表語從句詳解

..表語從句詳解一、概念表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句.放在系動詞之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+系動詞+表語從句可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等.可以接表語從句的系動詞有：1.be〔being,been,am,is,are,was,were>2.feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell3.

stand

,

lie

,

remain

,keep,

stay

4.

become

,get

,

grow

,

turn

,go

,come,

run,

fall

5.

prove,

turn

outThetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困難是我們資金短缺.ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因.Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.當(dāng)時,我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞：從屬連詞that、whether、asthough、asif〔That引導(dǎo)表語從句時,在口語中,間或可以省略.關(guān)系代詞who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等.由從屬連詞that,whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句.that在引導(dǎo)表語從句時無詞義,而whether有詞義,意為、是否.這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞,如question<問題>,trouble<麻煩>,problem<問題>,result<結(jié)果>,chance<可能性>,suggestion<建議>,idea<想法>,reason<理由>等.表語從句對主句主語進(jìn)行說明、解釋,使主語的內(nèi)容具體化.例如：Thetroubleis<that>shehaslosthismoney.麻煩的事是他丟了錢.Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋.Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了.Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.我們不能理解越來越少的學(xué)生對他的課不感興趣.由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句.關(guān)系代詞who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引導(dǎo)表語從句,在句中作主語、賓語、表語,關(guān)系代詞不能省略.例如：Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.問題是我們哪一個應(yīng)該去.Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.問題是誰能做這項工作.That'swhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在擔(dān)心的事.That'swhatweshoulddo.那是我們應(yīng)該做的.由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句.關(guān)系副詞when,where,how,why除在句子起連接作用外,在從句中還充當(dāng)時間,地點,方式或原因狀語,本身具有詞義.例如：Goandgetyourcoat.It'swhereyouleftit.去把雨衣拿來.就在你原來放的地方.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我們既沒傘也沒雨衣,這是我們淋濕的原因.Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的.Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.那就是他所擔(dān)心的.由連詞because,asif/asthough等引導(dǎo)的表語從句.Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起來好像要下雪了.That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.這是因為我們從未想過此事.Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowtheanswer.好像他不知道答案.注意A.表語從句一定要用陳述語序.False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.B.不可以用if,而用whether連接表語從句<asif例外.引導(dǎo)賓語從句時可以互換if/whether位于介詞后要用whether位于句首時要用whether.引導(dǎo)表語從句,主語從句,同位語從句時要用whether.False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.C.不像賓語從句,在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中,主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致.Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.D.that在表語從句中不可以省掉.基本用法表語從句只能置于主句之后,而主句的動詞只能是聯(lián)系動詞.名詞性從句在be等系動詞后作表語時被稱為表語從句例如：Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西.<how在表語從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語>ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.這把剪刀不是我所需要的.<what在表語從句中充當(dāng)賓語>WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本.<what在主語從句中作直接賓語,that作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,不能省略>ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要對你講的.<what在表語從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語>Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考試不及格的原因.<why在表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語>WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本.<what在主語從句中作直接賓語,that作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,不能省略>ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要對你講的.<what在表語從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語>Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考試不及格的原因.<why在表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語>注意Thatiswhy...是常用句型,意為這就是??的原因/因此??,其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語,該句型通常用于針對前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié),又如：Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow,Jeanne.珍妮,這就是現(xiàn)在這個老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因.<前文提到Jeanne對老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異,說話人對她講述了其中的原因之后,用這一句來進(jìn)行概括>.ThatiswhyIcame.這就是我來的原因.下面是兩個與Thatiswhy...形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu),它們與Thatiswhy...結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚：<1>Thatiswhy...與Thatisthereasonwhy...同義,只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講,Thatisthereasonwhy...中why引導(dǎo)的是—個定語從句,將其中的thereason去掉則與Thatiswhy...結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,例如：Thatis<thereason>whyIcannotagree.這就是我不能同意的理由.<2>Thatisbecause...句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語,這也是個常用句型,意為這就是為什么??/因為??.Thatisbecause...與Thatiswhy...之間的不同在于Thatisbecause...指原因或理由,Thatiswhy...則指由于各種原因所造成的后果,例如：Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影,那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè).<第一句話說明結(jié)果,第二句話說明原因>Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看過那部電影,因此他昨天晚上沒有去看.<第一句話說明原因,第二句話說明結(jié)果>表語從句與賓語從句的關(guān)系賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句.其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同.故充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句,充當(dāng)表語的句子叫表語從句.賓語從句<1>對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點

①語序:從句的語序必須是陳述句語序,即主語+謂語這種形式.

②時態(tài):當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候,從句可以是任何時態(tài),而當(dāng)主句是一般過去時的時候,從句,從句時態(tài)必須是過去時范圍的時態(tài),即<一般過去時,過去進(jìn)行時,過去完成時,過去將來時>.

③連接詞:當(dāng)從句意思完整,主句意思肯定時,連接詞用that,且可以省去,當(dāng)從句意思完整,主句意思不確定或含否定含意時,常用if或whether<是否>,當(dāng)從句意思不完整時,連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞.表語從句在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句,位于主句系動詞的后面.表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同.也是名詞性從句的一種.如：Whatthepolicewanttoknowiswhenyouenteredredtheroom警察想知道的是你什么時候進(jìn)的房間.Thetroubleisthatweareshortoffunds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金.Thisiswhatweshoulddo這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的.注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序,即陳述語序.asif,asthough,because也可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句.Sheseemsasifshehaddoneagreatthing她看起來好像做了一件大事.Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch是因為你吃得太多了.單項選擇1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2．Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere4．Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what7.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough9.—Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill11.—Hewasbornhere.--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how12.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why13．_______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyouB.That；howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；howyouare14.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat15.Americawas__________wasfirstcalledIndiabyColumbus.A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere16.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_________.A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe17.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.A.What…thatB.That…whatC.What…whatD.That…what18.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such19—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff？A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where20.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show21.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas______wedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what22.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s_____.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited23.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich句子翻譯1.這就是我想做的___________________________________________________________________________________2.這房子正是他最需要的東西._________________________________________________________________________3.這就是Henry怎樣解決問題的________________________________________________________________________4.問題是誰能完成這項困難的任務(wù)_______________________________________________________________________5.今天討論的話題是未來的學(xué)校會是怎樣的________________________________________________________________6.他遲到的原因是交通擁堵._____________________________________________________________________________7.事實是他對我撒謊了.__________________________________________________________________________________8.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_____________________________________________.<disagree>你一直說每個人應(yīng)該是平等的這就是我不同意之處.9.Yourcoatisstill_______________________________________________.<where>你的外套仍然在你放的地方.10.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.Thatis_________________________________________through.<get>我既沒有雨衣也沒有雨傘.這就是為什么我全身被淋濕的原因.11.Itsounds____________________________________________________thedoor.<asif>聽起來好像某人正在敲門.12.Itseems______________________________interestedinHenry.<become>好像倫敦所有人都變得對亨瑞感興趣.13.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas_____________________________________________________theWaterPark.<visit>上一次我們玩得很開心的時候是我們正在參觀水族公園的時候.that/what的區(qū)別1．_______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyouB.That；howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；howyouare2.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.

what

B.

that

C.

how

D.

why

that

3.

America

was

__________was

first

called

India

by

Columbus.

A.

what

B.

where

C.

the

place

D.

there

where

4.

China

is

becoming

stronger

and

stronger.

It

is

no

longer_________

.

A.

what

it

used

to

be

B.

what

it

was

used

to

being

C.

what

it

used

to

being

D.

what

it

was

used

to

be

5.

________he

really

means

is

________he

disagrees

withus.

A.

What

…

that

B.

That

…

what

C.

What

…

what

D.

That

…

what

6.

The

energy

is

________

makes

the

cells

able

to

do

their

work.

A.

that

B.

which

C.

what

D.

such

系動詞分類：一、根據(jù)系動詞后所跟結(jié)構(gòu),我們可以把英語系動詞分為兩大類：完全系動詞〔其后只能跟表語的動詞,如be,seem和半系動詞〔其后既可跟表語作系動詞用法,也可跟賓語或狀語作實義動詞用,如look例如：1Helookedsadlyattheboy.<看著,實義動詞用法>Helooksacleverboy.〔看起來,系動詞用法2Helooksatacleverboy.〔看著,實義動詞用法在英語中,某一動詞是多義詞,既有實義動詞用法,又有系動詞用法.二、根據(jù)系動詞的意義,我們把英語系動詞分為四類：A．五大感官系動詞B．狀態(tài)系動詞C．動態(tài)系動詞D．雙謂語系動詞A．五大感官系動詞,描述一種感官性質(zhì).由實義感官動詞變化而來,都是半系動詞.1．look看起來像是,后接adj.、n.、分詞、介詞短語、不定式等.Thegirlbitherlipsandlookedthoughtful.這位女孩咬著嘴唇,看上去若有所思.2．smell聞起來,后接adj.分詞.Theflowerssmellsweet.這些花氣味真香.3．sound聽起來,后接adj.\分詞.Themusicsoundssweet.這首詩聽起來真悅耳.4．taste嘗起來,后接adj.\分詞.Theapplestasteverygood.這些蘋果很好吃.5．Feel

①摸起來,給……感覺；②覺得,后接adj./p.p.Youwillfeelbetterafteranight’ssleep.睡上一晚,你會覺得好些.B．狀態(tài)系動詞：1．be,是,屬完全系動詞.Iamastudent.我是一個學(xué)生.2．seem,似乎,好像,完全系動詞.Theyseemquitehappy.他們似乎很快樂.3．a(chǎn)ppear,顯得,看起來好像,半系動詞.Itappeared<tobe>atruestory.看來這是一個真實的故事.4．keep,保持……的狀態(tài),半系動詞,后接adj或介詞短語.You’dbettergotobedandkeepwarm.你最好躺在床上去暖和一下.5．remain,仍是,半系動詞.Iremainedsilent.我仍然緘默.6．stay保持〔某種狀態(tài),半系動詞,后接adj.、過去分詞.Tve證明是,半系動詞,后接adj.\n.Thetreatmentprovedtobesuccessful.這種療法證明是成功的.C．動態(tài)系動詞：都屬于半系動詞,描述狀態(tài)變化過程.1．get變成,變得……起來,后可接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語.Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.白天變得越來越長了.2．fall進(jìn)入〔某種狀態(tài),成為,后常接以下形容詞：asleep,

lame,

silent,

ill,

sick,

flat.

Theoldmen,unabletoexpresshimself,fellsilent.那位老人說不清自己的意思,就不做聲了.Myfatherfellillanddied.我的父親生病死了.3．grow漸漸變得……起來,長得It’sgrowingwarm.天氣漸漸暖和起來了.4．turn轉(zhuǎn)變成〔新的與原來完全不同的色彩或性質(zhì),變質(zhì)〔色.Mapletreesturnredinautumn.楓葉在秋天變紅了.It

was

cloudy

this

morning,

but

fortunately

it

has

turned

fine.

今天早上是陰天,幸好已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)晴了.5．go,變成〔某種壞的狀態(tài)Thetelephonehasgonedead.電話不通了.Thematerialhasgoneafunnycolour.這料子的顏色變得奇怪了.go之后常接的adj.還有：bad,blind,wild,wrong,sour,hard,hungry,mad,red,with,

anger,

white,

pale,

blue,

grey.

6．become變成,成為〔好壞均可的情況Ibecameinterestedindrawing.我開始對素描感興趣了.Hebecameangrywithme.他對我生氣了.Theybecamegoodfriends.他們成了好朋友.7．come,變成為〔已知的狀態(tài),證實為,后常接形容詞或前綴un-的過去分詞作表語,表示狀態(tài)或情況的變化.Hiswishtobecomeapilothascometrue.他想當(dāng)飛行員的愿望實現(xiàn)了.Ifyoulookintothematter,everythingwillcomeclear.如果你調(diào)查一下這事,一切都會清楚.后面常接的形容詞還有：apart,dear〔昂貴,natural,open,short,right〔好了,unstuck〔沒有粘住,untied〔松開.8．run,變成,后接adj.Thepriceranhigh.價格上升了.9．make,達(dá)到某種狀態(tài)[后接形容詞],如sure,certain,merry,bold,freeWemustmakecertainoffacts.我們一定要弄清事實.D．雙謂語系動詞此類系動詞既有系動詞的功能,后接表語,又保留原實義動詞本身的含義.例如：Therunrosered.太陽升起紅艷艷.Shestoppedandstoodquitestill.她停下來然后一絲不動地站著.Thesnowlaythickontheground.雪厚厚地堆積在地上.Hemarriedyoung.他結(jié)婚很早.LeiFengdiedyoung.雷鋒早逝.Hecontinuedsilent.他繼續(xù)沉默不語.系動詞單項選擇題

①Thestorysounds_________________<MET89>A.tobetrueB.astrueC.beingtrueD.true②Thoseorangestaste__________<MET91>A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell③---Areyoufeeling________?---Yes,I’mfinenow/<NMET92>A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter④----CanIjointheclub,Dad.----You

can

when

you

_________a

bit

older.<NMET

94>

A.

get

B.

will

get

C.

get

D.

will

have

got

⑤---Doyoulikethematerial?----Yes,it_______verysoft.<NMET94>A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt⑥IlovetogototheseasideonSummer.It_____goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.<NMET96>A.

does

B.

feels

C.

gets

D.

makes

⑦Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_______bythehour.<NMET98>A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay⑧Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill_____forseveraldays.<NMET2003A.

be

stayed

B.

stay

C.

be

staying

D.

have

stayed

系動詞鞏固練習(xí)①Whatyouhavesaid_______.A．issoundedinterestingBsoundsinterestingC．soundinterestedD．listensinter