考研考博-英語-上海行健職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海行健職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

（

）boththelargestandnorthernmoststateintheUnitedStates,Alaskahasthe

smallestpopulation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Despitebeing

B.Despiteitis

C.Despitethat

D.Inspitebeing

【答案】A

【解析】句意:雖然阿拉斯加州是美國最大且位置最靠北的州，但是人口卻是最少的。

語法題?？疾楝F(xiàn)在分詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句。分析題干跟選項(xiàng)可知,空格處表示讓步“盡管”,句子后半句為主句,所以前半句為be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。故選A。

2.單選題

Tom’s（）ishighinthenetworknewsbusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trump

B.game

C.stock

D.dot

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)trump“王牌，法寶，喇叭”；B選項(xiàng)game“游戲，比賽，獵物，野味”；C選項(xiàng)stock“股份，股票，庫存，血統(tǒng)，樹干，家畜”；D選項(xiàng)dot“點(diǎn)，圓點(diǎn)，嫁妝”。句意：湯姆在網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞業(yè)務(wù)中所占有的股份比例很高。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.案例題

InReadingPassageIthereareseveralsections.Choosethemostsuitableheading(I-IX)fromtheboxbelowwhichbestmatchestheSectionsA-G.

NOTE:Thesearemoreheadingsthansectionssoyouwillnotuseallofthem.Youmayuseanyoftheheadingsmorethanonce.

ListofHeadings

ⅠApositiveaspectofhacking

ⅡTougherpunishmentsforhackers

ⅢResponsetoInternetsecurity

ⅣGrowthoftheInternet

ⅤResponsibilitiesofmanagers

ⅥHackersVsadministrators

ⅦDifficultyofdetection

ⅧGovernmentagencies

ⅨCommonsecuritymeasure

Example:

ParagraphAAnswerIV

1.ParagraphB（）

2.ParagraphC（）

3.ParagraphD（）

4.ParagraphE（）

5.ParagraphF（）

6.ParagraphG（）

【答案】1.VI

2.III

3.Ⅸ

4.Ⅱ

5.I

6.Ⅶ

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第三段，“the‘worm’wasintroducedontheInternettoinvade,attackandreplicateitselfonthenetwork.”，可知“蠕蟲”病毒被引入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上入侵、攻擊和復(fù)制自己，下文繼續(xù)提到了CERT小組來應(yīng)對(duì)病毒的入侵?？膳袛喑鯞段的主要內(nèi)容為黑客和管理者。選項(xiàng)VI符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第四段，“OneoftheproblemswithInternetsecurityisthefactthattheincidentsareincreasinginsophistication.”，可知本段主要討論的是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的安全問題，緊接著下文提到了對(duì)這個(gè)問題一系列的回應(yīng)?？膳袛喑鯟段的內(nèi)容為對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全問題的回應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)III符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第五段，“Thethingtorememberwithsecurityisthatthesystemadministrationsmustgetitrightallthetime”，可知對(duì)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的安全問題，系統(tǒng)管理人員必須保持準(zhǔn)確?？膳袛喑鯠段對(duì)于安全問題提出了常見的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。選項(xiàng)Ⅸ符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第六段，“TheninJuly2002,theHouseofrepresentativesapprovedtheCyberSecurityEnhancementAct.Nowifacybercrimeresultsinthedeathofanindividual,theoffendercouldfacealifesentence.”，可知在2002年7月，眾議院通過了《網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全加強(qiáng)法案》?，F(xiàn)在，如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪導(dǎo)致個(gè)人死亡，犯罪者可能面臨終身監(jiān)禁。結(jié)合整段內(nèi)容，可判斷出E段的主要內(nèi)容為對(duì)黑客的懲罰。選項(xiàng)Ⅱ符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第七段，“someex-hackersusingtheirextensiveknowledgeandexperiencetojoinforceswithsecurityforcestoaidthefightagainstterrorism.”，可知一些前黑客利用他們廣泛的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)與安全部隊(duì)合作，協(xié)助打擊恐怖主義。可判斷出F段的主要內(nèi)容為黑客積極的一面。選項(xiàng)I符合題意。

6.根據(jù)文章第八段，“evenwiththeincreasedthethreatsofpunishment,computervirusesandincidentsofhackingcontinuetobewidespread.”，可知即使受到懲罰的強(qiáng)度增加，計(jì)算機(jī)病毒和黑客事件仍然普遍存在?？膳袛喑鯣段作者想要表達(dá)的意思是對(duì)黑客事件檢測的困難性。選項(xiàng)Ⅶ符合題意。

4.單選題

Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever（）achancetopracticehisChinese.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.passedon

B.passedup

C.passedby

D.passedout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。passedon“傳遞；去世”；passedup“拒絕；向上遞”；passedby“經(jīng)過”；passedout“暈倒；分發(fā)”，根據(jù)句意可知此處表達(dá)的是他抓住了任何一個(gè)可以練習(xí)中文的機(jī)會(huì)，此處只有選擇passedup，取其“拒絕”的意思才能使整個(gè)句子表達(dá)通暢。句意：在他在中國待的兩個(gè)月時(shí)間里，他從未……任何一個(gè)練習(xí)中文的機(jī)會(huì)。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

5.單選題

Contemporaryofficetechnologyrequiressoftwareorprogramstocarryoutcomplicatedinformationprocessingactivities.Referencestosoftwareusuallyindicateasetofinstructions.Abroaderapplicationofthetermincludesanynohardwareelementofacomputersystem:programs,writtendocumentationtoaccompanyprograms,flowcharts,andusermanuals,forexample.Thelatteruseofthetermisrare.

Softwareisnowavailablefromavarietyofsources:hardwaremanufacturersandvendors,softwarehouses(firmsthatdevelopandmarketsoftware),andstaffprogrammers(userdevelopedsoftware).Officesupplyhouses,computershops,andevenbookstoresmarketpackagedsoftwareforthemicrocomputermarket.

Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdevelopingtheirownsoftwareorusingsoftwaredevelopedbycomputermanufacturestoperformtheinformationprocessingactivitiesdesiredformthecomputersystem.Usersofmediumtolargescalecomputersystem.Stillrelyheavilyonprogramsdeveloped,tested,andperfectedbytheirownprogrammers.

Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturersorvendorshavetraditionallyincludedsoftwarewiththesystempackage,sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.Thesepackageshaverepresentedsignificantportionsofthepurchasesorleasepriceofsystems.

Themicrocomputerrevolutionintheearly1980sbroughtwithittheconceptofthecommercialsoftwarepublisher(softwarehouse).Companieswereformedtoengageinwritingandmarketingsoftwareforalltypesandsizesofcomputers,butthoseproducingsoftwareformicrocomputerswereespeciallynumerous.Majorhardwaremanufacturersbegantomarketsoftwareproducedbythesesoftwarespecialistswiththesystems.Thequalityoftheprogramsandinstructionalmaterialsthataccompaniedthemwasfrequentlypoor.Becauseoftheeasewithwhichuserscouldduplicatesoftware,softwarepricesremainedhigh.Yet,thesehighpriceswerefrequentlypreferabletothecostofprogramsdevelopedinhouse.Experienceandcompetitionhaveincreasedaqualityofbothprogramsandinstructionalmaterials.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themostcommonlyuseddefinitionofsoftwareis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturers（）.

4.Sincethemicrocomputerrevolutionintheearly1980s,（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicatedinformationprocessingactivities

B.anynohardwareelementofacomputersystem

C.asetofinstructions

D.flowchartsandusermanuals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Nowhardwaremanufacturersalsodevelopandmarketsoftware.

B.Earlycomputerusershadnochoicebuttodeveloptheirownsoftware.

C.Softwareisnowavailableforthemicrocomputeruserevenfrombookstores.

D.Earlycomputermanufacturersalsodevelopedandmarketedsoftware.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.relyheavilyonsoftwaredevelopedbytheircustomers

B.usedtoincludesoftwarewiththesystempackage

C.canmakechangesforsoftwaretomeetcustomerneeds

D.selltheirsystempackagesatverylowprices

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.commercialsoftwarepublishershavegraduallydisappeared

B.majorhardwaremanufacturerbegantodeveloptheirownsoftware

C.manycompaniesstoppedthedevelopmentofsoftwareforlargecomputers

D.therehavebeennumerouschoicesofsoftwareformicrocomputerusers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itwillcostagreatdealmoreforcomputeruserstodeveloptheirownsoftwarethanbuyit

B.softwarepricesremainedhighbecauseitwasnoteasytodevelopanysoftware

C.itisverydifficultforuserstoduplicatesoftware

D.softwarehaslongbeenofhighqualityduetoexperienceandcompetition

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第二句Referencestosoftwareusuallyindicateasetofinstructions.（對(duì)軟件的引用通常表示一組指令。）因此可以看出最常見的定義就是一組指令，C選項(xiàng)“一組指令”正確。A選項(xiàng)“復(fù)雜的信息處理活動(dòng)”，在第一段的第一句Contemporaryofficetechnologyrequiressoftwareorprogramstocarryoutcomplicatedinformationprocessingactivities.（現(xiàn)代辦公技術(shù)需要軟件或程序來進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的信息處理活動(dòng)。）它并不是軟件的定義；B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的任何非硬件元素”和D選項(xiàng)“流程圖和用戶手冊(cè)”，在第一段Abroaderapplicationofthetermincludes...forexample.Thelatteruseofthetermisrare.（這個(gè)術(shù)語的更廣泛的應(yīng)用包括計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的任何硬件元素：例如程序、伴隨程序的書面文檔、流程圖和用戶手冊(cè)。后一種用法很少見。）但是原文說了這一種用法很少見，因此錯(cuò)誤。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段第一句話Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdeveloping...formthecomputersystem.（早期計(jì)算機(jī)用戶的想法是開發(fā)自己的軟件或使用計(jì)算機(jī)制造商開發(fā)的軟件來執(zhí)行所需的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)信息處理活動(dòng)。）因此B選項(xiàng)“早期的計(jì)算機(jī)用戶別無選擇，只能開發(fā)自己的軟件”是不正確的。A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在硬件制造商也開發(fā)和銷售軟件”，在第二段的第一句Softwareisnowavailablefromavarietyofsources:hardwaremanufacturersandvendors,softwarehouses(firmsthatdevelopandmarketsoftware),andstaffprogrammers(userdevelopedsoftware).軟件現(xiàn)在可以從各種來源獲得：硬件制造商和供應(yīng)商、軟件公司（開發(fā)和銷售軟件的公司）和職員程序員（用戶開發(fā)軟件）。A項(xiàng)正確；C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在微機(jī)用戶甚至可以從書店買到軟件”，在第二段的第二句Officesupplyhouses,computershops,andevenbookstoresmarketpackagedsoftwareforthemicrocomputermarket.（辦公用品店、電腦店，甚至?xí)甓枷蛭C(jī)市場出售打包的軟件。）C選項(xiàng)正確；D選項(xiàng)“早期的計(jì)算機(jī)制造商也開發(fā)和銷售軟件”，在第三段的第一句Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdevelopingtheirownsoftwareorusingsoftwaredevelopedbycomputermanufacturestoperformtheinformationprocessingactivitiesdesiredformthecomputersystem.（早期計(jì)算機(jī)用戶的想法是開發(fā)自己的軟件或使用計(jì)算機(jī)制造商開發(fā)的軟件來執(zhí)行所需的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)信息處理活動(dòng)。）可見之前的制造商也開發(fā)并銷售軟件，D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句話Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturersorvendorshavetraditionallyincludedsoftwarewiththesystempackage,sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.（大型到中型計(jì)算機(jī)制造商或供應(yīng)商傳統(tǒng)上在系統(tǒng)包中包括軟件，有時(shí)提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以滿足用戶的需要。）因此B選項(xiàng)“過去常常在系統(tǒng)包中包含軟件”正確。A選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重依賴客戶開發(fā)的軟件”，在倒數(shù)第三段的最后一句話Stillrelyheavilyonprogramsdeveloped,tested,andperfectedbytheirownprogrammers.（仍然嚴(yán)重依賴由他們自己的程序員開發(fā)、測試和完善的程序。）依賴的是程序員開發(fā)的軟件而不是客戶；C選項(xiàng)“可以對(duì)軟件進(jìn)行更改以滿足客戶的需求”，在倒數(shù)第二段的第一句sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.（有時(shí)提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以滿足用戶的需要。）可以看出只是偶爾會(huì)這么做；D選項(xiàng)“以很低的價(jià)格出售他們的系統(tǒng)軟件包”，這個(gè)是文章沒有給出具體說法的。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第一段第二句話Companieswereformedtoengageinwritingandmarketingsoftwareforalltypesandsizesofcomputers,butthoseproducingsoftwareformicrocomputerswereespeciallynumerous.（公司的成立是為了從事為各種類型和大小的計(jì)算機(jī)編寫和銷售軟件，但是那些為微型計(jì)算機(jī)生產(chǎn)軟件的公司尤其多。）因此可以看出在微機(jī)革命之后，關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的公司增多了，D選項(xiàng)“微型計(jì)算機(jī)用戶有許多軟件可供選擇”正確。A選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)軟件出版商已經(jīng)逐漸消失”，原文并沒有說它消失了；B選項(xiàng)“主要的硬件制造商開始開發(fā)自己的軟件”，文章沒有具體提到這點(diǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“許多公司停止了大型計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的開發(fā)”，文章沒有提及。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位在文章最后一段Yet,thesehighpriceswerefrequentlypreferabletothecostofprogramsdevelopedinhouse.Experienceandcompetitionhaveincreasedaqualityofbothprogramsandinstructionalmaterials.（然而，這些高的價(jià)格往往是更可取的程序開發(fā)的內(nèi)部成本。經(jīng)驗(yàn)和競爭提高了課程和教學(xué)材料的質(zhì)量。）也就是說明這些軟件的開發(fā)主要都是難在經(jīng)驗(yàn)上，因此人們自己去開發(fā)的成本是會(huì)非常大的，A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)用戶開發(fā)自己的軟件比購買軟件的成本要高得多”正確。B選項(xiàng)“軟件價(jià)格居高不下是因?yàn)殚_發(fā)任何軟件都不容易”，太籠統(tǒng)，不夠具體；C選項(xiàng)“用戶很難復(fù)制軟件”，根據(jù)最后一段Becauseoftheeasewithwhichuserscouldduplicatesoftware,softwarepricesremainedhigh.（由于用戶可以很容易地復(fù)制軟件，軟件的價(jià)格仍然很高。）可以發(fā)現(xiàn)用戶復(fù)制軟件并不難；D選項(xiàng)“由于經(jīng)驗(yàn)和競爭，軟件長期以來一直是高質(zhì)量的”，在最后一段的倒數(shù)第四句Thequalityoftheprogramsandinstructionalmaterialsthataccompaniedthemwasfrequentlypoor.（節(jié)目和教學(xué)材料的質(zhì)量通常很差。）可見軟件的質(zhì)量并不是一直都很好。

6.單選題

Somehardplasticscanbe（

）metalsinmanufacturingmachineparts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substitutedfor

B.takentheplaceof

C.replacedin

D.givenwayto

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。substitutefor意為“替代，取代”；taketheplaceof意為“代替”，一般指取代某人的位置；replacein意為“以……代替”，replace后直接接賓語；givewayto意為“向……讓步，被……替代”。

句意：在生產(chǎn)機(jī)器零件時(shí)，一些硬塑料可以取代金屬。

7.單選題

Itis（）thatwomenshouldbepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamekindofwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.allergic

B.amateur

C.annual

D.absurd

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。allergic“對(duì)……極討厭”；amateur“業(yè)余的，外行的”；annual“每年的，年度的”；absurd“荒謬的，可笑的”。根據(jù)后面提到的“做同樣的工作，女性獲得的報(bào)酬比男性的少”，可知這種做法是荒謬的，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：做同樣的工作，女性獲得的報(bào)酬比男性的少，這是很荒謬的。

8.單選題

Itisdifficultto（）thisgoalifyouworkhardcontinuously.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributeto

B.audit

C.bare

D.attain

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：即使你一直努力工作，也很難這個(gè)目標(biāo)。attributeto歸因于；audit稽查，審計(jì)；bare揭開;脫掉（衣服）；attain獲得，達(dá)到。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Ifnoonetakesthe（

）andplansforthetrip,wewillneverleavehome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initial

B.initiative

C.original

D.beginning

【答案】B

【解析】taketheinitiative為固定搭配,意為“帶頭,采取主動(dòng)”。句意:如果沒有人帶頭和計(jì)劃這次旅行,我們是不會(huì)離開家的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.單選題

Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmyhelpingettingfoodorshelter,inprovidingprotection,andinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.

Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralway,buteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplant,forexample,dependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptation,commontomostplants.Inaddition,therearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.

Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.

Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantage,butsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthat,ifconditionschange,itfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.

1.Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymay（

）.

2.Inthefirstparagraph,theword“environments”couldbestbereplacedby（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdarecolored（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentioned?

5.Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustratewhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helpothersoftheirkindgetfood,shelterandotherthingsneeded

B.surviveeveninextremelysevereconditions

C.becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkind

D.resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.contexts

B.surroundings

C.neighbors

D.enemies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tofrighteneditsenemies

B.toattractitsenemies

C.toadjustitsbodyheat

D.tomatchitsenvironment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alivingthingmayadaptinitsstructure.

B.Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.

C.Alivingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.

D.Alivingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alivingthingmayhavetheabilitytocreateanenvironmentofitsown.

B.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytoremainstillwhenanenemyisnear.

C.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytomakefoodfromitsinorganicchemicals.

D.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytochangethecolorofitsskin.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段第一句話“Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.某些動(dòng)植物發(fā)展出來一些特征，幫助它們比其他同類更好的適應(yīng)環(huán)境?！笨梢酝茢喑霰绢}正確答案選C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測題。選項(xiàng)A“環(huán)境；上下文語境”；選項(xiàng)B“環(huán)境；周圍的事物”；選項(xiàng)C“鄰居”；選項(xiàng)D“敵人”。單詞所在的句子是第一段第一句和最后一句。根據(jù)上題的分析，environments應(yīng)該指的是周圍的事物所形成的環(huán)境。故正確答案選B。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話“Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.鹿的皮毛顏色發(fā)生變化是因?yàn)橐谌氕h(huán)境?！边@句話是對(duì)本段第一句主旨句的舉例論證，由此推斷，動(dòng)物的皮毛顏色發(fā)生變化是為了融入環(huán)境和適應(yīng)環(huán)境。選項(xiàng)D更符合文章意思。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第三段前面兩句話“Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics…有機(jī)體有許多適應(yīng)方式，它們也許在結(jié)構(gòu)上，功能上和遺傳方面適應(yīng)……”由這句話可知選項(xiàng)A、B和C都是動(dòng)物改變自我適應(yīng)環(huán)境的方式。選項(xiàng)D在文章中沒有提到。故正確答案選D。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.有機(jī)體可以創(chuàng)造自身的環(huán)境，就像恒溫的哺乳動(dòng)物一樣，盡管天氣變化，它們也能調(diào)節(jié)自己的體溫?！庇纱丝芍髡咭煤銣夭溉閯?dòng)物保持體溫的行為是為了說明它們能夠創(chuàng)造自身的環(huán)境。故正確答案選A。

11.單選題

Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheworD.ofthecrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,Africanjungle,orAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.Theelaborate,carefullyassembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapismfromreallifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,whosuffersfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebraisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas（）.

2.Thecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin（）.

3.Thecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare,generallyspeaking,（）.

4.Thesettingofthedetectivestoriesissomethinginamoreremoteplacebecause（）.

5.Thewriterofthispassagethinks（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovel

B.notatruenovelatall

C.relatedinsomewaystothehistoricalnovel

D.adistinctbranchofthetraditionalnovel

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.seekingrestfromworkorworries

B.solving.mysteriousdeathsinthissociety

C.restoringexpectationsinpolitesociety

D.preventingcrimes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.moreprofoundthanthoseofthetraditionalnovels

B.asrealaslifeitself

C.notlikehumanbeingsatall

D.notveryprofoundbutnotunlikely

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itismorereal

B.ourfriendsarefamiliarwithit

C.itpleasesthereadersinaway

D.itneedsthereaders’support

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.whatpeoplehopeforfromlifecanfinallybegrantediftheyhaveconfidence

B.peopleliketofeelthatjusticeandgoodnesswillalwaystriumph

C.theyknowintherealworkgooddoesnotprevailoverevil

D.theirhopesinlifecanonlybefulfilledthroughfictionreading

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】

1.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.”選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.”偵探小說通常是大學(xué)教師、文學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、科學(xué)家甚至詩人放松之余的創(chuàng)作。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第四句“Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.”盡管從表面上看,可以被認(rèn)出來,但有可能是我們不那么親密的伙伴。由此可以推斷,偵探小說主人公的特點(diǎn),一般來說,給人的印象不是很深刻,但也不是沒可能,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容“Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,...,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.”大多數(shù)偵探小說作者都認(rèn)真地提供了一個(gè)合理真實(shí)的背景。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)文中的最后一句“Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.”我們對(duì)生活的一切希望都是間接實(shí)現(xiàn)的。也就是體現(xiàn)在偵探小說中,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

12.問答題

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthegreatclasslesssociety.Theideathatthetwentiethcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofthegreatclichesofourtime.Thesameoldargumentsareput(1)inevidence.Herearesomeofthem:monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthasbeencompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprived(2)

allpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,

(3)

time,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbear

(4)

theclaim.

Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveled

(5)

ifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,survivalofthefittest,and“mightisright”arestill

(6)

us.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmerit.For“aristocracy”read“meritocracy”：

(7)

otherrespects,societyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained.

Genuineability,animalcunning,skill,theknackofseizingopportunities,allbringmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethemagoodstartinlife.Forallthelipservicewepay

(8)

theideaofequality,wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantages

(9)

stateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldhealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.

Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality,privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkerthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboil

(10)

tothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriateprepositionoradverb(介詞或副詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

cliche(inparagraphI)

discredit(inparagraph1)

savagely(inparagraph1)

fallacy(inparagraph2)

dispense(inparagraph2)

rigidly(inparagraph2)

cunning(inparagraph3)

perpetuate(inparagraph3)

indiscriminately(inparagraph3)

dedicated(inparagraph4)

【答案】1.考查副詞搭配。由前面的arguments，根據(jù)語義可知爭論是被提出，putforward意為“提出”。

試題答案：forward

2.考查介詞搭配。bedeprivedof意為“被剝奪”，此句意為：存活下來的君主制已經(jīng)被剝奪了一切政治權(quán)利。

試題答案：of

3.考查介詞搭配。此處前句意為“繼承的財(cái)富因稅收而被強(qiáng)制減少”，后句意為“巨大的財(cái)富將全部消失”，intime意為“最終，遲早”。

試題答案：in

4.考查介詞搭配。此處表示examination（調(diào)查）與claim（聲稱）之間的關(guān)系，根據(jù)語義，此句意為“密切調(diào)查不支持這種聲明”。bearout意為“證明，證實(shí)，支持”。

試題答案：out

5.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)后面的if從句，如果給每個(gè)人提供平等的教育機(jī)會(huì)，那么所有人都是平等的，社會(huì)也會(huì)達(dá)到平衡，這種假設(shè)是一種謬論。levelout意為“達(dá)到平衡”。

試題答案：out

6.考查介詞搭配。此句意為：叢林的舊法則，適者生存，強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理仍然伴隨我們。with意為“和……在一起”。

試題答案：with

7.考查介詞搭配。inotheraspect意為“在其他方面”。

試題答案：in

8.考查介詞搭配。payto意為“為……付出代價(jià)”，此處表示我們?yōu)槠降扔^念所付出的口頭功夫。

試題答案：to

9.考查介詞搭配。此處表示私立學(xué)校比公立學(xué)校能夠提供不公平的優(yōu)勢(shì)，over意為“超過，越過”

試題答案：over

10.考查介詞搭配。此句表示所有的政治意識(shí)形態(tài)都?xì)w于同一件事情。boildownto意為“歸結(jié)為……”。

試題答案：down

1.試題答案：陳詞濫調(diào)

2.試題答案：喪失信譽(yù)

3.試題答案：野蠻地，殘忍地

4.試題答案：謬論，謬見

5.試題答案：分配

6.試題答案：嚴(yán)格地

7.試題答案：狡猾的

8.試題答案：持續(xù)

9.試題答案：不加選擇地，隨意地

10.試題答案：專注的，投入的

13.單選題

Idon’tmind______thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.yourdelayingtomake

B.youdelaytomake

C.youtodelaymaking

D.yourdelayingmaking

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推遲做決定。minddoingsth.“介意做某事”，delaydoingsth.“推遲做某事”，mind和delay后跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語，D選項(xiàng)yourdelayingmaking符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.(1)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,human,nature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.(2)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.(3)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalpre-scientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.(4)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andthey’reessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerningvalues.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?(5)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywayto