考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句高頻句型詳解附譯文

考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句高頻句型詳解附譯文TheAmericaneconomicsystemis,organizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-oriented-economyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.［參考譯文］美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)是以基本的私有企業(yè)和市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向經(jīng)濟(jì)為架構(gòu)的，在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)中，消費(fèi)者很大程度上通過在市場(chǎng)上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務(wù)付費(fèi)來決定什么應(yīng)該被制造出來.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.［參考譯文］因此，在美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中，個(gè)體消費(fèi)者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤(rùn)的欲望和個(gè)人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結(jié)合，一起決定了什么應(yīng)該被制造，以及資源如何被用來制造它們。（coupledwith與……相結(jié)合）eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothers即使是一個(gè)人群中最有影響力的成員也不會(huì)與那么多的人進(jìn)行互動(dòng)其他成分:WiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey狀語(yǔ)一whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence一定語(yǔ)從句做插入語(yǔ)奧普拉非凡的存在主要是一個(gè)媒體功能的影響，而不是人際關(guān)系的影響參考譯文：研究者的觀點(diǎn)源自于對(duì)社會(huì)影響的簡(jiǎn)單觀察：除了個(gè)別像奧普拉?溫弗瑞這樣的名人，即使是一個(gè)人群中最有影響力的成員也不會(huì)與那么多的人進(jìn)行互動(dòng)。而奧普拉非凡的存在主要是一個(gè)媒體功能的影響,而不是人際關(guān)系的影響。二、Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate"earned"mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends,andacompanymayleverage/zownednmediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.詞匯突破：passionate熱衷于???leverage利用alert通知長(zhǎng)難句解析:Consumersmaycreate"earned"mediaAcompanymayleverage"owned“media其他成分：passionateaboutaproduct熱衷于某一產(chǎn)品定語(yǔ)bywillinglypromotingittofriends狀語(yǔ)bysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite狀語(yǔ)可以通過發(fā)送郵件給其網(wǎng)站的注冊(cè)用戶，提示他們產(chǎn)品和消費(fèi)信息參考譯文:熱衷于某一產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)者，可以通過自愿推薦給朋友的方式,創(chuàng)建免費(fèi)口碑媒體。企業(yè)可以通過發(fā)送郵件給其網(wǎng)站的注冊(cè)用戶，提示他們產(chǎn)品和銷售信息。三、Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.句子不難，并列較多，一個(gè)個(gè)的切分。長(zhǎng)難句解析：researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuit(滿足)theirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanying(隨之而來的)technology.其他成分：Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity狀語(yǔ)參考譯文：在科學(xué)界的復(fù)雜社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中，研究者做出發(fā)現(xiàn);編輯和評(píng)審者控制發(fā)現(xiàn)的發(fā)表過程進(jìn)而扮演著看門人的角色;其他科學(xué)家則使用這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)來滿足自己的需要;最后，公眾包括其他科學(xué)家接受這個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn)及其可能隨之而來的技術(shù)。四、CertainlytheBritainbeyondLondonandthesouth-eastthatMrsMaywantstoconquer—callittheMayanEmpire—islesseconomicallyadvanced.IfitwereacountryitwouldbeaboutasrichasSpain,withaGDPperpersonone-tenthbelowtheEUaverage.參考譯文：當(dāng)然梅姨想要征服的倫敦以外的大不列顛和英國(guó)東南地區(qū)一一稱之為"梅帝國(guó)"吧——經(jīng)濟(jì)沒那么發(fā)達(dá)。如果組成一個(gè)國(guó)家，貧富程度會(huì)和西班牙差不多，人均GDP低于歐盟平均水平十分之一。五、TheWorldHealthOrganisationhasclearedcoffeeofcausingcancer,butadetailedinvestigationhasfoundthatveryhotdrinksmaybelinkedtocanceroftheoesophagus,orgullet.Coffeewasclassifiedasapossiblecauseofcancerin1991,buttheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC),whichispartofWHO,hasnowreconsideredtheevidence.Itcarriedoutadetailedreviewofthemanystudiespublishedonthesubjectandfoundthatcoffeedrinkershavenoreasontoworry.IARCalsoinvestigatedtheherbaldrinkmate,alsoknownaschimarraoorcimarron,whichiswidelyconsumedinSouthAmerica,whereoesophagealcancerismorecommonthaninotherpartsoftheworld.Theexpertsfoundthatmatewasnotacauseofcancer,buttheybelievethetemperatureatwhichitisdrunkprobablyis-andthatotherveryhotdrinkscouldalsobelinkedtooesophagealcancer.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?Somecancersmayberelatedtothetemperatureofgullet.Thecoffeematemaybethecauseofoesophagealcancer.Thereaserchermayfindsomenewevidenceforcimarroncancer.TheWHOmayfindsomenewcauseforthecancer.長(zhǎng)難句解析：Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?看好了四個(gè)都有may!Somecancersmayberelatedtothetemperatureofgullet.文章中說的是:thetemperatureofdrink!偷換！Thecoffeematemaybethecauseofoesophagealcancer.應(yīng)該是飲品的溫度！Thereaserchermayfindsomenewevidenceforcimarroncancer.cimarroncancer我都不知道這是什么癌癥!是我拼湊的！TheWHOmayfindsomenewcauseforthecancer.somenewcause=thetemperatureofdrink!同意替換!模糊替換!完美!所以D是正確選項(xiàng)！六、Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing"progressive/1orleft-liberalpropaganda.詞匯突破：athome熟悉的，盛行propaganda宣傳工具progressive激進(jìn)的長(zhǎng)難句解析：AhasbeenreplacedbyB.A=thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampusB二theuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing"progressive,11orleft-liberalpropaganda.參考譯文：令人感傷的是，曾經(jīng)在大學(xué)校園里流行并盛行被探究精神,被“使用人文和社會(huì)科學(xué)作為推行漸進(jìn)的或者左派自由的宣傳之工具〃所代替。七、Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarketsandself-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.長(zhǎng)難句解析：ProfessorsroutinelytreatAasB（認(rèn)為A是B）while但是ProfessorsportrayCasD（認(rèn)為C是D）A=theprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyB=thepropersubjectofstudyC=thepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas--suchasfreemarketsandself-reliance一D=fallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutineintellectualinvestigation,andsometimesfallingoutsidetheboundariesoflegitimateintellectualinvestigation.參考譯文:今天的教授們通常會(huì)把對(duì)于歷史的進(jìn)步的解讀已經(jīng)漸進(jìn)的公共政策作為恰當(dāng)?shù)难芯繉?duì)象;而認(rèn)為保守的或者是經(jīng)典的自由主義比如自由市場(chǎng)或者自我的依賴，是在常規(guī)的知識(shí)探究范疇之外東西，有時(shí)甚至認(rèn)為其是在正當(dāng)?shù)闹R(shí)探究范疇外的東西。、Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.詞匯突破：bevalidatedby為所證實(shí)dependsupon取決于reliability可靠性appropriateness適應(yīng)性interpreted解釋長(zhǎng)難句解析：AdependsuponBandonCA取決于B和C;A=Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformance這些測(cè)試在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)B二theamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationused所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適應(yīng)性C=wisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.解釋這些信息的技能和才智參考譯文：這些測(cè)試在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適應(yīng)性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。f,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscostzthiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.［參考譯文］另一方面，如果大量制造某種商品導(dǎo)致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加賣方和制造商能提供的供給，而這也就會(huì)反過來降低價(jià)格,并允許更多的消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品。IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.［參考譯文］在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的概念不僅包含對(duì)生產(chǎn)資源的所有權(quán)，也指其他一些特定的權(quán)利，如確定一個(gè)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和與另一個(gè)私人個(gè)體（經(jīng)濟(jì)單位）自由簽訂合同的權(quán)利。［embrace擁抱；欣然接受：包括】Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployersarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.［參考譯文］同時(shí)這些計(jì)算機(jī)記錄下哪些時(shí)間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應(yīng)地做出人員人事安排。而且它們（計(jì)算機(jī)）也能為促銷活動(dòng)找到那些擁有優(yōu)先權(quán)的顧客。［personnelandstaffingassignments人員人事安排】【promotionalcampaigns促銷活動(dòng)】［accordingly相應(yīng)地】Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.［參考譯文］不計(jì)其數(shù)的其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，從劇院到雜志出版商，從公用燃?xì)怆娏υO(shè)施到牛奶處理廠，都通過計(jì)算機(jī)的使用給消費(fèi)者帶來更好、更有效率的服務(wù)。Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.［參考譯文］殘疾兒童在許多關(guān)鍵方面都與其同齡人不同。為了讓這些孩子發(fā)展其全部的成人后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應(yīng)這些不同。［Exceptionalchildren殘疾兒童】［somesignificantway關(guān)鍵方面】Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.［參考譯文］在過去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對(duì)殘疾兒童的巨大關(guān)注表明了我們社會(huì)中的一種中強(qiáng)烈的情緒，那就是：所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應(yīng)享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機(jī)會(huì)?！総hegreatinterestin對(duì)于……的巨大關(guān)注】Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.［參考譯文］它（廣告）能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價(jià)格被迅速分銷出去，因此可以（使公司）建立一個(gè)堅(jiān)固的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，同時(shí)也使以具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格提供出口變得可能。［thereby因此】【atcompetitiveprices以具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格】Apartfromthefactthat27actsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertisingznoregularadvertiserdarepromoteproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.［參考譯文］除去議會(huì)有27件法案來規(guī)范廣告的條件，沒有任何一個(gè)正式的廣告商敢于推銷一種商品卻不能兌現(xiàn)其在廣告中的承諾。Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformationandthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolorofashirtissubtlypersuasive-advertisingwoundbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.［參考譯文］如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就廣告而言，如果這不是完全不可能達(dá)到的，也是非常難做的，因?yàn)榧幢闶且粋€(gè)諸如襯衫的顏色的選擇這樣的細(xì)節(jié)都會(huì)具有微妙的說服意味，那么廣告就會(huì)如此地乏味以至于沒有人會(huì)關(guān)注它。Theworkerswhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage-alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.［參考譯文］得到了升遷的工人們，成績(jī)進(jìn)步的學(xué)生，學(xué)會(huì)了一門新語(yǔ)言的外國(guó)人一一這些都是那些有可衡量的結(jié)果所顯示其努力的人們的例證。Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.［參考譯文］隨著家庭離開他們?cè)瓉矸€(wěn)定的社區(qū)，離開他們多年的朋友和擴(kuò)展的家庭關(guān)系，非正式的信息流動(dòng)被切斷了，隨之而去的是對(duì)在需要時(shí)能獲得可靠和值得信賴的信息的信心。Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time-consuming,andsometimesevenoverwhelming.［參考譯文］現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人能夠得到的信息比任何時(shí)代的人都多，而找到與他/她的特定問題相關(guān)的那一點(diǎn)信息的任務(wù)不僅復(fù)雜、耗時(shí)，有時(shí)甚至令人難以招。Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.［參考譯文］通過遠(yuǎn)程會(huì)議，專家知識(shí)可以在全世界范圍內(nèi)被分享，而被爭(zhēng)論的問題能夠得到解決，同時(shí)相關(guān)人員也不必離開他們的家庭或工作跑到一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的開會(huì)地點(diǎn)?！緀xpertise專門知識(shí)：專家的評(píng)價(jià)】Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirBtypefellows.［參考譯文］現(xiàn)在這種讓孩子們和其同學(xué)或時(shí)間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的熱情導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)雙層結(jié)構(gòu)，在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)里面善于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的A類好像在某個(gè)方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour\reasonablyconnectedmanner.［參考譯文］在跟你談話的時(shí)候，可能成為你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和其他資格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的\商品\和能力一定要以一種有條不紊而且合情合理的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的方式被展示出來。TheCorporationwillsurviveasapubliclyfundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itss