplanneratFinancialFocusinWolfeboro,N.H.OneclientaskedJohntoholdafamilymeetingbecausetheyneededanintermediarytotalkaboutfinancialissues,shesays.Andwhentherearemanysiblings,thefamilydecisionscanbecomeathree-ringcircuswithmuchacrimony,saysAnn-MargaretCarrozza,anelder-lawattorneyinGlenCove,N.Y.Familieswhoneedinformationandhelpsortingoutdisagreementscancallonelder-lawattorneys,financialplanners,geriatriccaremanagersandcaregiversupportgroups.InFebruary,AARPsaiditwillofferitsmembersanewcaregivingsupportservicethroughfinancialservicesfirmGenworth.

[E]Manyfamiliesareunpreparedforquickdecisions,especiallywhentheyfindoutthatMedicaredoesn’tpayforlong-termcare,Feinbergsays.Themediancostofayearinaprivateroomatanursinghomein2011was$77,745,accordingtoGenworth.AndonlythosewhohavespentmostoftheirassetscanqualifyforMedicaidtopayforthenursinghome.

[F]Assistedlivingisanotheroption.Residentscanhavetheirownapartmenttomaintainsomeindependence.Butthefacilitiesgenerallyprovidepersonalcareservices,suchasmeals,housekeepingandassistancewithactivities.Still,it’snotcheap:Thenationalmediancostin2011was$39,135,accordingtoGenworth.Assistedlivingisn’tcoveredbyMedicaid.

[G]Iftheyhaveachoice,atleast90%ofelderlyparentsprefertostayathomeaslongastheycan,accordingtoAARPresearch.Butiftheparentscannolongersafelyliveathome,itcanbehardforchildrentomovethemintoanadultcarefacility.Theremaybeanotheroption.Sometimesthehomecanbemodifiedsoaparentcanstaythere.Forexample,Baldocchiputinachairliftforhermother.Shealsoarrangedforahomecaregiver.

[H]Familycaregiverstakeovermanyresponsibilities.Onemightmanageaparent’sfinances,whileanothersiblingwilltaketheparenttodoctors’appointmentsandshopping.Thosewhomoveinwithaparenttakeonasignificantandsustainedburdenofcare.JanWalkermovedintohermother’shomeinLeesburg,Fla.Afterhermother,whois83,hadfallen,shewasn’tabletogetaroundaswell.Walker,55,hasthreebrothers.Butsheistheonlydaughter,isdivorcedandhasnochildren.“IalwaysknewthatthiswastherolethatIwouldhave,andIguessmymindwaspreparedforit,”saysWalker,whonowisafull-timecaregiverandworksfromhomeasatutorialinstructorforadigitalscrapbookingwebsite.“Whenyougetintothetrenches,it’sliterallybaptismbyfire,”shesays.“Newthingscomeup.It’snotjustaboutadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare.It’severything,”shesays.

[I]Caregiversneedtoalsowatchtheirownhealth.“Thereissuchathingascaregiverburnout,”Conasays.Amongfemalecaregivers50andolder,20%reportedsymptomsofdepression,accordingtoa2010studyonworkingcaregiversbyMetLife.“It’sahardjob.”Walkersays.“Butmostworthwhilethingsarehard.ShewasalwaysthereformewhenIneededahelpinghand.It’sonlynaturalthatIbehereforhernow.

11.Whenelderlyparentscannotliveathomesafely,theirchildrencanchangetheirhomeinsteadofsendingthemtoanadultcarefacility.

12.Totalkaboutlong-termcareisnoteasybecausesometimesagedparentsaresuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives.

13.Besidesadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare,familycaregiverstakeovermanyotherresponsibilities.

14.Thedifferencebetweenadurablepowerofattorneyandahealthcareproxyisthatthelatterallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment.

15.Baldocchididnotwanttosendhermothertoanursinghome,butshehaddifficultytakingcareofher.

16.Over42millioncaregivershelpedanadultwitheverydayactivitiesintheUSAin2009.

17.Ifafamilyneedsinformationorhelptosortoutdisagreements,therearemanypeopletheycancallon.

18.Caregiversshouldpayattentiontotheirownhealth,ortheymaybumoutorbecomedepressed.

19.Onewillhavetopetitionthecourttobetheparent’slegalguardian,ifthereisnoadvancedirective.

20.Thenationalmediancostofassistedlivingin2011was$39,135anditisnotcoveredbyMedicaid.

【答案】11.G

12.D

13.H

14.C

15.A

16.B

17.D

18.I

19.C

20.F

【解析】11.題干：當(dāng)年邁的父母不能安全地生活在家里時(shí)，他們的孩子可以改變他們的家，而不是送他們到成人護(hù)理機(jī)構(gòu)。由題干的anadultcarefacility可以定位到G選項(xiàng)第二句Butiftheparentscannolongersafelyliveathome,itcanbehardforchildrentomovethemintoanadultcarefacility.“但如果父母不能再安全地住在家里，孩子們就很難把他們送到成人看護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)”，這里是題干的同義替換，所以答案選G。

12.題干：談?wù)撻L(zhǎng)期護(hù)理并不容易，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)年邁的父母會(huì)懷疑子女的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)機(jī)。由題干定位到D選項(xiàng)第三句Elderlyparentsaresometimessuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives…“年邁的父母有時(shí)會(huì)懷疑孩子的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)機(jī)……”從這里可知答案選D。

13.題干：除了提前計(jì)劃財(cái)務(wù)或醫(yī)療護(hù)理，家庭照顧者還承擔(dān)許多其他責(zé)任。由題干的financesormedicalcare“財(cái)務(wù)或醫(yī)療護(hù)理”定位到H選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第一二句It’snotjustaboutadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare.It’severything,”shesays.“這不僅僅是關(guān)于財(cái)政或醫(yī)療保健的預(yù)先計(jì)劃。這就是所有?！彼f(shuō)。這句符合題干題意，所以答案選H。

14.題干：持久委托書(shū)和醫(yī)療代理書(shū)的區(qū)別在于后者允許某人就醫(yī)療治療作出決定。通過(guò)題干的attorney和ahealthcareproxy（醫(yī)療代理）定位到C選項(xiàng)的第二句話Thedirectiveincludesseveralparts,including:adurablepowerofattorney,whichgivessomeonelegalauthoritytomakefinancialdecisionsonanother’sbehalf;ahealthcareproxy,whichissimilartothepowerofattorney,exceptitallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment;andalivingwillthatoutlinesinstructionsforend-of-lifecare.（Forexample,parentscansayiftheywanttobekeptalivebyartificialmeasures.）“該指令包括幾個(gè)部分，包括：持久委托書(shū)，賦予某人代表另一人做出財(cái)務(wù)決定的法律權(quán)力；醫(yī)療代理，類似于委托書(shū)，但允許某人就醫(yī)療作出決定；還有一份生前遺囑，列出了臨終護(hù)理的指導(dǎo)。（例如，父母可以說(shuō)他們是否想通過(guò)人工手段維持生命）”，這里說(shuō)出了委托書(shū)和醫(yī)療代理的不同，所以答案選C選項(xiàng)。

15.題干：巴爾多奇并不想把母親送到養(yǎng)老院，但她很難照顧她。文章定位到A選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第二句話Shehasafull-timejobandhasbackproblemsthatmakeitdifficultforhertolifthermother.“她有一份全職工作，而且背部有問(wèn)題，這使得她很難抱起她的母親”從這里可以看出Baldocchi有自己的難處，工作，背傷都讓她心有余而力不足，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.題干：2009年，美國(guó)有超過(guò)4200萬(wàn)護(hù)理人員幫助成年人進(jìn)行日?；顒?dòng)。根據(jù)文章的數(shù)據(jù)42million和2009可以定位到B選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第二句話Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,accordingtoa2009surveybytheAARP.“美國(guó)退休人員協(xié)會(huì)（AARP）2009年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，超過(guò)4200萬(wàn)美國(guó)人為日?；顒?dòng)需要幫助的成年人提供家庭照顧”，這句符合題干，所以選B選項(xiàng)。

17.題干：如果一個(gè)家庭需要信息或幫助解決分歧，他們可以找很多人。根據(jù)文章中的sortoutdisagreement“解決分歧”定位到D選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第二句話Andwhentherearemanysiblings,thefamilydecisionscanbecomeathree-ringcircuswithmuchacrimony,saysAnn-MargaretCarrozza,anelder-lawattorneyinGlenCove,N.Y.Familieswhoneedinformationandhelpsortingoutdisagreementscancallonelder-lawattorneys,financialplanners,geriatriccaremanagersandcaregiversupportgroups.“美國(guó)退休人員協(xié)會(huì)（AARP）2009年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，超過(guò)4200萬(wàn)美國(guó)人為日常活動(dòng)需要幫助的成年人提供家庭照顧”，從這里可以看出當(dāng)家庭成員有分歧時(shí)他們可以尋求律師，理財(cái)師等人的幫助，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合題意，所以答案選D。

18.題干：照顧者應(yīng)該注意自己的健康，否則他們可能會(huì)精疲力盡或變得抑郁。定位到I選項(xiàng)第一句話Caregiversneedtoalsowatchtheirownhealth.“護(hù)理人員也需要關(guān)注自己的健康”，這里跟題干屬于同義替換，所以答案選I。

19.題干：如果沒(méi)有事先指示，孩子必須向法院申請(qǐng)成為孩子父母的合法監(jiān)護(hù)人。根據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵詞petition“請(qǐng)?jiān)浮焙蚢dvancedirective“預(yù)先指示”，定位到C選項(xiàng)最后一句話Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian,saysAgingC.“AgingC網(wǎng)站表示，如果沒(méi)有事先的指示，這個(gè)家庭將不得不向法院申請(qǐng)指定父母的法定監(jiān)護(hù)人”，這里表達(dá)的意思和題干相同，所以答案選C。

20.題干：2011年，全國(guó)輔助生活費(fèi)用的中位數(shù)為39135美元，這不在醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的覆蓋范圍內(nèi)。根據(jù)文章數(shù)據(jù)2011和$39,135可以定位到F選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第一、二句Thenationalmediancostin2011was$39,135,accordingtoGenworth.Assistedlivingisn’tcoveredbyMedicaid.“根據(jù)Genworth的數(shù)據(jù)，2011年全國(guó)醫(yī)保成本中值為39135美元。醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃不包括輔助生活”，這里和題干表達(dá)的意思相同，所以答案選F。

8.填空題

InMicrosoft'slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecentlygaveawayexpensivelaptopsloaded（1）itsnewWindowsVistaoperatingsystem.Butthegiftsgeneratedcontroversyaswellasgood（2）

,withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbriberyandtheirpeers（3

）

unethicalbehavior.

SeveralbloggersreportedlastweekthattheyhadreceivedAcerFerrarilaptops,whichcansell（4）

morethan$2,200,fromMicrosoft.

AspokeswomanforMicrosoftconfirmedFridaythatthe（5）

hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers

（6）

wroteabouttechnologyandothersubjectsthatcouldbe（7）

bythenewoperatingsystem,likephotographyand,oddly,parenting.

ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachineswithenthusiasm,many（8）

bloggerssoonobjected-notbecausetheyhadbeenleftoffthelistbut,theysaid,becausebloggersareboundbythe（9）

rulesastraditionaljournalists,whoshouldnotaccept

（10）giftsfromcompaniestheycover.

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)空格前的loaded（裝載）與空格后的operatingsystem（操作系統(tǒng)）可知此處用介詞with構(gòu)成固定搭配loadwith（裝載某物）。

試題答案：with

2.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。as?well?as常用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的成分，意為“也，還”，根據(jù)空格前的generatedcontroversy（引起爭(zhēng)議）aswellas可知此處填goodwill（善意）。

試題答案：will

3.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbribery可知此處填of與前面的ofbribery形成對(duì)應(yīng)。

試題答案：of

4.考查介詞搭配。sellfor表示“賣(mài)（多少錢(qián)）”。

試題答案：for

5.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers（已經(jīng)向博客寄出了大約90臺(tái)電腦）可推測(cè)主語(yǔ)為微軟公司，用“thecompany”指代微軟公司。

試題答案：company

6.考查關(guān)系代詞。空格前的bloggers為先行詞，表示人，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。

試題答案：who

7.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。短文第一段提到“最近微軟公司贈(zèng)送昂貴的裝載有自身新的WindowsVista操作系統(tǒng)的筆記本電腦”可推測(cè)“微軟公司送裝載有自身新的WindowsVista操作系統(tǒng)的筆記本電腦的目的是了解該新的操作系統(tǒng)所帶來(lái)的影響”，再由空格前的be和空格后的by，可知?jiǎng)釉~被動(dòng)形式，填affected。

試題答案：affected

8.考查不定代詞。根據(jù)空格前ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachines（不過(guò)當(dāng)微軟公司電腦寄送名單上那些人最初熱心地歡迎這些電腦吋）和空格后many...bloggerssoonobjected（很多……博客使用者很快就反對(duì)這些電腦的贈(zèng)送）可推測(cè)此處是其他人的態(tài)度。

試題答案：other

9.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)becausebloggersareboundbythe...rulesastraditionaljournalists（因?yàn)椴┛褪艿健?guī)則的約束，如同傳統(tǒng)的記者）可推測(cè)博客也像記者一樣受到同樣的規(guī)則制約，故填same。

試題答案：same

10.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)第四題可知每臺(tái)電腦的價(jià)格以超過(guò)2200美元賣(mài)出，可推出此處表示“昂貴的禮物”，故填expensive。

試題答案：expensive

9.單選題

RacialviolenceeruptedthroughouttheUnitedStates（）MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasassassinatedinApril,1968.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.during

C.eachtimethat

D.then

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；B選項(xiàng)during“在……期間”不能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，可排除。C選項(xiàng)eachtimethat“每當(dāng)”，不能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，可排除。D選項(xiàng)then“然后”，表示時(shí)間承接，也可排除。句意：種族暴力事件在美國(guó)各地爆發(fā)……馬丁?路德?金于1968年4月被暗殺。因此答案為A選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Thefamousscientistwassoeasy-goingand（）thatcollegestudentslikedtotalkwithhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.graceful

B.gracious

C.grim

D.glorious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)graceful表示“優(yōu)雅的；優(yōu)美的”；B選項(xiàng)gracious表示“親切的；高尚的；雅致的”；C選項(xiàng)grim表示“冷酷的；糟糕的；殘忍的”；D選項(xiàng)glorious表示“光榮的；輝煌的；極好的”。根據(jù)easy-going（平易近人的）可知空缺處部分應(yīng)為其近義詞，因此B項(xiàng)“和藹的”符合語(yǔ)境，故正確答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：這位著名科學(xué)家是如此的平易近人又和藹可親，大學(xué)生們都喜歡與他交談。

11.單選題

Lifeinsurancereflectsoneofthebestpartsofhumanbeings,caringforothers.Onebuyslifeinsurancebecauseheorshelovestheirspouseandchildren.Therearebenefitswhilelivingbuttherealreasonistomakesureothersarefinanciallytakencareof.

OneofthefirstrecordsoflifeinsurancewasinRome.There,groupscametogethercalledburialclubs.Theseweresetupbythepoortopayforthefuneralsofthemembersandtohelpthesurvivingfamilymembersfinancially.Themiddleageshadassociationsforthevarioustypesofhighlyskilledlabor.Thereareaccountsthatshowthattheseguildshelpedtheirmemberswithvarioustypesofinsuranceincludinglifeinsuranceanddisabilityinsurance.LifeinsurancecameintoitsowninEnglandinthelate1600'sandbecamepopularfromthenon.DuringthistimeLloyd'sofLondonwasgrowing.Lloyd'snamecamefromLloyd'sCoffeeHousewhereinsurancewastransactedbyshipownerswiththeunderwriterswhomettoputtogetherinsurancecontractsandothershippingandmerchantrelatedbusiness.

Somepeoplethinkofinsuranceasgambling.Itreallyisn'tgamblingeventhoughithasthesimilaritiesofprobabilityandodds.Insuranceservesapublicgoodofsharingthefinancialrisksofexistenceandlifeanddeathamongmanytoservethosewhohaveexperiencedaloss.

ThefirstlifeinsurancecompanyintheUnitedStatesstartedin1735.ThisCompanywasstartedforthebenefitofPresbyterian（長(zhǎng)老會(huì)的）ministers'families.Lifeinsurancewasoriginallydominatedbythemutuallifeinsurancecompanies.Thesearelifeinsurancecompaniesthatareownedbythepolicyholdersandthusthosepolicyownersreceivetheirpro-rata（按比例的）shareofthecompany'sprofits.Therearealsostocklifeinsurancecompanieswheretheprofitsaremadeforthebenefitofthestockholders.Similartothemutuallifeinsurancecompaniesarefraternal（互助會(huì)的）lifeinsurancecompanieswhichwerestartedbythevariousfraternalorderstoassisttheirmembers.Todaytheinsurancebusinesshasevolvedtoamulti-facetedbusinesswithvariousprogramsandnumerousdistributionmethods.Theinternetandtheinsuranceindustryisinitsinfancywithmostinsurancecompanieshavingawebsiteandnowwithwebsitesabletodolifeinsurancequotesonlinesuchaswhichalsohaseducationalpageswhereyoucanlearnaboutthetypesoflifeinsuranceincludingwholelifeinsurance,termlifeinsuranceandsurvivorshiplifeinsurance.

Therearechoicestodaythatdiffergreatlyfromthechoicesofevenafewyearsago.Theinternethasmadeinformationonlifeinsuranceaccessiblejustasanysubject.Butyoustillneedtherightknowledge.Thatmaycomefromaqualifiedinsuranceagentwhoknowstheirbusinessorfromagreatlifeinsuranceordisabilityinsurancewebsitethatprovidesgreatinformationforyoutostudy.

1.What’sthemainpurposesofthe‘‘burialclubs”？

2.Whatdoestheword“underwriters”inParagraph2mean?

3.Whatmakeslifeinsurancedifferentfromgambling?

4.WhatkindoflifeinsurancecompaniesdiddominatethepremiermarketintheU.S.?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tohelpthefamiliesoftheirdeadmembers.

B.Toprovidelifeinsuranceanddisabilityinsurance.

C.Tobebeneficialtotheshareholder.

D.Tomakeprofitsfortheclubmembers.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theownersoftheshippedcargo

B.Insurancecompaniesortheiragents

C.Theclerksoftheshipcompanies

D.Lloydinsurancecompany’sagents

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lifeinsurancedependsonprobabilityandodds

B.Lifeinsurancebenefitsthosewhobuyit

C.Lifeinsurancecaresforothers

D.Lifeinsurancemakesmanypeoplesharetheburden

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Burialclubsinvariousguilds

B.Fraternallifeinsurancecompanies

C.Stocklifeinsurancecompanies

D.Mutuallifeinsurancecompanies

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Aqualifiedinsuranceagentknowsinsurancebusinesswell

B.Insurancechoicesaredifferentbetweennowandthepast

C.Weshouldhaveourlifeinsuredonline

D.Weshouldchoosetherightwebsitetolearnaboutinsurance

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“喪葬社團(tuán)俱樂(lè)部的主要目的是什么？”文章第二段第三句話提到“這些俱樂(lè)部是由窮人設(shè)立，用來(lái)支付其成員的喪葬和在經(jīng)濟(jì)上幫助活著的家庭成員”（Theseweresetupbythepoortopayforthefuneralsofthemembersandtohelpthesurvivingfamilymembersfinancially），因此選項(xiàng)A“幫助死者的家人”符合題意。

2.詞義題。題目問(wèn)的是“第二段中出現(xiàn)的單詞underwriters是什么意思？”文章第二段最后一句提到who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明underwriters，是把保險(xiǎn)合同和其他船舶及商船相關(guān)的業(yè)務(wù)放在一起的人（whomettoputtogetherinsurancecontractsandothershippingandmerchantrelatedbusiness），因此選項(xiàng)B“保險(xiǎn)公司的代理”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“是什么讓人壽保險(xiǎn)與賭博不同？”文章第一段第一句話提到“人壽保險(xiǎn)體現(xiàn)了人類最優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)之一——關(guān)心他人”（Lifeinsurancereflectsoneofthebestpartsofhumanbeings,caringforothers），第三段最后一句提到“保險(xiǎn)服務(wù)于公眾利益，它通過(guò)在很多人中間分擔(dān)生存、生活和死亡的經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來(lái)服務(wù)那些遭受損失的人”（Insuranceservesapublicgoodofsharingthefinancialrisksofexistenceandlifeanddeathamongmanytoservethosewhohaveexperiencedaloss），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“人壽保險(xiǎn)關(guān)心他人”符合題意。

4.考查細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“什么樣的壽險(xiǎn)公司主宰了美國(guó)的主要市場(chǎng)?”文章第四段提到“人壽保險(xiǎn)最初是被互惠人壽保險(xiǎn)公司支配的”（Lifeinsurancewasoriginallydominatedbythemutuallifeinsurancecompanies），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“最后一段的大意是什么？”文章最后一段的中心句是第一句話Therearechoicestodaythatdiffergreatlyfromthechoicesofevenafewyearsago（今天的保險(xiǎn)選擇跟幾年前的大不相同），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Wehadintendedtotalkaboutwork,but（

）startedtotalkaboutfootball.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.continuously

B.unwittingly

C.permanently

D.consistently

【答案】B

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。continuously“繼續(xù)地”；unwittingly“不知不覺(jué)地”；permanently“永久地”；consistently“一致地”。句意：我們?cè)馐谴蛩阏務(wù)摴ぷ鞯?，但是不知不覺(jué)就談到了足球。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.翻譯題

一直以來(lái)，哈佛大學(xué)要求在校本科生除了自己的主修專業(yè)課程之外，還要修習(xí)一系列課程，以確保他們受到的本科教育涵蓋了寬泛的研究課題和研究方法。哈佛大學(xué)新的通識(shí)教育項(xiàng)目(generaleducationprogram)大膽地致力于將學(xué)生在課堂上學(xué)到的知識(shí)與校園圍墻外的生活，甚至畢業(yè)后的生活聯(lián)系起來(lái)。通識(shí)教育課程的內(nèi)容和其他的課程內(nèi)容具有相連性，但教學(xué)方式并不一樣。通識(shí)教育課程的目的不是將學(xué)生帶入一門(mén)學(xué)科，而是將一門(mén)學(xué)科融入學(xué)生的生活。通識(shí)教育項(xiàng)目把藝術(shù)和科學(xué)與學(xué)生們面臨的21世紀(jì)的世界以及畢業(yè)后的生活聯(lián)系起來(lái)，讓學(xué)生了解哈佛大學(xué)所有的研究課題和研究技巧。

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