英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌分析方法課件

1.Whatispoetry?

Aliteraryform

markedwithstanzasWritteninlines

Richimagery

Greatartisticappeal

Beautifulharmony

Compressedcontent

AnIntroductiontoEnglishPoetry.1.Whatispoetry?Al12.DefinitionofpoetryPoetryisaliterarygenrethatcommunicatesexperienceinthemostcondensedform.Poetryisamultidimensionallanguage:anintellectualdimension,anemotionald,asensuousd,andanimaginatived.Thesedimensionsworktogethertopassexperiencetothereader.Poetrytriestosaythemostinthefewestpossiblewords.Poetrybeginsindelight,andendsinwisdom.—RobertFrostHewhodrawsnobledelightsfromthesentimentsofpoetryisatruepoet,thoughhehasneverwrittenalineinallhislife.—GeorgeSand.2.DefinitionofpoetryPoetry23.Howtoanalyzepoetry?Asidefromthebasicdemandthatpoetrysayssomething,poetryischaracterizedbythefollowingelements:1)amusicaleffectcreatedbyrhythmandsound;2)apreciseandfreshimagery;3)multiplelevelsofinterpretationssuggestedbytheconnotationsofthewordsandbyallusions..3.Howtoanalyzepoetry?Aside3Danti:DivineComedy《神曲》Milton:

ParadiseLost

《失樂(lè)園》

3)didacticpoem（說(shuō)理詩(shī)）

humorouspoem（幽默詩(shī)）burlesque（滑稽詩(shī)）parody（模仿詩(shī)）

2)NarrativePoems（敘事詩(shī)）

1)LyricalPoems（抒情詩(shī)）4.KindsofPoetryA.Intermsofcontent:ode（頌詩(shī)）elegy（悼念詩(shī)）idyll（田園詩(shī)）lovepoem（愛(ài)情詩(shī)）songs（韻文)ballads（民謠）Epics(史詩(shī))(heroicpoems),DramaticPoems（戲劇詩(shī)：usu.indialogue;inblankverse）,

Metricaltale(故事詩(shī))，ballads（民謠）.Danti:DivineComedy《神曲》Mi4KindsofPoetryB.Intermsofmetre:1)MetricalPoems（格律詩(shī)）RegularRhyme;RegularRhythm;DefiniteNumberofLinesFreeVerse（自由詩(shī)）：不受格律、音韻的約束不講求形式上的整齊或有規(guī)則，不尋求語(yǔ)言上的平衡、華美或高雅，以充分地、盡情地表達(dá)思想為主要目的。IrregularRhymeandRhythm;IrregularNumberofLinesBlankVerse（無(wú)韻詩(shī)）：不押韻，但有音步和格律的限制;傳統(tǒng)的無(wú)韻詩(shī)的節(jié)奏是抑揚(yáng)格五音步，各節(jié)長(zhǎng)短不一，因而有“詩(shī)段”這個(gè)說(shuō)法。WithoutRhyme;WithRhythm.KindsofPoetryB.Inter5rhythm

節(jié)律，韻

---syllablesandstress;音節(jié)與重音Eg.Mylove’slikeared,redrose,That’snewlysprunginJune.

---foot:agroupofsyllables;音步(重音與非重音的一次交替)

(number，positionofthestressedsyllable.)---patternsofthefoot:

iambic(--\)抑揚(yáng)；trochaic(\--)揚(yáng)抑;dactylic(\----)揚(yáng)抑抑;amphibrachic(----\)抑抑揚(yáng);anapestic(--\--)抑揚(yáng)抑

---meter:thenumberoffeet;音步,格律

monometre,dimetre,trimetre,tetrametre,pentametre,…..

---rhythm:regularrecurrenceofstressedandunstressedsyllables.

.rhythm節(jié)律，韻---syllablesand6RhymeanditsschemeRhyme:Inpoetryormusic,astructuralorsemanticpatternformedbytherepetitionofsyllableswithidenticalorsimilarsounds.---alliteration:timeandtide,breadandbutter;----endrhyme

:…boy,…joy……beauty,……duty.---parallelR:aabb;---crossR:abab;---circularR:abba.---inter-rhyme:wearandtear,fairandsquair.RhymeanditsschemeRhyme:In73.Rhythm（節(jié)奏）

Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar,HowIwonderwhatyouare!.3.Rhythm（節(jié)奏）.8ThesunisnotabedwhenIAtnightuponmypillowlie4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）IambicFoot（抑揚(yáng)音步）(IambicTetrametreor4-footIambus)（四步抑揚(yáng)格）.4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）Iam9(AnapaesticTetrametreor4-footAnapaest)（四步抑抑揚(yáng)格）4.Metre（格律）

1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）AnapaesticFoot（抑抑揚(yáng)音步）Thestreamwillnotflow,andthehillwillnotrise,Andthecolourshaveallpassedawayfromhereyes!2)Anapaest（抑抑揚(yáng)格）.(AnapaesticTetrametreor104.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）

2)Anapaest（抑抑揚(yáng)格）TrochaicFoot（揚(yáng)抑音步）Shakeyourchainstoearthlikedew,Whichinsleephadfallenonyou-----Youaremany------theyarefew.(TrochaicTetrametreor4-footTrochee)（四步揚(yáng)抑格）3)Trochee（揚(yáng)抑格）.4.Metre（格律）TrochaicFoot（揚(yáng)抑11DactylicFoot（揚(yáng)抑抑音步）a)Takeheruptenderly,Liftherwithcare;b)Thisisagallopingmeasureahopandatrotandagallop(DactylicHexametreor6-footDactyl)（六步揚(yáng)抑抑格）4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）2)Anapaest（抑抑揚(yáng)格）

3)Trochee（揚(yáng)抑格）4)Dactyl（揚(yáng)抑抑格）(DactylicBi-metre)（兩步揚(yáng)抑抑格）.DactylicFoot（揚(yáng)抑抑音步）a)Take124.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）2)Anapaest（抑抑揚(yáng)格3)Trochee（揚(yáng)抑格）4)Dactyl（揚(yáng)抑抑格）6)Spondee（揚(yáng)揚(yáng)格）7)Pyrric（抑抑格）5)Amphibrach（抑揚(yáng)抑格）ForthedearGodwholovethus

（揚(yáng)揚(yáng)格）（抑抑格）（抑揚(yáng)抑格）.4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）2)135.Foot（音步）Mono-metre（一音步）Bi-metre（二音步）Tri-metre（三音步）Tetrametre（四音步）Pentametre（五音步）Hexametre（六音步）Heptametre（七音步）Octametre（八音步）.5.Foot（音步）Mono-metre（一音步）Bi-146.SoundPatterns（音韻）CVCCVC

CVCCVC

CVCCVC

CVCCVCCVCCVC

Alliteration

（頭韻）Assonance

（準(zhǔn)韻）Para-rhyme（側(cè)韻）Reverse-rhyme（逆韻）

Fullrhyme（完全韻）take

timetakelatetakeliketaketooktaketaletakelakeCVCCVC

CVCCV

C

CVCCVC

CVC

CVCConsonance

（諧韻）CVCCVC

CVCCVC

CVCCVC

.6.SoundPatterns（音韻）CV157.Alliteration:phantomfathom;psychologysimplea)Togiveemphasis:mightandmain;fitasafiddleb)Toconnectideas:Pleasepickuptheprettypinkpillsforpalepeople.c)To

connectactions:Thefighterfledintothefield,and,foremostfighting,fell..7.Alliteration:phantom168.Rhyme:Homefoam

;

chairthereInternalrhyme（行內(nèi)韻:一行內(nèi)有符合押韻規(guī)則的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞；增加詩(shī)的音樂(lè)性，也可使得幾個(gè)詞在意思上聯(lián)系起來(lái)。）IamthedaughteroftheEarthandWater.(Shelley)Weploughandsow---we’resovery,verylow.(ErnestJones)Ah,distinctlyIrememberitasinthebleakDecember.(Poe)

.8.Rhyme:Homefoam;c17IfallbetruethatIdothink.Therearefivereasonsweshoulddrink:c)FeminineRhyme（陰韻:重讀音節(jié)后還有輕讀音節(jié)的詞押韻。）(1)Whatisfame?Anemptybubble.Gold?Atransient,shiningtrouble.(2)Riselikelionsafterslumber,Inunvvanquishablenumber.(3)Oh!yeimmortalGods!whatistheogony?（[θi:??ɡ?ni]

神譜,神統(tǒng)系,記述神的史詩(shī)）Oh!thou,too,mortalman!whatisphilanthropy?b)MasculineRhyme（陽(yáng)韻:單音節(jié)詞和重讀在后的雙音節(jié)或更多音節(jié)的詞押韻。）.IfallbetruethatId18d)MonosyllabicRhyme（單音節(jié)韻）:Hourtour;

nowknow

;

dear

bear;

savehave

e)BisyllabicRhyme（雙音節(jié)韻）:f)TrisyllabicRhyme（三音節(jié)韻）:g)Eyerhyme（眼韻）:I

/fly

;

fool

/rule

;

write

/

fight;

again

/

remain/sustainborrow/sorrow

;

daughter/water

;

conversation

/compensationRoman

/noman

;

know

it

/showitbeautiful

/dutiful

;

think

ofit

/drinkofit.d)MonosyllabicRhyme（單音節(jié)韻）:199.RhymeScheme:1)aabb（連續(xù)韻）:Workwhileyouwork,andplaywhileyouplay,

aForthatisthewaytobehappyandgay.aAllthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,

bThingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.b.9.RhymeScheme:1)aabb（連續(xù)韻）202)abab（交叉韻）:Howdoyouliketogoupinaswing.a

Upintheairsoblue?

bOh,Idothinkitthepleasantestthing

a

Everachildcando!b.2)abab（交叉韻）:Howdoyouli213)abba（首尾韻）:Iholdittrue,whate’erbefall;aIfeelit

whenIsorrowmost;

b’Tisbettertohavelovedandlost

bThannevertohavelovedatall.a.3)abba（首尾韻）:Iholdittru224)abcb（二四韻）:Springisgreen,aSummerisbright,bAutumnisgold,cWinteriswhite.

b

Astanzaisagroupoflines(ofanynumberoflines,mostfrequentlyoffourlines)boundtogetherbyanendrhyme.

ffppt10.Stanza:.4)abcb（二四韻）:Springis2311.Sonnet:1)ItalianSonnet（意大利體十四行詩(shī)）2)SpenserianSonnet（斯賓塞體十四詩(shī)）3)ShakespearianSonnet（莎士比亞體十四行詩(shī)）.11.Sonnet:1)ItalianSonne241)ItalianSonnet(FrancescoPetrarch)Thepoetryofearthisneverdead:aWhenallthebirdsarefaintwiththehotsun,bAndhideincoolingtrees,avoicewillrun

bFromhedgetohedgeaboutthenew-mownmead;

aThatistheGrasshopper’s---hetakestheleadaInsummerluxury,---hehasneverdonebWithhisdelights;forwhentiredoutwithfunbHerestsateasebeneathsomepleasantweed.aThepoetryofearthisceasingnever:cOnalonewinterevening,whenthefrostdHaswroughtasilence,fromthestovethereshrillseTheCricket’ssong,inwarmthincreasingever,

cAndseemstooneindrowsinesshalflost,dTheGrasshopper’samongsomegrassyhills.

eanoctave+asestet.1)ItalianSonnet(Francesco252)SpenserianSonnet(EdmundSpenser)3quatrains+acoupletForloemylovedothinherselfecontainebAllthisworld’srichesthatmayfarrebefound.cIfsaphyres,loehereyesbesaphyresplaine:bIfrubies,loeherlipsberubiessound;

cIfpearls,herteethbepearlsbothpureandround;cIfyvorie,herforeheadyvoryweene;dIfgold,herlocksarefinestgoldonground;c

Ifsilver,herfairhandsaresilversheene.

dButthatwhichfairestis,butfewbehold:eHermind,adornedwithvertuesmanifold.

eYetradefullmerchants,thatwithwearytoyleaDoseekenostpretiousthingstomakeyourgain,

bAndboththeIndiansoftheirtreasuresspoile,aForloemylovedothinherselfecontaine

b.2)SpenserianSonnet(Edmund263)ShakespearianSonnetShakespearSometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,cAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d;dAndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,cBychance,ornature’schangingcourse,untrimm’d.

d3quatrains+acoupletButthyeternalsummershallnotfade,eNorlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st,

fNorshallDeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,e

Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st.

fSolongasmancanbreatheoreyescansee,gSolonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

gShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?

aThouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.

bRoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofmay,

aAndsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate.b.3)ShakespearianSonnetShake27IambicPentametre(5-footIambus)（五步抑揚(yáng)格）ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday

aThouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.bRoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofmay,

aAndsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate.bAnalysis:.IambicPentametre(5-foo28PoemsUnfoldPicturestoReadersWhohasseenwind?NeitherInoryou:ButwhentheleaveshangtremblingThewindispassingthro’.Whohasseenwind?NeitherInoryou:.PoemsUnfoldPicturestoReade291.Whatispoetry?

Aliteraryform

markedwithstanzasWritteninlines

Richimagery

Greatartisticappeal

Beautifulharmony

Compressedcontent

AnIntroductiontoEnglishPoetry.1.Whatispoetry?Al302.DefinitionofpoetryPoetryisaliterarygenrethatcommunicatesexperienceinthemostcondensedform.Poetryisamultidimensionallanguage:anintellectualdimension,anemotionald,asensuousd,andanimaginatived.Thesedimensionsworktogethertopassexperiencetothereader.Poetrytriestosaythemostinthefewestpossiblewords.Poetrybeginsindelight,andendsinwisdom.—RobertFrostHewhodrawsnobledelightsfromthesentimentsofpoetryisatruepoet,thoughhehasneverwrittenalineinallhislife.—GeorgeSand.2.DefinitionofpoetryPoetry313.Howtoanalyzepoetry?Asidefromthebasicdemandthatpoetrysayssomething,poetryischaracterizedbythefollowingelements:1)amusicaleffectcreatedbyrhythmandsound;2)apreciseandfreshimagery;3)multiplelevelsofinterpretationssuggestedbytheconnotationsofthewordsandbyallusions..3.Howtoanalyzepoetry?Aside32Danti:DivineComedy《神曲》Milton:

ParadiseLost

《失樂(lè)園》

3)didacticpoem（說(shuō)理詩(shī)）

humorouspoem（幽默詩(shī)）burlesque（滑稽詩(shī)）parody（模仿詩(shī)）

2)NarrativePoems（敘事詩(shī)）

1)LyricalPoems（抒情詩(shī)）4.KindsofPoetryA.Intermsofcontent:ode（頌詩(shī)）elegy（悼念詩(shī)）idyll（田園詩(shī)）lovepoem（愛(ài)情詩(shī)）songs（韻文)ballads（民謠）Epics(史詩(shī))(heroicpoems),DramaticPoems（戲劇詩(shī)：usu.indialogue;inblankverse）,

Metricaltale(故事詩(shī))，ballads（民謠）.Danti:DivineComedy《神曲》Mi33KindsofPoetryB.Intermsofmetre:1)MetricalPoems（格律詩(shī)）RegularRhyme;RegularRhythm;DefiniteNumberofLinesFreeVerse（自由詩(shī)）：不受格律、音韻的約束不講求形式上的整齊或有規(guī)則，不尋求語(yǔ)言上的平衡、華美或高雅，以充分地、盡情地表達(dá)思想為主要目的。IrregularRhymeandRhythm;IrregularNumberofLinesBlankVerse（無(wú)韻詩(shī)）：不押韻，但有音步和格律的限制;傳統(tǒng)的無(wú)韻詩(shī)的節(jié)奏是抑揚(yáng)格五音步，各節(jié)長(zhǎng)短不一，因而有“詩(shī)段”這個(gè)說(shuō)法。WithoutRhyme;WithRhythm.KindsofPoetryB.Inter34rhythm

節(jié)律，韻

---syllablesandstress;音節(jié)與重音Eg.Mylove’slikeared,redrose,That’snewlysprunginJune.

---foot:agroupofsyllables;音步(重音與非重音的一次交替)

(number，positionofthestressedsyllable.)---patternsofthefoot:

iambic(--\)抑揚(yáng)；trochaic(\--)揚(yáng)抑;dactylic(\----)揚(yáng)抑抑;amphibrachic(----\)抑抑揚(yáng);anapestic(--\--)抑揚(yáng)抑

---meter:thenumberoffeet;音步,格律

monometre,dimetre,trimetre,tetrametre,pentametre,…..

---rhythm:regularrecurrenceofstressedandunstressedsyllables.

.rhythm節(jié)律，韻---syllablesand35RhymeanditsschemeRhyme:Inpoetryormusic,astructuralorsemanticpatternformedbytherepetitionofsyllableswithidenticalorsimilarsounds.---alliteration:timeandtide,breadandbutter;----endrhyme

:…boy,…joy……beauty,……duty.---parallelR:aabb;---crossR:abab;---circularR:abba.---inter-rhyme:wearandtear,fairandsquair.RhymeanditsschemeRhyme:In363.Rhythm（節(jié)奏）

Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar,HowIwonderwhatyouare!.3.Rhythm（節(jié)奏）.37ThesunisnotabedwhenIAtnightuponmypillowlie4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）IambicFoot（抑揚(yáng)音步）(IambicTetrametreor4-footIambus)（四步抑揚(yáng)格）.4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）Iam38(AnapaesticTetrametreor4-footAnapaest)（四步抑抑揚(yáng)格）4.Metre（格律）

1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）AnapaesticFoot（抑抑揚(yáng)音步）Thestreamwillnotflow,andthehillwillnotrise,Andthecolourshaveallpassedawayfromhereyes!2)Anapaest（抑抑揚(yáng)格）.(AnapaesticTetrametreor394.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）

2)Anapaest（抑抑揚(yáng)格）TrochaicFoot（揚(yáng)抑音步）Shakeyourchainstoearthlikedew,Whichinsleephadfallenonyou-----Youaremany------theyarefew.(TrochaicTetrametreor4-footTrochee)（四步揚(yáng)抑格）3)Trochee（揚(yáng)抑格）.4.Metre（格律）TrochaicFoot（揚(yáng)抑40DactylicFoot（揚(yáng)抑抑音步）a)Takeheruptenderly,Liftherwithcare;b)Thisisagallopingmeasureahopandatrotandagallop(DactylicHexametreor6-footDactyl)（六步揚(yáng)抑抑格）4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）2)Anapaest（抑抑揚(yáng)格）

3)Trochee（揚(yáng)抑格）4)Dactyl（揚(yáng)抑抑格）(DactylicBi-metre)（兩步揚(yáng)抑抑格）.DactylicFoot（揚(yáng)抑抑音步）a)Take414.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）2)Anapaest（抑抑揚(yáng)格3)Trochee（揚(yáng)抑格）4)Dactyl（揚(yáng)抑抑格）6)Spondee（揚(yáng)揚(yáng)格）7)Pyrric（抑抑格）5)Amphibrach（抑揚(yáng)抑格）ForthedearGodwholovethus

（揚(yáng)揚(yáng)格）（抑抑格）（抑揚(yáng)抑格）.4.Metre（格律）1)Iambus（抑揚(yáng)格）2)425.Foot（音步）Mono-metre（一音步）Bi-metre（二音步）Tri-metre（三音步）Tetrametre（四音步）Pentametre（五音步）Hexametre（六音步）Heptametre（七音步）Octametre（八音步）.5.Foot（音步）Mono-metre（一音步）Bi-436.SoundPatterns（音韻）CVCCVC

CVCCVC

CVCCVC

CVCCVCCVCCVC

Alliteration

（頭韻）Assonance

（準(zhǔn)韻）Para-rhyme（側(cè)韻）Reverse-rhyme（逆韻）

Fullrhyme（完全韻）take

timetakelatetakeliketaketooktaketaletakelakeCVCCVC

CVCCV

C

CVCCVC

CVC

CVCConsonance

（諧韻）CVCCVC

CVCCVC

CVCCVC

.6.SoundPatterns（音韻）CV447.Alliteration:phantomfathom;psychologysimplea)Togiveemphasis:mightandmain;fitasafiddleb)Toconnectideas:Pleasepickuptheprettypinkpillsforpalepeople.c)To

connectactions:Thefighterfledintothefield,and,foremostfighting,fell..7.Alliteration:phantom458.Rhyme:Homefoam

;

chairthereInternalrhyme（行內(nèi)韻:一行內(nèi)有符合押韻規(guī)則的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞；增加詩(shī)的音樂(lè)性，也可使得幾個(gè)詞在意思上聯(lián)系起來(lái)。）IamthedaughteroftheEarthandWater.(Shelley)Weploughandsow---we’resovery,verylow.(ErnestJones)Ah,distinctlyIrememberitasinthebleakDecember.(Poe)

.8.Rhyme:Homefoam;c46IfallbetruethatIdothink.Therearefivereasonsweshoulddrink:c)FeminineRhyme（陰韻:重讀音節(jié)后還有輕讀音節(jié)的詞押韻。）(1)Whatisfame?Anemptybubble.Gold?Atransient,shiningtrouble.(2)Riselikelionsafterslumber,Inunvvanquishablenumber.(3)Oh!yeimmortalGods!whatistheogony?（[θi:??ɡ?ni]

神譜,神統(tǒng)系,記述神的史詩(shī)）Oh!thou,too,mortalman!whatisphilanthropy?b)MasculineRhyme（陽(yáng)韻:單音節(jié)詞和重讀在后的雙音節(jié)或更多音節(jié)的詞押韻。）.IfallbetruethatId47d)MonosyllabicRhyme（單音節(jié)韻）:Hourtour;

nowknow

;

dear

bear;

savehave

e)BisyllabicRhyme（雙音節(jié)韻）:f)TrisyllabicRhyme（三音節(jié)韻）:g)Eyerhyme（眼韻）:I

/fly

;

fool

/rule

;

write

/

fight;

again

/

remain/sustainborrow/sorrow

;

daughter/water

;

conversation

/compensationRoman

/noman

;

know

it

/showitbeautiful

/dutiful

;

think

ofit

/drinkofit.d)MonosyllabicRhyme（單音節(jié)韻）:489.RhymeScheme:1)aabb（連續(xù)韻）:Workwhileyouwork,andplaywhileyouplay,

aForthatisthewaytobehappyandgay.aAllthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,

bThingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.b.9.RhymeScheme:1)aabb（連續(xù)韻）492)abab（交叉韻）:Howdoyouliketogoupinaswing.a

Upintheairsoblue?

bOh,Idothinkitthepleasantestthing

a

Everachildcando!b.2)abab（交叉韻）:Howdoyouli503)abba（首尾韻）:Iholdittrue,whate’erbefall;aIfeelit

whenIsorrowmost;

b’Tisbettertohavelovedandlost

bThannevertohavelovedatall.a.3)abba（首尾韻）:Iholdittru514)abcb（二四韻）:Springisgreen,aSummerisbright,bAutumnisgold,cWinteriswhite.

b

Astanzaisagroupoflines(ofanynumberoflines,mostfrequentlyoffourlines)boundtogetherbyanendrhyme.

ffppt10.Stanza:.4)abcb（二四韻）:Springis5211.Sonnet:1)ItalianSonnet（意大利體十四行詩(shī)）2)SpenserianSonnet（斯賓塞體十四詩(shī)）3)ShakespearianSonnet（莎士比亞體十四行詩(shī)）.11.Sonnet:1)ItalianSonne531)ItalianSonnet(FrancescoPetrarch)Thepoetryofearthisneverdead:aWhenallthebirdsarefaintwiththehotsun,bAndhideincoolingtrees,avoicewillrun

bFromhedgetohedgeaboutthenew-mownmead;

aThatistheGrasshopper’s---hetakestheleadaInsummerluxury,---hehasneverdonebWithhisdelights;forwhentiredoutwithfunbHerestsateasebeneathsomepleasantweed.aThepoetryofearthisceasingnever:cOnalonewinterevening,whenthefrostdHaswroughtasilence,fromthestovethereshrillseTheCricket’ssong,inwarmthincreasingever,

cAndseemstooneindrowsinesshalflost,dTheGrasshopper’samongsomegrassyhills.

eanoctave+asestet.1)ItalianSonnet(Francesco542)SpenserianSonnet(EdmundSpenser)3quatra