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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏財(cái)經(jīng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thisbookwasaworkofsuch(

)thatittook20yearstowrite.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnitude

B.extent

C.degree

D.amount

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)magnitude“大小,量級”;B選項(xiàng)extent“程度,范圍”;C選項(xiàng)degree“程度,等級”;D選項(xiàng)amount“數(shù)量,總額”。句意:這本書是如此龐大的一個(gè)作品,以致于花了20年才寫成。選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Likemostparents,geologistBrianAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter’ssafety.Butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern:thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.Thesametypeofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.

Adecadeago,Atwaterwouldhavepaidlittlenoticetoschoolroomwalls.Butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatthePacificNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture.

AtameetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninDecember,researchersdiscussedtherecentlyuncoveredevidenceofquakepotentialinthePacificNorthwest.Whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeedstrikethisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.

What’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldrattletheregion’spopulationcenterswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseemmildincomparison.

“Ithinkit’squitetruetosaythatnothing(intheseareas)hasreallybeendesignedwithoneoftheseearthquakesinmind,”saysseismologistPaulSomervilleofWoodward—ClydeConsultantsinPasadenaCalif.Atthemeeting,SomervilleandhiscolleaguespresentedestimatesofthedegreeofshakingPortlandandSeattlewouldsufferduringamassiveearthquake.

1.Duringthe1976TangshanearthquakeinChina,hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerekilledby(

).

2.ItisimpliedinParagraph2that(

).

3.Theword“shock”meansthesameas(

).

4.Whatdoestheword“mild”inParagraph4mean?

5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fire

B.un-strengthenedbrickandstonebuildings

C.masonrywalls

D.un-reinforcedconcretewalls

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mr.Atwaterloveshisdaughterverymuch

B.Mr.AtwaterandotherscientistspayattentiontosignsofearthquakesinthePacificNorthwest

C.theearthquakeswillstrikenorthwesterncities

D.Mr.Atwaterhasbeenconcernedalotoverschoolroomsforthepastseveralyears

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.quake

B.violenceforce

C.attack

D.crash

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.soft

B.nothard

C.notsevere

D.gentle

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThepublicschoolwhereMr.Atwater’sdaughterstudieshasschoolroomseasytodestroyduringamassiveearthquake.

B.Whilesomescientistsstilldon’tbelievethathugequakeswilloccurinPacificNorthwest,moreandmorescientistsfeelcertain.

C.SomervilleandhiscolleaguesmadeajudgmentonthelosssufferedinSeattleduringthenextearthquake.

D.Theresearchersareworriedthatnorthwesterncitieshaven’tmadeanypreparationsagainstsuchahugequake.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段最后一、二句話...thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.Thesametypeofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.(她在西雅圖就讀的公立學(xué)校有未加固的磚墻,這種建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名昭著。相同類型的墻在1976年的唐山大地震壓死了成百上千人)。第二步綜合理解,這里un-reinforcedmasonrywalls與選C相符,所以答案選C。

A選項(xiàng)“火”,在文中都沒有提到屬于無中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“沒有加固的磚石建筑”,對應(yīng)原文第一段最后一二句話,但是此處講的是un-reinforcedmasonrywalls不是brickandstonebuilding,此處屬于張冠李戴,所以不選;

D選項(xiàng)“無鋼筋混凝土墻”,此處講的是masonrywalls不是concretewalls,此處也屬于張冠李戴,所以不選。

第2題:推理判斷題。第一步,找句內(nèi)線索,定位到第二段第二句Butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatthePacificNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture.(但在過去幾年里,他和其他科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了令人不安的跡象,太平洋西北部在很久以前經(jīng)歷過巨大的地震并且在不遠(yuǎn)的將來,該地區(qū)可能會(huì)遭受災(zāi)難性的沖擊),第二步綜合理解,定位句和B選項(xiàng)“愛德華和其他科學(xué)家注意到了南太平洋地震的預(yù)兆”;是同意轉(zhuǎn)換,所以答案選B。

A選項(xiàng)“愛德華先生非常愛他的女兒”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到文章第一段第一句Likemostparents,geologistBrianAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter’ssafety(和大多數(shù)父母一樣,地質(zhì)學(xué)家布萊恩?阿特沃特?fù)?dān)心女兒的安全。)但是題干的要求是第二段可以推斷出什么,這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤;

C選項(xiàng)“地震將會(huì)襲擊西北城市”,可以定位到第二段第二句(見上文)。第二步綜合理解,這里的thearea指的是thePacificNorthwest不是northwestcities,這里屬于張冠李戴。

D選項(xiàng)“在過去幾年,愛德華一直在關(guān)注學(xué)校教室”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段第二句Butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern:thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes(但這些天,他有一個(gè)不同尋常的擔(dān)憂:她在西雅圖上的公立學(xué)校有未加固的磚石墻,這種建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名昭著),這里雖然愛德華確實(shí)擔(dān)心這種墻會(huì)倒,但是不是第二段的內(nèi)容,這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤。

第3題:詞匯推斷題。第一步,句中前后信息銜接,根據(jù)題干定位到heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture(他和其他科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了令人不安的跡象,太平洋西北部在很久以前經(jīng)歷過巨大的地震并且在不遠(yuǎn)的將來,該地區(qū)可能會(huì)遭受災(zāi)難性的沖擊)and連接兩個(gè)并列的定語從句,inthedistancepast和inthenearfuture,以及northwest和thearea,這里可能講的是發(fā)生在這塊西北區(qū)的同一件事,不過一件已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了,而另一件快要發(fā)生了。第二步,上下文語義銜接,上文提到了有跡象表明太平洋西北地區(qū)以前發(fā)生過地震,在不久的將來這里又要發(fā)生了,所以shock是上文quake的同義替換,所以答案選A選項(xiàng)quake“發(fā)抖,震動(dòng)”;

B選項(xiàng)violenceforce“暴力”,文中沒有提及暴力,屬于無中生有。

C選項(xiàng)attack“攻擊”,文中沒有提及攻擊,屬于無中生有。

D選項(xiàng)crash“碰撞,倒塌”,文中沒有提及碰撞,屬于無中生有。

第4題:詞匯推斷題。第一步,句中前后信息銜接,根據(jù)文章定位到四段整句話What’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldrattletheregion’spopulationcenterswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseemmildincomparison.(他們說,令人擔(dān)憂的是,波特蘭、西雅圖和溫哥華等西北城市還沒有為這種級別的地震做好準(zhǔn)備。這種地震可能會(huì)對該地區(qū)的人口中心造成足夠大的震動(dòng),使舊金山地區(qū)最近遭受的破壞相比之下顯得比較輕微);第二步,上下文語義銜接,mild前面連接的信息是SanFranciscoareadamage,后面連接的信息是incomparison。就可以看出,這里是在做比較,比較兩個(gè)災(zāi)難的嚴(yán)重性。上文還提到了what’sworrisome以及notpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,這里說明前面的地震要比后面的破壞更加嚴(yán)重,所以后面的破壞相對來說就不是那么嚴(yán)重了,所以答案選C選項(xiàng);

A選項(xiàng)“柔軟的”,不能用來修飾“破壞”,這里屬于反向干擾;

B選項(xiàng)“不困難的”,不能用來修飾“破壞”,這里屬于反向干擾;

D選項(xiàng)“溫柔的,紳士的”,不能用來修飾“破壞”,這里屬于反向干擾。

第5題:推理判斷題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話Atthemeeting,SomervilleandhiscolleaguespresentedestimatesofthedegreeofshakingPortlandandSeattlewouldsufferduringamassiveearthquake.(在會(huì)議上,薩默維爾和他的同事們對波特蘭和西雅圖在大地震中可能遭受的震動(dòng)程度進(jìn)行了估計(jì))。第二步綜合理解,科學(xué)家薩默維爾預(yù)估的是震動(dòng)的等級而不是地震中受到的損失,這里屬于張冠李戴,所以C選項(xiàng)“薩默維爾和他的同事對西雅圖在下一次地震中遭受的損失作出了判斷”錯(cuò)誤,答案選C;

A選項(xiàng)“阿特沃特的女兒就讀的公立學(xué)校的教室在大地震中很容易被摧毀”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段第二句話thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.(她在西雅圖就讀的公立學(xué)校有未加固的磚石墻,這種建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名昭著),從這個(gè)句可以看出,A選項(xiàng)正確,所以不選;

B選項(xiàng)“雖然一些科學(xué)家仍然不相信太平洋西北部會(huì)發(fā)生大地震,但越來越多的科學(xué)家感覺會(huì)”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位到第三段最后一句話Whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeedstrikethisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.(雖然有些人仍然不相信8級或更高的大地震確實(shí)會(huì)襲擊這個(gè)地區(qū),但越來越多的人認(rèn)為這種地震是有很大的可能性的。),所以B選項(xiàng)不選;

D選項(xiàng)“研究人員擔(dān)心,西北城市還沒有為應(yīng)對如此巨大的地震做任何準(zhǔn)備”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)第四段第一句話What’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude(他們說,令人擔(dān)憂的是,波特蘭、西雅圖和溫哥華等西北城市還沒有為這種級別的地震做好準(zhǔn)備)選項(xiàng)D正確,不選。

3.單選題

Thejourneyusuallytakesfiveweeksbutyoushould()delayscausedbybadweather.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrangefor

B.accountfor

C.allowfor

D.applyfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)arrangefor“安排、安頓”;B選項(xiàng)accountfor“說明、解釋”;C選項(xiàng)allowfor“考慮到、估計(jì)”;D選項(xiàng)applyfor“申請、請求”,句意為:這趟旅行通常需要五個(gè)星期,但你應(yīng)該把惡劣天氣造成的延誤考慮在內(nèi)。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints―periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistory,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminismthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthetext?

2.Theauthormentionswhichofthefollowingasacharacteristicofthepracticeofpsychohistorians?

3.Theauthorofthetextsuggeststhatpsychohistoriansviewhistoryprimarilyas(

).

4.Theauthorofthetextputstheword“deepest”(LastLine,Paragraph3)inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto(

).

5.Inpresentingheranalysis,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughitlackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod.

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians.

C.Areasofsociologicalstudysuchaschildhoodandworkareoflittleinteresttotraditionalhistorians.

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual’sbehaviorandattitudesismoreinformativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thelivesofhistoricalfiguresarepresentedinepisodicratherthannarrativeform.

B.Archivesusedbypsychohistorianstogathermaterialarenotaccessibletootherscholars.

C.Pastandcurrenteventsareallplacedwithinthesamedeterministicdiagram.

D.Eventsintheadultlifeofahistoricalfigureareseentobemoreconsequentialthanarethoseinthechildhoodofthefigure.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areportofevents,causes,andeffectsthatisgenerallyacceptedbyhistoriansbutwhichis,forthemostpart,unverifiable

B.anepisodicaccountthatlackscohesionbecauserecordsoftheroleofchildhood,work,andleisureinthelivesofhistoricalfiguresarerare

C.anunchartedseaofseeminglyunexplainableeventsthathavemeaningonlywhenexaminedasdiscreteunits

D.arecordofthewayinwhichaclosedsetofimmutablepsychologicallawsseemstohaveshapedevents

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistorians’claimsfortheirwork

B.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistorians’method

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians'methodandthatofpsychohistorians

D.disassociateheropinionofthepsychohistorians’claimsfromheropinionoftheirmethod

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.makegeneralstatementswithoutreferencetospecificexamples

B.describesomeofthecriteriaemployedbytraditionalhistorians

C.questiontheadequacyofthepsychohistorians’interpretationofevents

D.pointoutinconsistenciesinthepsychohistorians’applicationoftheirmethods

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。整篇文章主要講了心理歷史學(xué)家研究歷史的方法特點(diǎn)和與傳統(tǒng)歷史研究的對比。因此選項(xiàng)A“心理歷史學(xué)家的歷史研究方法雖然缺乏傳統(tǒng)歷史方法的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和可驗(yàn)證性,但目前仍是一種流行的研究方法?!狈项}意。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章最后一段“Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.它不尊重過去的特殊性,而是將過去和現(xiàn)在的所有事件同化成一個(gè)單一的決定性圖式,這個(gè)圖式被假定在任何時(shí)候和任何情況下都是真實(shí)的。”由此可知C選項(xiàng)“過去和現(xiàn)在的事件都放置在同樣的確定模式里”正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.它不尊重過去的特殊性,而是將過去和現(xiàn)在的所有事件同化成一個(gè)單一的決定性圖式,這個(gè)圖式被假定在任何時(shí)候和任何情況下都是真實(shí)的?!庇纱丝芍狣選項(xiàng)“一種封閉的、不可改變的心理法則似乎塑造了事件的記錄”正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe‘deepest’explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.心理歷史學(xué)家相信他們自己的理論是絕對正確的,也相信他們的理論是對任何事件的‘最深刻的’解釋,其他的解釋都不符合事實(shí)。”由此可知作者對心理歷史學(xué)家關(guān)于他們工作的說法的準(zhǔn)確性持保留態(tài)度。因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段中“Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.它不考慮過去的特殊性,而將所有過去和現(xiàn)在的事件并入一個(gè)單一的確定模式,而這種模式在所有的時(shí)間和情況下被假設(shè)是正確的?!睂?yīng)知A項(xiàng)“在不提具體例子的情況下做總體的陳述”在文中有提及;由第三段中“Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.且它違反了歷史方法的基本原則,即歷史學(xué)家應(yīng)該留意將會(huì)否定他們論點(diǎn)的反面事例”知B項(xiàng)“描述了傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家所使用的一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”在文中有提及;由第三段中“Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe‘deepest’explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.心理歷史學(xué)家確信自己理論的絕對正確,也確信他們的理論的解釋是對任何事件的最深入的解釋,從而也確信其他解釋缺乏真理”知C項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑心理歷史學(xué)家對事件解釋的適當(dāng)性”在文中有暗示性提及;由此知在文中沒有提及的D項(xiàng)“指出心理歷史學(xué)家在應(yīng)用他們的方式上的不一致”正確。

5.單選題

Hewas______admittancetothetheatrefornotbeingproperlydressed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.denied

B.rejected

C.repelled

D.deprived

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)deny“否認(rèn),否定,拒絕”,B項(xiàng)reject“拒絕,排斥,抵制”,C項(xiàng)repel“擊退,抵制”,D項(xiàng)deprive“使喪失,剝奪”。根據(jù)空格后的關(guān)鍵詞admittancetothetheatre“準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入影院”和notbeingproperlydressed“衣著不當(dāng)”猜測,空格部分表示“拒絕”,bedeniedsth.表示“被拒絕……”。句意:他因衣著不當(dāng)而被拒之門外。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembers(

)amatchwithoutastandardcourt

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.objectedtohaving

B.wereobjectedtohave

C.objectedtohave

D.wereobjectedtohaving

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這場比賽被取消了,因?yàn)榇蟛糠殖蓡T反對在沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)場地的情況下比賽。

考查固定搭配。objecttodoingsth.反對做某事。

7.單選題

ThebrideandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo()themarriage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.terminate

B.initiate

C.consummate

D.separate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。terminate“終止,結(jié)束”;initiate“開始”;consummate“完成”;separate“分開”。句意:當(dāng)聽到他們的家人要帶他們?nèi)チ_馬完婚,這對新郎新娘感到非常幸福。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.翻譯題

Forallyouspacebuffswholiketokeeptrackofwherethewateris,itlookslikeyoucanaddourveryownmoontoyourlist.BecauseaccordingtoatrioofpapersappearinginthejournalScience,thelunarsurfaceiswetterthanwerealized.

Fortyyearsago,Apolloastronautsbroughtabunchofmoonrocksbackhome.Forthemostpartthosesamplesshowednotracesofwaterwhatsoever.ThosethatseemedeventheslightestbitmoistwerethoughttohavebeencontaminatedbywaterfromEarth—becausethecontainerstheywerestoredinturnedouttobeleaky.

Butnowscientistssaythey’vespottedwaterrightonthemoon’ssurface.Usinginstrumentsonthreedifferentspacecraft,thescientistsdetectedthechemicalsignatureofgoodoldH2O.Andtheythinkthewaterspringsfromthemoonitself.Thelunarsoilisnearly50percentoxygen,andthescientiststhinkthathydrogencomesfromthesolarwindthatpoundsthemoon’ssurface.

Putthetwotogetherandyougetwet.Nottoowet,ofcourse.There’sprobablyonlyaboutaquartofwaterineverytonoflunarsoil.That’sdryerthantheSahara,butwetterthanwethought.

【答案】對于你們這些喜歡追蹤水在哪里的太空迷來說,看起來你們可以把我們自己的月球加入你們的名單。因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的三篇論文,月球表面比我們想象的要潮濕。

40年前,阿波羅宇航員帶回了一堆月球巖石。在大多數(shù)情況下,這些樣本沒有任何水的痕跡。那些看起來哪怕是最輕微的潮濕都被認(rèn)為是受到了來自地球的水的污染——因?yàn)樗鼈儍Υ娴娜萜髟瓉硎锹┧摹?/p>

但現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家稱他們已經(jīng)在月球表面發(fā)現(xiàn)了水??茖W(xué)家們在三艘不同的宇宙飛船上使用儀器,探測到了古老的H2o的化學(xué)特征。他們認(rèn)為水來自月球本身。月球的土壤中有近50%是氧氣,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為氫氣來自撞擊月球表面的太陽風(fēng)。

把這兩者放在一起,你就濕了。當(dāng)然不會(huì)太濕。每噸月球土壤中大概只有一夸脫水。那里比撒哈拉沙漠干燥,但比我們想象的要潮濕。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.WedonotrealizethatwavinggoodbyeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat“Gift”meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingourfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably().

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir().

3.Incountriesotherthantheirown,mostAmericans().

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Americans’culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill().

5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standstill

B.jumpaside

C.stepforward

D.drawback

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.casualmanners

C.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:詞義辨析題。我們首先需要知道四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思,然后代入原文分析哪一項(xiàng)是和文意相符的,A項(xiàng)“靜止”,B項(xiàng)“閃開;躲開”,C項(xiàng)“向前走”,D項(xiàng)“后退;保持距離”,那么我們看到原文的第二段說到,拉美人和中東人喜歡在講話時(shí)和對方更加靠近,而這一點(diǎn)會(huì)令美國人很不舒服;那么我們可以推出美國人在面對他們的時(shí)候,可能會(huì)后退拉開距離,保持在美國人覺得舒適的距離里進(jìn)行交談,答案為D。

第2題:作者意圖題。問:作者給出這么多例子是為了批評美國的______。第一段指出,美國人的文化使多數(shù)美國人認(rèn)為自己不但語言全球通用,使用的手勢也能被別人明白,但他們沒有意識到這是不正確的。這實(shí)際上是一種自我中心的觀點(diǎn)。再回到原文發(fā)現(xiàn)第二段和第三段都是在說美國的不好的,舉了很多例子,第三段第一句話確實(shí)有提到他們的隨性,但是這并不是作者本質(zhì)想要表達(dá),作者第一段就指出,美國人對于自己的文化過于自信,以至于才會(huì)導(dǎo)致后面的這些后果,因此這一題的答案應(yīng)該是A,批評了美國人以自我文化為中心。

第3題:推斷題。題目詢問在美國以外的國家里,大多數(shù)美國人_____。根據(jù)文章第5段“Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.(每次出國,我們一般都食宿在說英語的那些賓館和飯店中,人們對我們的態(tài)度和我們所獲得的信息都是由說英語的本地人——通常是富人決定的。我們的生意往來,國家的外交活動(dòng)也是通過翻譯才能進(jìn)行)”,因此,A項(xiàng)的信息在文中并沒有提及;B項(xiàng)與文中所陳述的意思相符;C項(xiàng)與文章所提及的觀點(diǎn)相背;D項(xiàng)與文中所給的意思不符。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第一和倒數(shù)第二段,文章說:多年來,美國和美國人在文化上的盲目性和語言的無知上還能湊合,但是現(xiàn)在不一樣了,美國已經(jīng)沒有以前那樣的統(tǒng)治力,現(xiàn)在如果美國還想在世界事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更重要的作用;希望在下個(gè)世紀(jì)的重要決定中占有一席之地的話,他們就必須開始尊重別的語言,別的文化了,因此答案為C。

第5題:全文主旨推斷題。題目詢問作者寫作這篇文章是要使美國人意識到什么。作者在文章的開篇就批評了大多數(shù)美國人心目中的一種錯(cuò)誤的文化觀,即美國的語言世界通用。接著又指出這種文化觀所引起的語言和文化上的盲目性和隨意性使美國人在世界上失去了朋友、生意和人們的尊重。美國在國際事務(wù)中的領(lǐng)先地位也正在失去。由此可看出作者的寫作意圖是要美國人克服這種文化上的盲目性,了解世界的文化。因此,D項(xiàng)與作者的意圖相符。

10.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theirobsessionwithconsumption.

B.Theirfailuretoaccumulatewealth.

C.Theever-increasingcostsofhousing.

D.Thedeteriorationoftheenvironment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thingsthatareraretofind.

B.Thingsthatcostlessmoney.

C.Thingsthatboostefficiency.

D.Thingsthatwecherishmost.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyservemultiplepurposes.

B.Theybenefittheenvironment.

C.Theyaremostlydurable.

D.Theyareeasilydisposable.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingOne

DidyouknowthatAmericanshaveapproximatelythreetimestheamountofspacewehavefiftyyearsago?Therefore,you’dthinkwe’dhavesufficientroomforallofourpossessions.Onthecontrary,thepersonalstoragebusinessisnowagrowingindustry.We’vegottriplethespace,but[16]we’vebecomesuchenthusiasticconsumersthatwerequireevenmore.Thisphenomenonhasresultedinsignificantcreditcarddebt,enormousenvironmentalfootprints,andperhapsnotcoincidentally,ourhappinesslevelshavefailedtoincreaseoverthesamehalfcentury.

I’mheretosuggestanalternative—thathavinglessmightactuallybeapreferabledecision.Manyofushaveexperienced,atsomestage,thepleasureofpossessingless.Iproposethatlessstuffandlessspacecannotonlyhelpyoueconomize,butalsosimplifyyourlife.IrecentlystartedaninnovativeprojecttodiscoversomecreativesolutionsthatofferedmeeverythingIrequired.Bypurchasinganapartmentthatwas40squaremetersinsteadof60,Iimmediatelysaved$200,000.Smallerspaceleadstoreducedutilitybillsandalsoasmallercarbonfootprintbecauseit’sdesignedaroundaneditedcollectionofpossessions,limitedtomyfavoritestuff.I’mreallyexcitedtolivethere.

Howcanwelivemorebasically?Firstly,wemustruthlesslycuttheunnecessaryobjectsoutofourlives.Tostemconsumption,weshouldthinkbeforewebuy,andaskourselves,“willittrulymakemehappier?”O(jiān)bviously,weshouldpossesssomegreatstuff,[17]butwewantbelongingsthatwe’regoingtoloveforyears.Secondly,werequirespaceefficiency.Wewantappliancesthataredesignedforusemostofthetime,notforoccasionaluse.Whyownasix-burnerstovewhenyourarelyuseeventhreeburners?Finally,[18]weneedmultifunctionalspacesandhousewares.Icombinedamovablewallwithtransformingfurnituretogetmoreoutofmylimitedspace.Considermycoffeetable.Itincreasesinsizetoaccommodateten.Myofficeistuggedaway,easilyhidden.Mybedsimplypopsoutthewall.Forgas,IcanrelocatethemovablewallandutilizethefoldableguestbedsIinstalled.

I’mnotsaying,weshouldallliveintinierapartments,butconsiderthebenefitsofaneditedlife.Whenyoureturnhomeandwalkthroughyourfrontdoor,takeamomenttoaskyourselves,“couldIdowithalittlelifeediting?Willthatgivememorefreedomandmoretime?”

16.WhathaspreventedAmericanshappinesslevelsfromincreasing?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問是什么阻礙了美國人幸福水平的提高?錄音提到,這一現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致了大量的信用卡債務(wù)……而且也許并非巧合的是,我們的幸福水平在過去的半個(gè)世紀(jì)里并沒有提高。這一現(xiàn)象即上一句提到的:我們已經(jīng)成為如此熱情的消費(fèi)者。A選項(xiàng)“他們(美國人)對消費(fèi)的癡迷”是對原文we’vebecomesuchenthusiasticconsumers的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們沒有積累財(cái)富”和C項(xiàng)“日益增長的住房成本”在錄音中沒有信息提及;D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境的惡化”,利用environment設(shè)置干擾,錄音原文所說的是大量環(huán)境足跡而不是環(huán)境惡化,因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

17.Whatthingsshouldwepossessaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)說話者的說法,我們應(yīng)該擁有哪些東西?錄音中說話者提到:顯然,我們應(yīng)該擁有一些很棒的東西,但我們想要的是能讓我們喜歡多年的東西。因此D選項(xiàng)“我們最珍惜的東西”正確。A選項(xiàng)“很難找到的東西”和B選項(xiàng)“花費(fèi)較少的東西”在錄音中并未提及;C選項(xiàng)“能提高效率的東西”,利用錄音中的efficiency設(shè)置干擾,錄音中只是提到我們需要空間效率,選項(xiàng)與原文表述不符,因此排除。

18.Whatdowelearnabouttheitemsinthespeaker’shome?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問我們從說話者家里的物品中了解到什么?錄音中提到說話人認(rèn)為我們需要更多的空間以及多功能的家庭用品,接著講述了自己家里的物品,他把活動(dòng)墻和改造家具結(jié)合起來,讓有限的空間得到更多的利用,由此可知,作者家中的物品有多種用途,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“它們對環(huán)境有益”;C選項(xiàng)“它們大多是耐用的”;D選項(xiàng)“它們很容易被丟棄”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除。

11.填空題

Ahealthydietwithpropernutritionisessentialformaintaininggoodoverallhealth.(1)itwasdiscoveredearlierinthiscentury,peoplehaveroutinely

(2)takingsupplementsforthispurpose.TheRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)isausednutritional

(3)

formaintainingoptimalhealth.TheRDAspecifiestherecommended

(4)ofanumberofnutrientsforpeople

(5)manydifferentageandsexgroups.TheNationalResearchCouncil’sCommitteeonDietandHealth(6)proposedadefinitionoftheRDAtobethatamountofanutrient

(7)meetstheneedsof98percentofthepopulation.The

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