考研考博-英語-廈門城市職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門城市職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Gradeinflation—thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs(grade-pointaverages)overthepastfewdecades—isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhichstudentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce—apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalled“gradeforgiveness”—ishelpingraiseGPAs.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,andthemostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent'soverallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinuetodotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool(andpayingtuition)andimprovetheirgraduationrates.Whenthispracticefirststarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelcourses.Butnowmostcollegessaveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,andevengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgraduationwithoutincurringabigpenalty.“Untimely,”saidJackMiner,OhioStateUniversity'sregistrar,“weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterinsubsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.”

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescolleges'ownneedsaswell.Forpublicinstitutions,statefundsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchasgraduationratesandstudentretention-sobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,meanmoremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudents-who,attheendoftheday,arepayingthebill-feelthey'vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbigconcernforcolleges.

Indeed,gradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers'expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnoutgraduateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible—oratleastappeartobe.Onthis,students'andcolleges'incentiveseemtobealigned.

1.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?

2.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness?

3.AccordingtoParagraph5,gradeforgivenessenablecollegesto（

）.

4.Whatdoesthephrase"tobealigned"(Para.6)mostprobablymean?

5.Theauthorexaminesthepracticeofgradeforgivenessby（

）.

問題1選項

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B.Students'indifferencetoGPAs.

C.Colleges'neglectofGPAs.

D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.

問題2選項

A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.

B.Tomaintaincolleges'graduationrates.

C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D.Toincreaseuniversities'incomefromtuition.

問題3選項

A.obtainmorefinancialsupport

B.boosttheirstudentenrollments

C.improvetheirteachingquality

D.meetlocalgovernments'needs

問題4選項

A.Tocounterbalanceeachother.

B.Tocomplementeachother.

C.Tobeidenticalwitheachother.

D.Tobecontradictorytoeachother.

問題5選項

A.assessingitsfeasibility

B.analyzingthecausesbehindit

C.comparingdifferentviewsonit

D.listingitslong-runeffects

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞gradeinflation可以定位到首段第一句話，此句話的句子主干：“Gradeinflationisoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation.”題干中的beregardedas對應(yīng)原文中的isconsidered，題干中的thecauseof（后邊接結(jié)果）與原文中的aproductof（前邊接結(jié)果）都表示因果關(guān)系。選項D中consumer是原文中的復(fù)現(xiàn)，其他選項都不具備干擾性，因此答案選擇D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，我們只能定位到文章的第二段，但是第二段講的是gradeforgiveness具體是什么，并沒有提及它的目的，然后接下來看第三段的首句，出現(xiàn)了thislittle-knownpractice指的就是gradeforgiveness，而且題干中的theoriginalpurpose對應(yīng)原文中的第三段第二句話：“Whenthispracticefirststarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelcourses.”A選項中的freshmen是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，help對應(yīng)原文中的givethemasecondchance，adaptto對應(yīng)原文中的struggledintheirtransitionto，collegelearning對應(yīng)原文中的college-levelcourses。因此答案為A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞paragraph5、gradeforgiveness和colleges可以定位到第五段的第一句，即gradeforgiveness能夠滿足學(xué)生的需求，但是對應(yīng)選項并沒有對應(yīng)的答案，所以接著往下看，提到了國家基金與他們的成功有關(guān)，得到更好的分?jǐn)?shù)意味著拿到更多的錢。選項A中的financialsupport指的就是statefunds。因此答案為A。

4.猜詞題。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到第六段最后一句話：“Onthis,students'andcolleges'incentivesseemtobealigned.”所以解題的關(guān)鍵是找到this指代的內(nèi)容。This指代的是前一句話，即：因為學(xué)生和家長都希望通過大學(xué)學(xué)歷來找工作，所以學(xué)校的最佳利益是盡可能地把學(xué)生培養(yǎng)成有能力勝任的人，或者至少看起來是那樣。由此可以得出學(xué)生和學(xué)校的目標(biāo)是一致的，選項C中的beidenticalwith表示的是“與……相同”，因此答案為C。

5.主旨題。題干的字面意思是作者是通過什么樣的方式來檢驗gradeforgiveness的實踐操作，但是是考查文章的主旨，屬于主旨題。閱讀每段的段落大意句，可以得出文章主要講解的是gradeforgiveness的原因。因此答案為B。

2.單選題

Infact,theU.SCongress（）totheBritishParliamentastheybothhavetherighttomakelaws.

問題1選項

A.agrees

B.corresponds

C.matches

D.coincides

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:agree“同意”；B:corresponds(to)“相當(dāng)于”；C:match“匹配”；D:;coincide“一致”。句意：事實上，美國國會相當(dāng)于英國議會，因為它們在制定法律方面權(quán)力相同。此處使用固定搭配coincidewith，故B為正確答案。

3.單選題

Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.

問題1選項

A.allatonce

B.byandby

C.tosomeextent

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。byandlarge表示“大體上，總的來說”；A項allatonce“突然”，B項byandby“不久以后”，C項tosomeextent“某種程度上”，D項onthewhole“基本上”。句意：許多評論家一致認(rèn)為，總的來說，這部電影在表演和攝影方面都是成功的。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇D項正確。

4.單選題

Nowadays,acell-phoneserviceisavailabletoeveryone,everywhere.Probablythousandsofpeoplehavealreadybeenusingit,butIjustdiscoveredit,soI’mgoingtoclaimitandalsonameit:FakeFoning.

Thetechnologyhasbeenworkingwellformeattheoffice,butthereareinfiniteapplications,virtuallyinanypublicspace.

Sayyouworkatabiguniversitywithlotsoftalkyfacultymembersbuzzingabout.Now,sayyouneedtousetherestroom.Thetripdownthehallwilltakeapproximatelyonehour,becauseapersoncan’twalkintothosetalkypeoplewithoutgettingpulledasideforaquestion,abitofgossip,anewreadonacertainlineofParadiseLost.

So,acell-phone.Anycell-phone.Justpickitup.Don’tdial.Justholdthatphonetoyourfaceandstarttalking.Walkconfidentlydownthehallengagedinfakeconversation,makingsuretotailorboththetopicandcontenttothepersonstandingbeforeyouwhomyouaretryingtoevade.

Forstandardcolleagueavoidance,Isuggestfakechattingaboutfakebusiness:“Yes,I’mgladyoucalled,becausewereallyneedtohammeroutthedetails.What’sthat?Yes,IreadPage12,butifyoulookatthebottomof4,Ithinkyoucanseetheproblembeginsrightthere.”

Beanimated.Beengagedinyourfakefoneconversation.Makeeyecontactwiththepeoplepassingnodtothem,gesturekeeninterestintalkingtothemalalatertime,pointtoyourPhone,shrugandmoveon.

Shoppersshouldconsiderfakefoninganytimetheyspotatalkyneighborintheproducedepartmentpinching(用手捏)unripepeaches.Withoutyourphoneatyourface,you’dbeinfora20-minutespeechonhowterribletheworldis.

Oneimportantcautionaboutfakefoning.TheotherdayIwasfakefoningmywaypastacolleague,andhewasactuallyfollowingmetogetmyattention.IknewhewantedtoaskaboutaprojectIhadnotyetfinished.Iwastryingtobuymyselfsometime,so1continuedfakefoningwithmydoctor.SoIdon’tneedtheoperation?Oh,doctor,thatisthebestnews.”

Andthen:Biirnig!Binurg!Bnnrrg!Myphonestartedringing,righttherewhileitwasplantedonmyface.Mycolleaguelookedatme,andIathim,andnaturallyIgasped.“Whatisthematterwiththisthing?”Isaid,pullingthephoneawaytolookatit,andthenputtingitbacktomycar.“Hello?Areyoustillthere?”O(jiān)ops

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

2.Whatisfakefoning?

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,inordertomakefakefoninglookrealonehasto（

）.

4.Whatdoesthelastexampleshow?

5.Afterhisphonesuddenlybeganringing,theauthor（

）.

問題1選項

A.Cell-phoneserviceispopularamongpeople.

B.Cell-phonehasmuchuseinoffice.

C.Fakefoningisanewcell-phoneservice.

D.Fakefoningisanewdiscovery.

問題2選項

A.Astrategytoavoidpeople.

B.Adevicenewlyproduced.

C.Aserviceprovidedeverywhere.

D.Askillofcommunication.

問題3選項

A.talkaboutinterestingmatters

B.behavepolitelytopeoplepassingby

C.holdthephonewhilewalking

D.appearabsorbedinconversation

問題4選項

A.Oneeffectivewayistofakefoneone’sdoctor.

B.Onehastobecarefulwhilefakefoning.

C.Fakefoningmaynotdeceivepeople.

D.Fakefoningisalwaysquitesuccessful.

問題5選項

A.immediatelystartedtalkingtothecaller

B.immediatelystartedtalkingtohiscolleague

C.putthephoneawayandstoppedtalking

D.continuedwithhisfakeconversatio

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下列表述哪個是不正確的”。文章第一段提到“也許成千上萬人已經(jīng)開始使用，但是我剛剛才知道”（Probablythousandsofpeoplehavealreadybeenusingit,butIjustdiscoveredit,soI’mgoingtoclaimitandalsonameit:FakeFoning），由此可知，fakefoning已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)很久了，并不是才出現(xiàn)，所以選項C的陳述“新功能”是不正確的，符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“假裝打電話是什么”。文章第五段提到“去避開同事的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的假打電話，我建議假聊業(yè)務(wù)”（Forstandardcolleagueavoidance,Isuggestfakechattingaboutfakebusiness），由此可知選項A“避開人的一個策略”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者看來，為了讓假裝打電話看起來逼真，應(yīng)該……”。文章第六段前面兩句提到“假裝打電話要逼真與專注”（Beanimated.Beengagedinyourfakefoneconversation），選項D“看上去專注于談話”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“最后一個例子說明……”。文章倒數(shù)第二段舉了自己為了給自己爭取時間，而假裝跟醫(yī)生聊天的例子，說明假裝打電話的時候一定要小心。選項B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在自己的電話突然開始響起后，作者……”。文章最后一段提到“我自然地喘氣，我說‘這事情到底怎么回事’，隨后我將電話移開并放到我的車上”（andnaturallyIgasped.“Whatisthematterwiththisthing?”Isaid,pullingthephoneawaytolookatit,andthenputtingitbacktomycar），選項D“繼續(xù)假裝談話”符合題意。

5.單選題

Thestudents______theirthankstoProfessorDavisbypresentinghimwithapartinggift.

問題1選項

A.extended

B.offered

C.expressed

D.indicated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項extend“延伸，擴大”，B項offer“提供”，C項express“表達(dá)”，D項indicate“表明，指出”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thanks“感謝”可知，空格部分填入express符合語境。句意：學(xué)生們送給戴維斯教授一份臨別禮物，以表示對他的感謝。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

6.單選題

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

問題1選項

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項onoccasion“間或，有時”，例句：Ithas,onoccasion，createdtroubleforthebank.(有時，這給銀行造成麻煩。)；B選項onpurpose“故意”，例句：Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.（我特地來這里看你。)；C選項oncondition“在……條件下，如果，倘若”，例句：Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.(你要穿上外套才能出去。)；D選項onlyif“只要，只有”。用于句首時，后面主句的主謂語要倒裝，例如：Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.（只有得到老師的允許，學(xué)生才可以進(jìn)這屋。)。四個選項中只有C選項oncondition后面跟that從句，表示“在……條件下”。句意：他向我借錢，我同意了，但條件是下周還錢。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項。

7.單選題

Becauseoftheseveredrought,thegovernmenthasurgedpeopletobe（

）withwater.

問題1選項

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.cautions

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。economic經(jīng)濟的；thrifty節(jié)約的，節(jié)省的；caution謹(jǐn)慎的，十分小心的；economical經(jīng)濟的，節(jié)約的。由句中“severedraught嚴(yán)重旱災(zāi)”可知政府號召人們節(jié)約用水，不要浪費水。句意：由于那場嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)，政府號召人們節(jié)約用水。故答案B

8.單選題

Thehousewasveryquiet,（

）asitwasonthesideofamountain.

問題1選項

A.isolated

B.isolating

C.beingisolated

D.havingbeenisolated

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這棟房子非常安靜，由于它在山麓上而被隔離開了。后半句句子的主語是it,指代前面的house，house與isolate是動賓關(guān)系，即“房子被隔離”，因此應(yīng)該用過去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意，選項A符合題意。

9.翻譯題

Atthestartofthe21stcentury,humankindfindsitselfonanon-sustainablecourse—thecoursethat,unlessitischanged,couldleadtograndscalecatastrophes.Atthesametime,weareunlockingformidablenewcapabilitiesthatleadtomoreexcitinglivesandgloriouscivilizations.Thiscouldbeeitherhumanity’slastcenturyorthecenturythatsetstheworldonacoursetowardaspectacularfuture.

Weliveonasmall,beautifulandatotallyisolatedplanet,butitspopulationisbecomingtoolarge;enormousnewconsumersocietiesaregrowing,ofwhichChinaisthelargest;andtechnologyisbecomingpowerfulenoughtowrecktheplanet.Wearetravelingatbreakneckspeedintoanageoftheextremes—extremesinwealthandpoverty,extremesintechnologyandtheexperimentsthatscientistswanttoperform,extremeforcesofglobalism,weaponsofmassdestructionandterroristsactinginthenameofreligion.Ifwearetosurvive,wehavetolearnhowtomanagethissituation.

Thesetofproblemshasasetofsolutions.Ifwehumansimplementthesesolutions,wecangraduallyachievesustainabledevelopmentandasustainablebutaffluentlife.Workingtowardsustainabilityrequiresmanydifferenttypesofactionsindifferentsubjectareas.Inlightofrapidlyadvancingtechnology,however,sustainabilityaloneisnotenough.Weneedtobeconcernedwithsurvivability.Theremustbeamoveawayfromtheuntenablecourseweareontodaytowardaworldwherewelearntocontrolthediverseforcesweareunleashing.

【答案】【參考譯文】在21世紀(jì)開始之際，人類意識到自己正走上了一條走不下去的路。除非改變方向，否則這條路會將人類引向巨大的災(zāi)難。可是同時，我們也正釋放出種種新的巨大潛能，而借助這些潛能，人類能迎來各種更令人激動的生活和更光輝的文明。這可能是人類的最后一個世紀(jì)，但也可能是人類撥正航程，朝光輝燦爛未來駛?cè)サ囊粋€世紀(jì)。

我們生活在一個與其他星球隔絕的美麗的小星球上，但是地球的人口已經(jīng)太多；龐大的新興消費社會正在成長，而中國是其中最大的一個；科技也正變得無比強大到足以毀壞這個星球。我們正瘋狂地奔向一個極端的時代：極端的富有，極端的貧困，極端的科學(xué)技術(shù)，極端的科學(xué)實驗，極端的全球化影響力，大規(guī)模毀滅性武器，還有以宗教名義進(jìn)行的恐怖活動。假如想要逃此一劫，我們就得學(xué)會如何駕馭這一形勢。

這一系列的問題也有一系列的解決方案。如果我們?nèi)祟惸軐⑦@些方案付諸實施，我們就能漸漸地達(dá)到可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)，享有一種既可持續(xù)但仍富裕的生活。達(dá)到可持續(xù)這個目標(biāo)需要在不同的領(lǐng)域采取不同的行動。然而考慮到科技的快速發(fā)展，僅僅可持續(xù)是不夠的。我們需要關(guān)注能否存活。我們必須放棄今日我們采取的已無出路的方向，朝一個新方向前行，而新世界要求我們學(xué)會掌控我們釋放出的各種能量。

10.單選題

4.

問題1選項

A.Pizzaisherfavoritefood.

B.Pizzaishersecondchoice.

C.Shedislikestheman’sidea.

D.Shecouldn’tagreewiththemanmore.

【答案】D

【解析】M:I’vegotanidea.Let’sorderapizza.

W:Great.Isecondthatnotion.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】態(tài)度方向。男士提議定披薩，女士說：Great.Isecondthatnotion(好呀，我同意)。

11.單選題

NewYorkprobablyhasthelargestnumberofdifferentlanguage（）intheworld.

問題1選項

A.neighborhoods

B.communities

C.clusters

D.assemblies

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項neighborhood“街坊，街區(qū)”，B項community“社區(qū)，共同體，團(tuán)體”，C項cluster“群，簇”，D項assembly“裝配，集合”；根據(jù)空格前面的differentlanguage（不同的語言），結(jié)合句子的語境，只有B項符合。句意：紐約可能是世界上不同語言社區(qū)數(shù)量最多的城市。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

12.單選題

Thisweektentopdesignerswill______theirautumncollectionsatthefashionfair.

問題1選項

A.enhance

B.lubricate

C.hustle

D.unveil

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項enhance“提高；加強；增加”；B選項lubricate“潤滑；涂油；起潤滑劑作用；使……潤滑；給……加潤滑油”；C選項hustle“推搡；強力將（某人往特定方向）趕；努力干；奮力前行；（粗暴地）取得；兜售；偷竊；拉客”；D選項unveil“使公之于眾，揭開；揭幕；除去面紗；顯露”。句意：本周，十位頂級設(shè)計師將在時裝博覽會上揭示他們的秋季作品集。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

TheEastandtheWestcanworktogetherfortheir（）benefitandprogress.

問題1選項

A.common

B.mutual

C.same

D.cooperative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項common“普通的；一般的”，B選項mutual“共同的；相互的，彼此的”，C選項same“同樣的；一樣的”，D選項cooperative“合作的；合作社的”；原句：東西方可以為各自的（）利益和進(jìn)步而共同努力。通過帶入A、B、C、D可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，句子想要表達(dá)的意思是：共同的利益，而mutual是最能體現(xiàn)這個含義的，它有各自為戰(zhàn)，卻又有共同之處的含義，因此B選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Journalistsusuallyrefertowhattheywriteasstories.Notarticlesorreports,occasionallypieces,butstories.Thisdoesnotapplyonlytoreportersbuttoeverybodyintheeditorialchain,fromdeskeditors,copyeditors,specialistandsportswriterstotheeditorhimorherself.Wordspublishedinnewspapers,onairoronlinearestories.

Storiessoundinteresting;reportssounddull.Tosome,storiesmeanfiction:"Tellmeastory,mummy”.Storiesaretallandshort,madeupandtrue.Truestoriesareaboutwhathappened.Wetellstoriesinconversation,recountingexperiencesandeventsinwhichwetookpartorobserve.Thecrucialthingaboutastoryisthatotherpeoplewanttohearit,becauseitisinterestingorentertaining.Otherwisethestorytellerisabore.

Sojournalistswritestoriesfortheirreaderstotellthemwhatisgoingon,toinformthem,engagethem,entertainthem,shockthem,amusethem,disturbthem,upliftthem.Thesubjectmatterwillvaryaccordingtothenatureofthepublicationandtheintendedaudience.Thegoodnewspapereditorwillhaveaclearideaofthesortofpeoplewhoarereadingit,andcatertotheirinterestsandpreoccupations,sometimestheirprejudices.Andthepaperwillincludethatvitalingredientserendipity-thestoryyoudidn’texpect,the"justfancythat",theabsurditiesaswellasthetravailsofthehumancondition.

Journalismisbasicallyasimplegame.Itisaboutfindingthingsoutandtellingotherpeopleaboutthem.Thefindingoutrequiresavarietyofskillsbecausethoseinpoweroftenpreferthatweknowonlysomuch.Journalismisaboutholdingsuchpeopletoaccount,exposingtheirhumbugandhypocrisy,theabuseoftheirpower.Thisincludesthecontrolitgivesthemovertheflowofinformation,theabilitytoburythebadnews,tospinandobfuscate.Goodjournalistsmustasktheawkwardquestionsandquestiontheanswers,mustdigtounearthandthenexplain,makingcomprehensiblethatwhichauthority,byintentorverbalinadequacy,hasleftconfused,incompleteorplainmendacious.Incomprehensiblejournalismisquitesimplybadjournalism,andthereforepointless.

Ultimatelythereisonlyonepurpose:tomakethereaderreadthestory.Iftheydon't,whatwasthepointoffindingitoutandtellingit?Thisbookletpicksupthestorywhenthereaderhasreachedthestageofdecidingtoaddressthestory.Thatisnotthesameasreadingit,orevenreadingacertainamountofit.Theyhavejustreachedthefirstword,perhapsattractedbythepicture,theextractedquote,oranyoftheotherpresentationaldevicesusedtodragthereadertothestory.Wehavereachedthestagewherethereaderisgoingtosubjectthestorytothefinaltest,readingsomeorallofin.Thisisaboutwriting.

Newspaperreadingisdifferentfromreadingabook.Itisselective,doesnotinvolvecommitmenttothewhole.Relativelylittletimeisspentreadingadailynewspaper.Thenewspaperreader,unlikethereaderofthemoreliterarynovel,doesnotexpecttoinvesteffortintheendeavour.Heorshewillnotreadasentenceorparagraphasecondtimetobeclearaboutwhatisbeingsaid.Confusion,moreoftenthannot,willmeanabandoningthestoryaltogetherandmovingon.Manynewspaperreadersskim,sampleorgetaflavourofastoryratherthanreadingitthrough.

Sojournalisticwritingisdifferentfromcreativewriting.Manyyoungpeoplethinktheywouldliketobejournalistsbecausetheyhave"alwayslovedwriting”orstartedwritingpoemswhentheywereeight.Itiscertainlynotenoughandmaywellbeabarriertosuccessinjournalism.ThelateNicholasTomalinfamouslywrotethat"theonlyqualitiesessentialforrealsuccessinjournalismarerat-likecunning,aplausiblemanner,andalittleliteraryability."Heincludedwriting,butheplaceditthirdandprefaceditwithadiminutive.Thewritingmatters;butdon'tthinkofitasart.Thinkofitasworkingwriting,writingdoingajob,writingthatputsacrossinformationinawaythatmakesreaderswanttoabsorbit.

Atatimewhenthevastmajorityofentrantstojournalismhavedegrees—welcomebecausejournalisminacomplexworldisanintellectualpursuititisworthpointingoutthatwritingfornewspapersisalsoverydifferentfromtheacademicwritingofstudentessays.Notimetoproducearoutemapfortheessayandreachthepointsomewhereneartheend;thejournalistmustgrabtheattentionatonce.

Itisdifficulttowritesimplyandengagingly,sothatreaderswillkeepreading;toexplainsothatallthereadersunderstand,andwantto.Thisisthetaskthewritingjournalisthas.

1.Whichofthefollowingismostlyusedbyjournaliststodescribethepiecestheywrite?

2.Whatshouldagoodnewspapereditordoaccordingtothetext?

3.ThequoteofNicholasTomalinisusedtoexpressthat（）

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadifferencebetweennewspaperreadingandbookreading?

5.Whatisthefinalpurposeforjournalisticwritingaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.Reports.

B.Stories.

C.Articles.

D.Pieces.

問題2選項

A.Findthingsoutandtellreadersaboutthem.

B.Grabtheattentionatonce.

C.Catertoreaders’interestsandpreoccupations.

D.Controltheflowofinformation.

問題3選項

A.Journalisticwritingisdifferentfromwritingasanart.

B.Itisdifficulttowritesimplyandengaginglyforreaderstokeepreading.

C.Newspaperreadingisdifferentfromreadingabook.

D.Journalismisbasicallyasimplegame.

問題4選項

A.Contentsareselectedinnewspapers.

B.Lesstimeisspentreadinganewspaper.

C.Newspaperreadersareexpectedtoinvesteffortintheendeavour.

D.Newspaperreadersgetaflavourofastoryratherthanreadingitthrough.

問題5選項

A.Makingreadersspendmoretimereadinganewspaper.

B.Connectingreaderswithgovernments.

C.Makingreadersreadthestory.

D.Explaininginawaysothatallthereadersunderstand.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出“Notarticlesorreports,occasionallypieces,butstories”，不是文章或報告，偶爾的作品是故事。由此可知B項“故事”正確。

第2題:2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段“Thegoodnewspapereditorwillhaveaclearideaofthesortofpeoplewhoarereadingit,andcatertotheirinterestsandpreoccupations,sometimestheirprejudices”，一位好的報紙編輯要有明確的概念，即：什么樣的人會讀報紙，要迎合讀者的興趣，抓住讀者的注意力，有時可能要關(guān)注他們的偏見。因此C項“迎合讀者的興趣，抓住讀者的注意力”正確。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。對NicholasTomalin所述的引用在第七段，第七段的主題句是“Sojournalisticwritingisdifferentfromcreativewriting”，所以新聞寫作不同于創(chuàng)意寫作。此后的每句都是在論證這一主題句，因此A項“新聞寫作不同于創(chuàng)意寫作”正確。

第4題:4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。A:報紙上的內(nèi)容是選擇性的。第六段指出“Itisselective”，它是選擇性的，因此A項正確。B：讀報所花的時間更少。根據(jù)“Relativelylittletimeisspentreadingadailynewspaper”可知B項正確。C：報紙讀者應(yīng)該在這方面努力。根據(jù)“Thenewspaperreader,doesnotexpecttoinvesteffortintheendeavour”，看報的人并不需要投入太多的精力，因此C項與原文不符。D：報紙讀者偏愛故事，而不喜歡從頭到尾讀。根據(jù)“Manynewspaperreadersskim,sampleorgetaflavourofastoryratherthanreadingitthrough”，許多讀報者只是略讀，僅僅粗略看看故事而不是精讀，因此D項正確。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。文章講述了新聞寫作的特點與要求。因為看報者通常會花較少的時間瀏覽報紙各版面，所以新聞作品要迎合讀者口味，吸引他們的注意力。故本題選A項“讓讀者花費更多的時間去閱讀報紙”。

15.單選題

Therisingofpriceswill______offdemandsforpayincreases.

問題1選項

A.trigger

B.nudge

C.trail

D.switch

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項trigger“觸發(fā)；引起”；B選項nudge“（常用肘為引起注意）輕推”；C選項trail“沒精打采地慢走；拉”；D選項switch“轉(zhuǎn)變；交換；調(diào)班”。句意：物價上漲會______漲工資的要求。根據(jù)語境，這里指物價上漲以后人們就想要漲工資，A選項trigger“觸發(fā)；引起”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

16.單選題

Thelegislationofacountryrecentlyconsideredabilldesignedtoreducetheuncertaintyinherentintheownershipofartbyspecifyingcertainconditionsthatmustbemetbeforeanallegedlystolenworkofartcanbereclaimedofbyaplaintiff.Thebillplacestheburdenofproofinreclamationlitigationentirelyontheplaintiff,whomustdemonstratethattheholderofanitemknewatthetimeofpurchasethatithadbeenstolen.Additionally,thebillcreatesauniformnationalstatuteoflimitationsforreclamationofstolenculturalproperty.

Testifyinginsupportofthebill,JamesD.Burke,acitizenofthecountryandoneofitsleadingartmuseumdirectors,specificallypraisedtheinclusionofastatuteoflimitations;otherwise,hesaid,othercountriescouldseektoreclaimvaluableartobjects,nomatterhowlongtheyhavebeenheldbythecurrentownerorhowlegitimatelytheywereacquired.Anycountrycouldenactapatrimonylawstatingthatanythingevermadewithintheboundariesofthatcountryisitsculturalproperty.Burkeexpressedthefearthatwidespreadreclamationlitigationwouldleadtoruinouslegaldefensecostsformuseums.

However,becausesuchreclamationsuitshavenotyetbeenaproblem,thereislittlebasisforBurke’sconcern.Infact,theproposedlegislationwouldestablishtoomanyunjustifiablebarrierstothelocationandrecoveryofstolenobjects.Themainbarrieristhatthebillconsiderstheannouncementofanarttransactioninamuseumpublicationtobeadequateevidenceofanattempttonotifyapossibleowner.Therearefartoomanysuchpublicationsforthevictimofathefttosurvey,andwithonlythisformofdisclosure,astolenobjectcouldeasilyremaintheobjecttoascholarforverificationthatitisnotstolen,butitisarareacademicwhoisawareofanybutthemostpublicizedartthefts.Moreover,thetimelimitspecifiedbythestatuteoflimitationsisveryshort,andtherequirementthattheplaintiffdemonstratethattheholderhadknowledgeofthetheftisunrealistic.Typically,stolenartchangeshandsseveraltimesbeforerisingtothelevelinthemarketplacewhereacuratororcollectorwouldseeit.Atthatpoint,theobjectbearsnotraceoftheinitialtransactionbetweenthethiefandthefirstpurchaser,perhapstheonlyoneinthechainwhoknowinglyacquiredastolenworkofart.

Thus,theneedfornewlegislationtoprotectholdersofartisnotobvious.Rather,whatisnecessaryislegislationremedyingthedifficultiesthatlegitimateownersofworksofart,andcountriesfromwhichsuchworkshavebeenstolen,haveinlocationandreclaimingthesestolenworks.

51.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelysummarizesthemainpointofthepassage?

52.WhichoneofthefollowingisanexampleofthekindofactionthatBurkefearedwouldposeaseriousthreattomuseumsinhiscountry?

53.Accordingtothepassage,Burkeenvisagedthemostformidablepotentialadversariesofhiscountry’smuseumsinreclamationlitigationtobe______.

54.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardtheproposedbill?

55.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexemplifiesthesortoflegislationconsiderednecessarybytheauthorofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Variouslegaldisputeshaverecentlyarisenthatdemonstratetheneedforlegislationclarifyingthelegalpositionofmuseumsinsuitsinvolvingtherepossessionofculturalproperty.

B.Abillintendedtopreventothergovernmentsfromrecoveringculturalpropertywasrecentlyintroducedintothelegislatureofacountryatthebehestofitsmuseumdirectors.

C.Abillintendedtoprotectgood-faithpurchasersofworksofartfromreclamationlitigationisunnecessaryandfailstoaddresstheneedsoflegitimateownersattemptingtorecoverstolenartworks.

D.Clashesbetweenmuseumprofessionalsandmembersoftheacademiccommunityregardinggovernmentallegislationoftheartscanbestberesolvedbynegotiationandarbitration,notbylitigation.

問題2選項

A.Thepassageofalawbyanothercountryforbiddingthefutureexportofanyarchaeologicalobjectsuncoveredatsitswithinitsterritory.

B.Aninternationalaccordestablishingstrictcriteriafordeterminingwhetheraworkofartcanbeconsideredstolenandspecifyingthecircumstancesunderwhichitmustber