高級(jí)英語(yǔ)數(shù)服0-2-230第一學(xué)期

1學(xué)期高級(jí)英語(yǔ)試★考試時(shí)間共120分鐘題123456789總得閱卷TestPaperofAdvanced得閱卷PartIChoosethebestanswerforthefollowing得閱卷Thefuelofthecontinentalmissileissupposedtobe bythisdevice.Aignited BlightedCfiredDinspiredThereissupposedtobeasafety whiakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.Aappliance Baccessory Cmachine DmechanismIfyou thechildrenproperly,Mr.Chiver,they’lljustrunA CmanipulateD4please byhisoffensiveremarkssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattentionAdistractedBdisregardedCirritatedDIftheworldistoremainpeaceful,theutmosteffortmustbemadebynationstolimit A B C DTheseareasrelyonagriculturealmost ,havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment.ArespectivelyBextraordinarilyC D7Inspiteof economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenA B C DMaryonce withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.Amerged Bcollaborated CcoincidedDconstitutedWeshouldmakeaclear betweenthetwoscientifictermsforthepurposeofourdiscussion.AseparationBdiscrimination CdeviationDdistinctionSomechildrendisplayan curiosityabouteverynewthingtheyencounter.Aincredible Binfectious patibleDinaccessible thathehadnotbeenintheneighbouthoodatthetimeofthecrime.Aadvocated allegedCaddressedDannouncedDepressionisoftencausedbythe effectsofstressandoverwork.Atotal Bincreased CterrificDcumulativeThe hispainbutdidnotcurehisAmediatedBdeterioratedCactivatedD popularbeliefthatclassicalmusicistoocomplex,itachievesasimplicitythatonlyageniuscancreate.ASubjectto BContraryto CFamiliarto DSimilartoAlthoughcatscannotseeincompletedarknesstheireyesaremuore tolightthanarehumaneyes.AglowingBbrilliant Csensitive DgloomyNooneimaginedthatthe businessmanwasreallyaA B C DIwasdeeplyimpressedbythehostess’s andenjoyedthedinnerpartyverymuch.Ahostility DhumanityItisverystrangebutIhadan thattheplanewouldcrash.Ainspiration Bintuition CimaginationDincentiveTheautomaticdoorsinsupermarkets theentryandexitofcustomerswithshopcarts.Afurnish BinduceCfacilitate Herinterestinredecoratingthebighousekept forawholeA B C D得閱卷PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimming得閱卷Directions:Inthispart,youwillgooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.FoodInflationKeptHiddeninTimerChipsaredisappearingfrombags,candyfromboxesandvegetablesfromAsanexpectedincreaseinthecostofrawmaterialsloomsforlatesummer,consumersarebeginningtoencountershrinkingfoodpackages.Withunemploymentstillhigh,companiesinrecentmonthshavetriedtohidepriceincreasesbysellingtheirproductsintinyandtimerpackages.Sofar,thechangesaremostvisibleatthegrocerystore,whereshoppersarepayingthesameamount,butgettingless.ForLisaStauber,stretchingherbudgettofeedherninechildreninHoustonoftenrequirescarefulmonitoringatthestore.Recently,whenshecookedherusualthreeboxesofpastaforabigfamilydinner,shewassurprisedbyasmalleryield,andshebegantosomethingwasup."Wholewheatpastahadgonefrom16ouncesto13.25ounces,"shesaid."Iboughtthreeboxesanditenough-thatwasalittleembarrassing.IboughtthesameamountIalwaysbuy,Ijustdidn'trealizeit,becausewhoreadsthesizesallthetime?"Ms.Stauber,33,saidshebeganinspectingherotherpurchases,aislebyaisle.Manycannedvegetablesdroppedto13or14ouncesfrom16;boxesofbabywipeswentto72from80;andsugarwasstackedin4-pound,not5-pound,bags,shesaid.Fiveorsoyearsago,Ms.Stauberbought16-ouncecansofcorn.Thentheywere15.5ounces,then14.5ounces,andthesizeisstilldrop."ThetimeI'veeverseenan11-ouncecanofcornatthestorewasaboutthreeweeksago,andIwasjustfloored,"shesaid."It'ssneaky,becausetheyfigurepeoplewon'tknow."Ineveryeconomicdownturninthelastfewdecades,companieshavereducedthesizeofsomeproducts,disguisingpriceincreasesandavoidingcomparisonsonsame-sizepackages,beforeandafteranincrease.Eachtime,themarketingnsarecoy;thistime,thesmallerversionsare"greener"(packagesgoodfortheenvironment)ormore"portable"(littlecarrybagsforthetakeoutlifestyle)or"healthier"(fewercalories).Wherecompaniescannotchangesizes-asinclothingorappliances-theyhavewarnedthatpriceswillbegoingup,asthecostsofcotton,energy,grainandotherrawmaterialsarerising."Consumersaregenerallymoresensitivetochangesinpricesthantochangesinty,"JohnT.Gourville,amarketingprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchool,said."Andcompaniestrytotinsuchawaythatyoudon'tnotice,maybekeetheheightandwidththesame,butchangingthedepthsothesilhouette(輪廓)ofthepackageontheshelflooksthesame.Orsometimestheyaddmoreairtothechipsbagorascoopinthebottomofthepeanutbutterjarsoitlooksthesamesize."ThomasJ.Alexander,afinanceprofessoratNorthwoodUniversity,saidthatbusinesseshadlittlechoicethesedayswhenfacedwithincreasesinthecostsoftheirrawgoods."Companiesonlyhavepricingpowerwhenwagesarealsoincreasing,andwe'renotseeingthatrightnowbecauseofthehighunemployment,"hesaid.Mostcompaniesreduceproductsquietly,hoconsumersarenotreadinglabelstooButthedownsizingkeepsoccurring.AcanofChickenoftheSeaalbacoretunaisnockedat5ounces,insteadofthe6-ounceversionstillonsomeshelves,andinsomecases,the5-ouncecancostsmorethanthelargerone.BagsofDoritos,TostitosandFritosnowhold20percentfewerchipsthanin2009,thoughaspokesmansaidthoseextrachipswerejusta"limitedtime"offer.Tryingtokeepcustomersfromfeelingcheated,somecompaniesareintroducingnewcontainersthat,theysay,haveterrificadvantages–andjusthappentocontainlessproduct.Kraftisintroducing"FreshStacks"packagesforitsNabiscoPremiumsaltinesandHoneyMaidgrahamcrackers.Eachhasabout15percentfewercrackersthanthestandardboxes,butthepricehasnotchanged.KraftsaysthatbecausetheFreshStacksincludemoresleevesofcrackers,theyaremoreportableand"thepackagingformatoffersthebenefitofaddedfreshness,"saidBasilT.Maglaris,aKraftspokesman,inan.AndProcter&Gambleisexpandingits"FutureFriendly"products,whichitpromotesasusingatleast15percentlessenergy,waterorpackagingthanthestandardones."Theyaremoreenvironmentallyfriendly,that'strue-butthey'realsosmaller,"saidPaulamanagingpartnerforretailsystemsresearchat ,anonlinespecialistnetwork."Theyannounceitasgreatneckaging,andinfactwhatitisissmallerpackaging,smalleramountsoftheproduct,"shesaid.Ormarketersdesignanewshapeandsizealtogether,complicatinganyefforttocomparisonshop.TheunwrappedReese'sMinis,whichwereintroducedinFebruary,aresmallerthanthefoil-wrappedMiniatures.Theyarealsomoreexpensive-$0.57anounceatFreshDirect,versus$0.37anouncefortheindividuallywrapped.AtH.J.Heinz,pricesonketchup,condiments,saucesandOre-Idaproductshavealreadygoneup,andthecompanyissellingsmaller-than-usualversionsofcondiments,like5-ouncebottlesofitemslikeHeinz57SaucesoldatplaceslikeDollarGeneral."Ihaveneverregrettedraisingpricesinthefaceofsignificantcostpressures,sincewecanalwayscourse-correctifthe eisnotasweexpected,"Heinz'schairmanandchiefexecutive,WilliamR.Johnson,saidlastmonth.Whilecompanieshavelongadjustedpackagesizestoappealtochangingtastes,fromsupersizesto100-caloriepacks,therecessiondrovealotofcorporationstothinksmall.ThestandardsizeforEdy'sicecreamwentfrom2litersto1.5in2008.AndTropicanashiftedtoa59-ouncecartonratherthana64-ounceonelastyear,afterthecostoforangesrose.Withpricesforenergyandforrawmaterialslikecorn,cottonandsugarcreeupandexpectedtosurgelaterthisyear,companiesarebarelybotheringtocoveruptheshrinkingpacks."Typically,theproductmanufacturersarengthisslightlyaheadoftheperceivedinflationaryissues,"Rosenblumsaid."Lay,ithasn'tbeensubtle-Imean,they'vebeenshrinkingbynoticeableThatcanworktoacompany'sbenefit.Inthecultureofthinness,smallermaybeasellingpoint.Itletsretailershonestlyclaim,forexample,thatasnackpackagecontainsfewercalories-withouthavingtochangetheingredientsasmidge."Forindulgenceslikeicecream,chocolateandpotatochips,consumersmaysay'Idon'tmindgettingalittlebitlessbecauseIshouldn'tbeconsumingsomuchanyway,'"saidProfessorGourville."That'saharderargumenttomakewithsomethinglikediapersororangejuice."Butevenwhilecompaniesblametherecessionforsmallerpackages,theyrarelyincreasesizesingoodtimes,hesaid.Hetracedtheshrinkingpackagetrendstothelate1980s,whencompanieslikeChockfullo'Nutsdownsizedtheone-poundtinofgroundcoffeeto13ounces.Thatshockedconsumers,forwhomapoundofcoffeehadbeenasstandardapurchaseunitasadozeneggsorasix-packofbeer,hesaid.Oncetheeconomyrebounds,hesaid,anew"jumbo"sizeproducttypicallyemerges,atanevenhighercostperounce.Thenthegradualshrinkingprocessofallpackagesizesbeginsanew,hesaid."It'sacontinuouscycle,whereatsomepointthesmallestpackageoffered essosmallthatperhapsthey'rephasedoutandreplacedbythemedium-sizepackage,whichhasbeenshrunkdown,"hesaid.Accordingtotheauthor,whyarethefoodcompaniesbeginningtochangeTheywouldliketohelppeoplesavemoreinshopTheythinkthepricesforrawgoodsarelikelytogoupveryTheywanttoincreasethevisibilityoftheirTheyexpectthatthecostofrawmaterialswillplungethisAfterinspectingthethingsshepurchased,Ms.Stauberfoundthat thepriceshavetheyhaveshortershelftheyareofworsetheirsizeshaveWhatdobusinessestendtoneconomicBringdownthepricesofsomeUsemorehealthymaterialsfortheHidepricerisesbydownsizingMaketheirproductsattractivelyJohnT.Gourvillesuggestedthatconsumersaremorelikelytonoticeitif thepricesofthegoodsthequalityoftheproductsthepackagestakeadifferenttheweightsoffoodsturnWhatstopscompaniesraisingproductpricesatpresentaccordingtoThomasJ.IncreasingHighHighcostofrawThereboundingAccordingtoProcter&Gamble,itintroduces ckagingbecause itisgoodfortheithelpskeepthefooditmakestheproducteasiertothepreviouspackisnotuptoSomemarketerscompleychangeboththeshapeandsizeoftheproductinorderto catertoconsumers'changingpromotetheproductinanewmakeitmoredifficultfortheshopperstocompareensurepeoplegetgoodsforthecheapestpossibleManufacturerswillshrinktheirpacksinavisiblewayaspricesareexpectedto _laterthisAsmanypeoplearetryingtobethin,shrinkingpackagingmaybe andbenefitConsumerswere whenthesizeofthegroundcoffeeofChockfullo'Nutsshrunk得閱卷PartIIIReadingComprehension得閱卷Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsor pletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet.Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingHappinessfollowsaU-shapedcurveduringa 'slifetime,accordingtoresearchshowingthatmiddle-agedpeoplearetheunhappiest.Satisfactionwithlifestartstodropasearlyasa 'slate20sanddoesnotbegintorecoveruntilwellpast50,saysBertvanLandeghem,aneconomistatMaastrichtUniversityinBelgium.Whileyoungadultsarecarefreeandfullofhopeforthefutureandtheover-50shavecometotermswiththetrialsoflife,theresearchindicatesthatthoseinthemiddlefeelweigheddownbythedemandsonthem.Thestudyfound"asubstantialdipinhappinessduringthemiddleofpeople'slivesistheequivalenttoingunemployedorlosingafamilymember".Theconclusionscomeinastudyofhowpeopleperceivetheirwellbeing.Mr.vanLandeghem,whois29,willpresenthisresearchattheRoyalEconomicSocietyannualconferenceatRoyalHolloway,theUniversityofLondon,thisweek.WhileMr.vanLandeghemsaidhappinessdidreturnwithage,hewarnedthatolderpeopledidnotactuallyrecapturethespiritoftheiryouth.Theysimplylearnttobesatisfiedwiththeirlot."AU-shapedhappinesscurvedoesnotnecessarilyimplythata65-year-oldprefershisownlifetothelifeofa25-year-old,"hesaid."Boththe25-year-oldand65-year-oldmightagreethatitisnicertobe25thantobe65.Butthe65-year-oldmightneverthelessbemoresatisfied,ashehaslearnedtobesatisfiedwithwhathehas."Studiesaroundtheworldhaveshownthathappinesstendstodipinmidlife,hesaid,andthatthiswasnotjustaphenomenonconfinedtotheWesternworld.Lastmonth,LewisWolpert,emeritus(榮譽(yù)的)professorofbiologyatUniversityCollegeLondon,saidhappinesscouldpeakaslateas80.InabookcalledYou'reLookingVeryWell,ProfWolpertsaidmostpeoplewere"averagelyhappy"intheirteensand20s,butthisdeclineduntilearlymiddleageastheyattemptedtosupportafamilyandcareer.Headded:"Fromthemid-40s,peopletendto eevermorecheerfulandoptimistic,perhapsreachingaumintheirlate70sor80s."Aneasingoftheresponsibilitiesofmiddleage,maturityandanincreasedonthethingsweenjoycontributedtothetrend,heAccordingtoBertvanLandeghem'sresearch,ifwedrawacurveofhappinessduringone'slifetime,itwould Comparedwithboththeyoungandtheold,themiddle-agedareunhappierbecausethereareheavydemandswhich Thedeclineofhappinessinmiddleageissimilartothatwhenpeopleloseajobor Mr.vanLandeghemsuggestedthathappinessreturnswithagesimplybecauseoldpeoplelearnttofacetheirfatewith.AccordingtoLewisWolpert,peopleintheirlate70sor80smaybethemost.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowingLookinginfromabroad,muchoftheworldhashistoricallybeenbaffledbyAmerica'sgunlaws.Innoothercountrycanamentallyunstable accessaGlockpistolaseasilyasedArizonashooterJaredLoughnerdid.AndinnoothercountryisthenumberofpeoplewhoowngunsashighasintheUnitedStates,wherethereare90gunsforevery100people.TheSecondAmendmentthatguaranteestherighttobeararmsispartofAmerica'sfoundingfabric.SoissenselessbroughtaboutbygunsalsoAmerican?Thatwasthequestionposedattoday'sWhiteHousepressbriefingbyRussianjournalistAndreiSitov,theWashingtonBureauChiefforMoscow-basedItar-Tass.Predictably,thequeryirked(惹惱)manyintheroom,includingWhiteHousePressSecretaryRobertGibbs."Ithinkthere'sagreementonallsidesofthepoliticalspectrumthatisnever,everacceptable,"Gibbssaidfromthepodium.WhathappenedinTucson"wasnotinkeewiththeimportantbedrock(基礎(chǔ)的)valuesonwhichthiscountrywasfounded,"hesaid.Severalotherreportersscoffed(嘲笑)atthesuggestionaswell.Butmuorescoffingoverthelastweekcamefromoverseas,whereforeignnewsagenciesreactedtotheTucsontragedywithanelementofsaying"wecouldhavepredictedthis"."TheTucsonshooting,inwhichCongresswomanGabrielleGiffordswasshotinthehead,isanothertragiccommentaryonthepoisonouspoliticalclimatethathasdevelopedintheUnitedStates,alliedtothecountry'spervasive(普遍存在的)gunculture,"readaneditorialpublishedinNewZealand.IntheSydneyMorningHerald,journalistRodTiffenstatedwhatseemslikeanobviouspointmissedoverthepastweek:"Thereisastrongcorrelationbetweenthenumberofgunsinasocietyanddeathsresultingfromthem."EdPilkington,awriterfortheU.K.'sGuardianaskeditmoresimply,"WhatisitwithgunsandAmerica?Whydoesthemostadvanceddemocracy,whichpridesitselfonbeingabastionofreasonandcivilizationinabrutalanduglyworld,putupwiththiscarnageinitsownbackyard?"Whichraisesthequestion,isSitovright?Isoccasionalviolenttragedyanunpleasantbyproduct(副產(chǎn)品)ofafreesociety?IwalkedoutofthebriefingroomwithSitov,whoappearedtorealizetheimpactthathisquestionhadontheroomfulofAmericans."It'sanobviousquestionandnobodyasksthatquestion,"hetoldmethroughhisthickRussianaccent,"Thisisacostthatyourcountrypaysforfreedom."WhatdowelearnfromtheTheuseofguns eahottopicintheUnitedStatesTheU.S.isnowthecountrywiththehighestrateofprivay-ownedPeoplewithmentaldisorderarebannedtousegunsintheManycountrieshavefollowedAmerica'sexampleinmakingtheirgunRussianjournalistAndreiSitovsuggestedthat it'sgunuserswhoshouldbeblamedforit'snothingwrongforpeopletobearprivateforAmerica isthecostofAmericanscommitmostviolentcrimesintheHowdidRobertGibbsfeelinfaceofAndreiSitov'sHefeltveryHethoughtit'sHewashappythatSitovraisedtheHewasn'tconvincedabouttheWhatistheviewoftheNewZealandIt'simpossiblefortheUnitedStatestopreventgunAmerica'sdangerouspoliticalsituationisconnectedwithitsgunForeignreportersshouldnotcommentontheTucsontragedyTheTucsonshootingisjustanoccasionalincidentinthedemocraticItcanbeinferredfromthecontextthat"carnage"(Line3,Para.7)refersto thelosingofthethecorruptionoftheworseningpoliticalthedeathsresultingfromgunsPassageTwoQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingWell-to-doparentsareincreasinglyoptingtosendtheirchildrentosingle-sexprepschools,reversingthetrendofrecentyears.Lastweek,MichaeletoldusthatweneededtopromoteaDangerousBookforBoysculturesothatboyscouldbeboysagain.Atthebeginningofthismonth,it(re-)emergedthattherewerefarfewermaleteachersinprimaryschoolstoarolemodels.Underlyingthisisanxietyaboutachievement;recentDepartmentforEducationfiguresshowthatnearlydoublethenumberofboysfailedtoreachexpectedstandardsatseven.Tdergapismorethan10pointsinEnglishatBehaviourisaworrytoo.Boysarethreeandahalftimesmorelikelytobeexcluded,andthefigureisworseifyouareaworking-classorblackToday'sanswertotheproblemseemstobesingle-sexschools.Yetdebatesabouttheirvaluearebothage-oldanddecidedlyunresolved.Proponents(倡導(dǎo)者)arguethatkeeboystogetherallowsthemtoexpeltheir"boyish"energymorefreely-ensuringtheyareinlineandontask.Girlsaresaidtobenefittoo,withmoresupporttobuildButthereisalsoevidenceintheotherdirection.AreportcommissionedbytheHeadmastersandHeadmistressesconference,whichrepresentstopprivateschools,showsthatsingle-sexschoolsmakelittledifferenceto es.What'smore,arguingthatEtonisagoodschoolbecauseitonlyadmitsboysislikesayingWayneRooneyisagoodfootballerbecausehewearsanicekit-onedoesnotnecessarilyleadtotheother.Inpractice,thesingle-sexquestionisadistractionfromwhatreallymatters.Itsoundsobvious,butboys(andgirls)willdobetteriftheyaretaughtbetterbyteacherswhounderstandtheirindividualneeds.Thatmeansskilledpractitioners(從業(yè)者)usingthecurriculumcreativelytoengageandexciteeverysinglechildinfrontofthem-regardlessoftheirgenderAnd,incidentally,maleandfemaleteachershaveequalcapacitytogetthisright.Ofcoursethisishard,andIcansayIfellshortmanytimes.Butjustbyintroducingagendercontrolonthegroupisn'tgoingtomakeitanyeasier.Whataboutthegirlwholikesactivelearningortheboywhoisshy?Iamnotsuretheywouldgetafairdealifourteachingisframedbygenderbehaviours.Inanycase,wewantkidstobeabletoexcelinresponsetoalllearningenvironments-notjusttheonestheyarecomfortablein.Soletgirlsbeboisterous(活躍的),andboysself-reflect.Andletthemlearntogether,taughtbythebestteacherswecanfind.What'sthetrendofrecentyearsaccordingtotheMorerichparentschoosesingle-sexeducationfortheirMaleteachersenjoyincreasingpopularityamongBoysfromworkingclassstarttocatchupwithgirlsinManypeoplesendtheirchildrentomixed-sexprepWhat'ssupporters'argumentforsingle-sexThereexistsnogendergapintheseTheyarebeneficialtobothboysandBoysgainmoreconfidenceinboyTheyhelpgirlsachievetheirfullTheexampleofWayneRooneyisusedtoshowsingle-sexeducationdoesnotnecessarilymakeboyssportsgearisextremelyimportantinanathlete'sboystendtomakegreaterprogressoncetheygotoboygoodsingle-sexschoolscansolveboys'behaviouralAccordingtotheauthor,whatreallymattersinchildren'sTderofIndividualizedThecurriculumsetbyWhatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdotogirlswholikeactiveSendthemtoaclasswithsternSeparatethemfromactiveboysinTrytoteachthemhowtobehaveFindthemteachersthatcanmeettheir得閱卷Part得閱卷Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Itlsplantswhento1flowersandinsectswhentoleavetheprotectivecocoon(繭)andflyaway.Anditlsanimalsandhumanbeingswhento2,sleepandseekfood.Itcontrolsourbodytemperatures,the3ofsomehormonesandevendreams.Events4theplantandanimalaffectitsactions.ScientistsrecentlyfoundthatatinyanimalcalledSiberainhamsterchangesthecolorofits5becauseofthenumberofhoursof6.Inshorterdaysofwinteritsfur white.Thefur esgray-browninlonger7ofdaylightsummer.8signalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks,Germanscientistsfoundthatsomeinternaloneseemstoorderbirdstobegintheir9flightstwotimeseachyear.Birdspreventedfromflying e10whenitistimeforthetrip.11theyecalmagai