非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)課件

XuanchengNo.2HighSchool

CatherineXuanchengNo.2HighSchool非動(dòng)詞ing形式-ingform不定式infinitive過(guò)去分詞pastparticiple非動(dòng)詞ing形式不定式過(guò)去分詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句法功能一般式進(jìn)行式完成式一般式完成式主表賓賓補(bǔ)定狀不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√動(dòng)詞ing形式do-ing

havingdonebeingdoneHavingbeendone√√√√√√

過(guò)去分詞

done

×

√

×√√√非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞功能用法一覽表

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句法功能一般式進(jìn)行式完成式一般式完成式主表賓GrammarNon-finiteVerbsUsedasAdverbialGrammarUsedasAdverbial

動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)可以表示行為的目的、結(jié)果、原因等

動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)

1.Peoplealsotraveltomeetnewfriends,to

trynewkindsoffood,toexperiencelifeinotherplacesorsimplytogetawayfromcoldweather.

2.為了謀生，她不得不從早工作到晚．有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出這種目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo,和soas(not)todo結(jié)構(gòu)(soastodo不可以置于句首)。

目的狀語(yǔ)Tomakealiving,shehastoworkfrommorningtillnight.3.Inordertogetmarried,Ineedajob,andinordertogetajob,IneedaPHD.4.I’llwritedownthissoasnottoforgetit.我要把這個(gè)記下來(lái)以防忘記Tip1:動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)soas(not)to不可前置！1.Peoplealsotraveltomeeeg：Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.他匆忙趕到車站，發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlytobetoldthefilmstarshadleft.(2004福建)

記者們匆忙趕到機(jī)場(chǎng),卻被告知明星們已經(jīng)走了.

用動(dòng)詞不定式多用來(lái)表示意想不到的結(jié)果(unexpected）不定式表示結(jié)果還常見(jiàn)于下列句型：

1)

onlytodo2)

such...astodo3)

so...astodo

4)

enoughtodo5)

too...todo結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)eg：HehurriedtothestationoYouaresilly____yourcar.A.nothavinglocked

B.notlocking

C.nottohavelocked

D.nottolock.

此句中，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)用于解釋“我”責(zé)怪“你”silly的原因．未鎖車的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用到了不定式的完成式．原因狀語(yǔ)Youaresilly____yourcar.

動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式都可以作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等,并且能夠轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。

Iwasill,soIdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Beingill,Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Theteacherstoodthere,andhewassurroundedbythestudents.Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents,

動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)

1.Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,____meafullbasketoffreshfruits.(2006安徽卷)A.broughtB.bringingC.tobrightD.hadbrought

2.____forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(2006福建卷)A.BlamingB.BlamedC.ToblameD.TobeblamedKey:Bblame的用法常見(jiàn)于兩種形式：sbbeblamed/sb.betoblame.Alice受了批評(píng)，所以情緒低落．而betoblame表示某人該受批評(píng)，用主動(dòng)不用被動(dòng)．Key:B.考察V-ing作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，bringing和mycousin之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系1.Mycousincametoseemef表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。XiangYufangisoneofthosewhohavereturnedtoChinaafterstudyingandworkingabroad.

2.Seenfromthetop,itlooksjustlikeabird’snestmadeoftreebranches.

=aftertheyhavestudiedandworkedabroad=Whenitisseenfromthetop….動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。XiangYufan

1.

Havingbeen

totheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城許多次了，所以上周他就沒(méi)去.

2.

Excitedbythenewdiscovery,wedecidedtogooutandcelebrate.我們因?yàn)樾掳l(fā)現(xiàn)而激動(dòng)萬(wàn)分，決定出去慶祝一下。

動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)詞-ed形式=Because/Ashehadbeento…=Becausewewereexcitedby...表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。1.HavingbeentotheGreatIdroppedthevaseontheground,breakingitintopieces.Idroppedthevaseontheground,onlytohurtoneofmyfeet.Watercanabsorbandgiveoffalotofheatwithoutbigchangesintemperature,thuscreatingastableenvironment.表示自然而然的結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。(natural)

DoyourememberInfinitiveusage2?…soitcreatesastableenvironment.

動(dòng)詞-ing形式Tip2:過(guò)去分詞不可作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)！Idroppedthevaseonthegrou

1.

Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定能成功。

2.

Heated,watercanchangeintosteam.如果加熱，水就能變成蒸汽。

動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)詞-ed形式=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons...=Ifitisheated...作條件狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句1.Workinghardatyourlesso1.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。

2.Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisresearch.

盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。

=Althoughtheyknewallthis...=Evenifhewaslaughedbymanypeople...表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)詞-ed形式1.Knowingallthis,theymadHelayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.他躺在草地上，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地望著天空。

2.Hewentintotheoffice,followedby

somechildren.他走進(jìn)辦公室，后面跟著一些孩子。表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。=...andstaredattheskyforalongtime=andhewasfollowedbysomechildren動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)詞-ed形式Tip3:動(dòng)詞-ing和-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，首先要考慮其動(dòng)詞與主句主語(yǔ)之間的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系，主動(dòng)用V-ing，被動(dòng)用V-ed。Tip4：如果句子的意義強(qiáng)調(diào)此動(dòng)詞先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，則考慮用到各自的完成式。Helayonthegrass,staringaeg:Judgingbywhateveryonesaysabouthim,I’dliketosayhehasagoodchanceofwinning.從每個(gè)人所說(shuō)的判斷，我想說(shuō)他有很大的機(jī)會(huì)贏。固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查.

高中階段，有一些固定的非謂語(yǔ)形式短語(yǔ),它們的邏輯主語(yǔ)可以和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致。這種動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)可當(dāng)作一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)看待。

considering,supposing,judgingfrom/by,generallyspeaking,owingto...

eg:Judgingbywhatevery有些過(guò)去分詞，它們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,表示狀態(tài).常見(jiàn)的有devoted/dressed/determined/facedwith/lost/provided/seated等還有些不定式短語(yǔ)也已經(jīng)成為固定形:totellyouthetruth,tobefrank，tobehonest,tomakemattersworse…Dressedinawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.(NEMT2005湖南卷)

eg:Seatedatthetable,Iwaswaitingfordinner.Tobefrank,Iamreallyhappytobewithyou!有些過(guò)去分詞，它們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,表示狀態(tài).常見(jiàn)的有devExercise:1.When____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou,”or”It’skindofyou”.(NEMT2005福建卷)A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered

2.Weoftenprovidedourchildrenwithtoys,footballorbasketball,____thatallchildrenlikethesethings.(NEMT2006全國(guó)卷II)A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thoughtExercise:1.When____help,on

3.____withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(NEMT2006四川卷)A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.To

face4.____automatically,thee-mailwillbereceivedbyallthemembers.(NEMT2006上海卷)A.MailedoutB.MailingoutC.TobemailedoutD.Havingmailedout

5.Thestormleft,_____alotofdamagetothisarea.(NEMT2005全國(guó)卷I)A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused3.____withsomuchtrouble,

7.____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.A.NothavingmadeB.HavingnotmadeC.MakingnotD.Notbeingmade

6.----Cantheprojectbefinishedasplaned?----Sure,____itcompletedintime,we’llworktwomorehoursaday.(NEMT2005福建卷)A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get

8.____togiveupsmoking,hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes.A.DeterminingB.DeterminedC.HavedeterminedD.todetermined

7.____fullpreparations,weThankyouforlistening!Thankyouforlistening!Couldyoumakeasentence

usingthisform?不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)常用于It’s+adj.+of+sb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)或sb.+be+adj.+todosth.在這些結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind,good,unwise,clever,wrong,right,bad,

foolish,stupid,careless,impolite,honest,sensible,naughty,rude,

Couldyoumakeasentence

usi1.Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbustothetown.Hegotupearly_______________catchthefirstbus.2.WemustworkhardatEnglishinorderthatwecancontactforeignersfreely.WemustworkhardatEnglish____________contactforeignersfreely.3.______(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.

soastoinordertoTosave1.Hegotupearlysothathec1._____(see)thosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYan’an.2.Once_____(arm),weareafraidofnothing.3._____(water)thevegetables,theybegantopicktheapples.4.Warmly_____(praise)forhiswork,hewastooexcitedtofallasleep.5._____(inspire)byDr.Chen’sspeech,theydecidedtostudymathsharder.6.___________(separate)fromothercountriesformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.(NEMT2005湖北)

SeeingarmedHavingwateredpraisedInspiredHavingbeenseparated1._____(see)thosepictures,XuanchengNo.2HighSchool

CatherineXuanchengNo.2HighSchool非動(dòng)詞ing形式-ingform不定式infinitive過(guò)去分詞pastparticiple非動(dòng)詞ing形式不定式過(guò)去分詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句法功能一般式進(jìn)行式完成式一般式完成式主表賓賓補(bǔ)定狀不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√動(dòng)詞ing形式do-ing

havingdonebeingdoneHavingbeendone√√√√√√

過(guò)去分詞

done

×

√

×√√√非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞功能用法一覽表

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句法功能一般式進(jìn)行式完成式一般式完成式主表賓GrammarNon-finiteVerbsUsedasAdverbialGrammarUsedasAdverbial

動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)可以表示行為的目的、結(jié)果、原因等

動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)

1.Peoplealsotraveltomeetnewfriends,to

trynewkindsoffood,toexperiencelifeinotherplacesorsimplytogetawayfromcoldweather.

2.為了謀生，她不得不從早工作到晚．有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出這種目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo,和soas(not)todo結(jié)構(gòu)(soastodo不可以置于句首)。

目的狀語(yǔ)Tomakealiving,shehastoworkfrommorningtillnight.3.Inordertogetmarried,Ineedajob,andinordertogetajob,IneedaPHD.4.I’llwritedownthissoasnottoforgetit.我要把這個(gè)記下來(lái)以防忘記Tip1:動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)soas(not)to不可前置！1.Peoplealsotraveltomeeeg：Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.他匆忙趕到車站，發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlytobetoldthefilmstarshadleft.(2004福建)

記者們匆忙趕到機(jī)場(chǎng),卻被告知明星們已經(jīng)走了.

用動(dòng)詞不定式多用來(lái)表示意想不到的結(jié)果(unexpected）不定式表示結(jié)果還常見(jiàn)于下列句型：

1)

onlytodo2)

such...astodo3)

so...astodo

4)

enoughtodo5)

too...todo結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)eg：HehurriedtothestationoYouaresilly____yourcar.A.nothavinglocked

B.notlocking

C.nottohavelocked

D.nottolock.

此句中，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)用于解釋“我”責(zé)怪“你”silly的原因．未鎖車的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用到了不定式的完成式．原因狀語(yǔ)Youaresilly____yourcar.

動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式都可以作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等,并且能夠轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。

Iwasill,soIdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Beingill,Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Theteacherstoodthere,andhewassurroundedbythestudents.Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents,

動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)

1.Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,____meafullbasketoffreshfruits.(2006安徽卷)A.broughtB.bringingC.tobrightD.hadbrought

2.____forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(2006福建卷)A.BlamingB.BlamedC.ToblameD.TobeblamedKey:Bblame的用法常見(jiàn)于兩種形式：sbbeblamed/sb.betoblame.Alice受了批評(píng)，所以情緒低落．而betoblame表示某人該受批評(píng)，用主動(dòng)不用被動(dòng)．Key:B.考察V-ing作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，bringing和mycousin之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系1.Mycousincametoseemef表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。XiangYufangisoneofthosewhohavereturnedtoChinaafterstudyingandworkingabroad.

2.Seenfromthetop,itlooksjustlikeabird’snestmadeoftreebranches.

=aftertheyhavestudiedandworkedabroad=Whenitisseenfromthetop….動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。XiangYufan

1.

Havingbeen

totheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城許多次了，所以上周他就沒(méi)去.

2.

Excitedbythenewdiscovery,wedecidedtogooutandcelebrate.我們因?yàn)樾掳l(fā)現(xiàn)而激動(dòng)萬(wàn)分，決定出去慶祝一下。

動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)詞-ed形式=Because/Ashehadbeento…=Becausewewereexcitedby...表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。1.HavingbeentotheGreatIdroppedthevaseontheground,breakingitintopieces.Idroppedthevaseontheground,onlytohurtoneofmyfeet.Watercanabsorbandgiveoffalotofheatwithoutbigchangesintemperature,thuscreatingastableenvironment.表示自然而然的結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。(natural)

DoyourememberInfinitiveusage2?…soitcreatesastableenvironment.

動(dòng)詞-ing形式Tip2:過(guò)去分詞不可作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)！Idroppedthevaseonthegrou

1.

Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定能成功。

2.

Heated,watercanchangeintosteam.如果加熱，水就能變成蒸汽。

動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)詞-ed形式=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons...=Ifitisheated...作條件狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句1.Workinghardatyourlesso1.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。

2.Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisresearch.

盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。

=Althoughtheyknewallthis...=Evenifhewaslaughedbymanypeople...表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)詞-ed形式1.Knowingallthis,theymadHelayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.他躺在草地上，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地望著天空。

2.Hewentintotheoffice,followedby

somechildren.他走進(jìn)辦公室，后面跟著一些孩子。表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。=...andstaredattheskyforalongtime=andhewasfollowedbysomechildren動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)詞-ed形式Tip3:動(dòng)詞-ing和-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，首先要考慮其動(dòng)詞與主句主語(yǔ)之間的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系，主動(dòng)用V-ing，被動(dòng)用V-ed。Tip4：如果句子的意義強(qiáng)調(diào)此動(dòng)詞先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，則考慮用到各自的完成式。Helayonthegrass,staringaeg:Judgingbywhateveryonesaysabouthim,I’dliketosayhehasagoodchanceofwinning.從每個(gè)人所說(shuō)的判斷，我想說(shuō)他有很大的機(jī)會(huì)贏。固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查.

高中階段，有一些固定的非謂語(yǔ)形式短語(yǔ),它們的邏輯主語(yǔ)可以和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致。這種動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)可當(dāng)作一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)看待。

considering,supposing,judgingfrom/by,generallyspeaking,owingto...

eg:Judgingbywhatevery有些過(guò)去分詞，它們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,表示狀態(tài).常見(jiàn)的有devoted/dressed/determined/facedwith/lost/provided/seated等還有些不定式短語(yǔ)也已經(jīng)成為固定形:totellyouthetruth,tobefrank，tobehonest,tomakemattersworse…Dressedinawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.(NEMT2005湖南卷)

eg:Seatedatthetable,Iwaswaitingfordinner.Tobefrank,Iamreallyhappytobewithyou!有些過(guò)去分詞，它們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,表示狀態(tài).常見(jiàn)的有devExercise:1.When____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou,”or”It’skindofyou”.(NEMT2005福建卷)A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered

2.Weoftenprovidedourchildrenwithtoys,footballorbasketball,____thatallchildrenlikethesethings.(NEMT2006全國(guó)卷II)A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thoughtExercise:1.When____help,on

3.____withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(NEMT2006四川卷)A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.To

face4.____automatically,thee-mailwillbereceivedbyallthemembers.(NEMT2006上海卷)A.MailedoutB.MailingoutC.TobemailedoutD.Havingmailedout

5.Thestormleft,_____alotofdamagetothisarea.(NEMT2005全國(guó)卷I)A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused3.____withsomuchtrouble,

7.____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.A.NothavingmadeB.HavingnotmadeC.MakingnotD.Notbeingmade

6.----Can