考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川文軒職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川文軒職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thereis（）whatwillhappentothem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notelling

B.nottelling

C.nottotell

D.nottobetold

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnotelling意為：難以預(yù)料，很難說(shuō)。句意：很那說(shuō)他發(fā)生了什么事。

2.單選題

Excellentfilmsarethosewhich（）_nationalandculturalbarriers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transcend

B.traverse

C.abolish

D.suppress

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。transcend“勝過(guò)，超越”；traverse“穿過(guò)，來(lái)回移動(dòng)，反駁”；abolish“廢除，廢止”；suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓”。句意：優(yōu)秀的電影是那些超越國(guó)家和文化障礙的電影。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Nowadays,acellphoneserviceisavailabletoeveryone,everywhere.Probablythousandsofpeoplehavealreadybeenusingit,butIjustdiscoveredit,soI'mgoingtoclaimitandalsonameit:FakeFoning.

Thetechnologyhasbeenworkingwellformeattheoffice,butthereareinfiniteapplications.Virtuallyinanypublicspace.

Sayyouworkatabiguniversitywithlotsoftalkyfacultymembersbuzzingabout.Now,sayyouneedtousetherestroom.Thetripdownthehallwilltakeapproximatelyonehour,becauseapersoncan’twalkintothosetalkypeoplewithoutgettingpulledasideforaquestion,abitofgossip,anewreadonacertainlineofParadiseLost.

So,acellphone.Anycellphone.Justpickitup.Don'tdial.Justholdthatphonetoyourfaceandstarttalking.Walkconfidentlydownthehallengagedinfakeconversation,makingsuretotailorboththetopicandcontenttothepersonstandingbeforeyouwhomyouaretryingtoevade.

Forstandardcolleagueavoidance,Isuggestfakechattingaboutfakebusiness:

“Yes,I’mgladyoucalled,becausewereallyneedtohammeroutthedetails.What’sthat?Yes,IreadPage12,butifyoulookatthebottomof4,Ithinkyoucanseetheproblembeginsrightthere.”

Beengagedinyourfakefoneconversation.Makeeyecontactwiththepeoplepassing,nodtothem,gesturekeeninterestintalkingtothematalatertime,pointtoyourphone,shrugandmoveon.

Shoppersshouldconsiderfakefoninganytimetheyspotatalkyneighborintheproducedepartmentpinching(用手捏)unripepeaches.Withoutyourphoneatyourface,you'dbeinfora20-minutespeechonhowterribletheworldis.

Oneimportantcautionaboutfakefoning.TheotherdayIwasfakefoningmywaypastacolleague,andhewasactuallyfollowingmetogetmyattention.IknewhewantedtoaskaboutaprojectIhadnotyetfinished.Iwastryingtobuymyselfsometime,soIcontinuedfakefoningwithmydoctor.“SoIdon’tneedtheoperation?Oh,doctor,thatisthebestnews.”

Andthen:Brrrrrrng!Brrrrrmg!Brrrrrmg!Myphonestartedringing,righttherewhileitwasplantedonmyface.Mycolleaguelookedatme,andIathim,andnaturallyIgasped.“Whatisthematterwiththisthing?”Isaid,pullingthephoneawaytolookatit,andthenputtingitbacktomyear.

“Hello?Areyoustillthere?”

Oops.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementisINCORRECT?

2.Whatisfakingfoning?

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,inordertomakefoninglookrealonehasto

4.Whatdoesthelastexampleshow?

5.Afterhisphonesuddenlybeganringing,theauthor

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Cellphoneserviceispopularamongpeople.

B.Fakefoningisanewcellphoneservice.

C.Cellphonehasmuchuseinoffice.

D.Fakefoningisanewdiscovery.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Adevicenewlyproduced.

B.Astrategytoavoidpeople.

C.Aserviceprovidedeverywhere.

D.Askillofcommunication.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.talkaboutinterestingmatters.

B.holdthephonewhilewalking.

C.appearabsorbedinconversation.

D.behavepolitelytopeoplepassingby.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Onehastobecarefulwhilefakefoning.

B.Oneeffectivewayistofakefoneone’sdoctor.

C.Fakefoningmaynotdeceivepeople.

D.Fakefoingisalwaysquitesuccessful.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.immediatelystartedtalkingtothecaller.

B.immediatelystartedtalkingtohiscolleague.

C.putthephoneawayandstoppedtalking.

D.continuedwithhisfakingconversation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。本題要找出說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，可采用排除法。文章第一句提到任何人在任何地方都可以使用手機(jī)服務(wù)，因此選項(xiàng)A“手機(jī)服務(wù)對(duì)人們來(lái)說(shuō)很普遍”正確。B選項(xiàng)說(shuō)fakefoning是一項(xiàng)新的手機(jī)服務(wù)，明顯錯(cuò)誤。而由文章第二段可知，這種方法在辦公室非常有用，故C項(xiàng)正確。文章第一段第二句指出可能已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)多的人在用這種方法了，但作者才剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)，故D項(xiàng)正確。因此本題正確答案應(yīng)為B項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷。本題詢問(wèn)fakefoning的含義，這正是文章的主題。雖然原文沒(méi)有給出fakefoning的確切定義，但通過(guò)原文內(nèi)容推理可知，fakefoning就是假裝接聽手機(jī)的意思。而foning也假借了ph的發(fā)音，其含義其實(shí)就是phoning。由原文第四段和第五段可以看出，這種假裝接電話的目的是colleagueavoidance，故B選項(xiàng)正確。其余選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)文中語(yǔ)句的混淆解釋。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)“為了讓假接手機(jī)看起來(lái)更真實(shí)，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該怎么做”。由原文第四段最后一句可知，要根據(jù)你想要避開的人而改變談?wù)摰闹黝}和內(nèi)容，因此不能只談?wù)撚腥さ脑掝}，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。而“走路的時(shí)候拿著手機(jī)”顯然也不能單純地提高真實(shí)性，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)原文第七段可知，要專注接聽電話，對(duì)路過(guò)的人只需用眼神交流一下，點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，同時(shí)還要指指電話，表示在講電話，只能以后再聊，但并不能推斷出這種禮貌地回應(yīng)能讓假接手機(jī)看起來(lái)更真實(shí)，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。只有C項(xiàng)“裝成投入到交談中的樣子（沒(méi)有注意到旁人）”最真實(shí)，最符合題意。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)文中最后一個(gè)例子的含義，其實(shí)也就是詢問(wèn)最后四段的主旨。這個(gè)例子是講作者有一次在假裝接電話時(shí)，正好有一個(gè)電話打進(jìn)來(lái)，作者只好急中生智，裝成手機(jī)出問(wèn)題斷線了，而自己還不知道后面又繼續(xù)通話，可見(jiàn)假接電話也要多加小心，故A選項(xiàng)正確。在這個(gè)例子中，作者只是剛好假裝在和醫(yī)生通話，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)認(rèn)為fakefoning可能欺騙不了別人，是片面的，作者就很巧妙地化解了尷尬局面，成功騙了同事。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)假裝接電話總是成功的，根據(jù)最后這個(gè)例子來(lái)看這也未必，還是需要小心的。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知，當(dāng)電活鈴?fù)蝗豁懫饡r(shí)，作者正好與同事四目相對(duì)，但是作者并未驚慌，只是很自然地說(shuō)道：“這東西出什么毛病了?”同時(shí)拿開手機(jī)看了一下，然后重新放回耳邊說(shuō)到：“喂喂喂，還在嗎?”由此可以看出，作者是對(duì)同事說(shuō)了一句話，因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Theemployermust（

）thattheapplicationsfortheposthavetheproperqualifications.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.justify

B.verify

C.warrant

D.perceive

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。justify“證明······是正當(dāng)?shù)模惶妗ぁぁぁぁぁまq護(hù)”；verify“核實(shí)；查證”；warrant“保證；擔(dān)?！保籶erceive“察覺(jué)，感覺(jué)”。句意：雇主必須核實(shí)針對(duì)該崗位的申請(qǐng)都有適合的資質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

IntheOsagetribeofOklahoma,beadedbelts______whoheldahighsocialstatus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlybywomenwerefashioned

B.bywomenwerefashionedonly

C.werefashionedonlybywomen

D.werebywomenfashionedonly

【答案】C

【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。一般來(lái)說(shuō)被動(dòng)句式中的主語(yǔ)后面應(yīng)該緊跟發(fā)生的動(dòng)詞，即被怎么樣了，然后才是發(fā)出動(dòng)作的人、物，即被誰(shuí)怎么樣，所以在這個(gè)順序中，只有C是符合的。句意：在俄克拉何馬州的奧賽治族印第安部落里，鑲嵌串珠的腰帶只能由社會(huì)地位較高的女性來(lái)制作。因此，該題正確答案為C。

6.翻譯題

世界都在關(guān)注北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)后中國(guó)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)走向。我們可以明確地說(shuō)，中國(guó)將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定不移地走和平發(fā)展道路，繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持改革開放不動(dòng)搖，繼續(xù)貫徹獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策。這符合中國(guó)人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，順應(yīng)世界潮流。這次北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)是在中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家舉行的。國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)中國(guó)政府和人民為此做出的努力給予了高度評(píng)價(jià)。奧運(yùn)會(huì)的成功舉辦，使中國(guó)人民受到了極大的鼓舞，增強(qiáng)了實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的信心和力量。

(參考詞匯：remaincommitted;fundamentalinterests;inspire;confidence)

【答案】

NowthewholeworldwantstoknowinwhatdirectionChinaisheading,bothpoliticallyandeconomically,aftertheBeijingOlympicGames.LetmetellyouinunequivocaltermsthatChinawillremaincommittedtothepathofpeacefuldevelopment,unswervinglypursuereformandopening-up,andcontinuetoadheretoanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace.ThisisinthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeopleandthepeopleofallothercountries.Itisalsoinkeepingwiththetrendoftheworld.ThejustconcludedOlympicGameswasheldinChina,thelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.TheinternationalcommunityhashighlycommendedtheeffortsmadebytheChineseGovernmentandpeoplefortheGames.ThesuccessoftheOlympicGameshasgreatlyencouragedtheChinesepeopleandboostedtheirconfidenceandstrengthinrealizingmodernization.

7.單選題

ThemyththatUnitedStatesisnotopentoconcernsfromoutsidehasbeen______atastroke.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.demolished

B.precluded

C.kindled

D.hampered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)demolish“拆除，破壞，推翻，駁倒”，B項(xiàng)preclude“排除，妨礙，阻止”，C項(xiàng)kindle“點(diǎn)燃，著火，激起，照亮”，D項(xiàng)hamper“妨礙，束縛，使困累”。由myth“神話”和atastroke“一下子”可知，“推翻”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：美國(guó)不會(huì)對(duì)外開放的神話一下子就被推翻了。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.問(wèn)答題

Identityisabouthowwedefinewhoweare.Literally,bothidentityandtheselfmean“thesameas”.Inculturaltheoryidentityisusedtodescribetheconsciousnessofselffoundinthemodernindividual.Themodernselfisunderstoodtobeautonomousandself-critical.TheGermanphilosopherG.W.F.Hegelsawindividualism,therighttocriticismandautonomyofactionasthethreemaincharacteristicsofmodernsubjectivity.Thisself-reflexiveaspectofidentitymeansthat,inthemodernage,identityisunderstoodtobeaproject.Itisnotfixed.Theautobiographicalthinkingthatcharacterizesmodernidentitycreatesacoherentsenseofapastidentity,butthatidentityhastobesustainedinthepresentandremadeinthefuture.Theconstantremakingofidentityrevealsthatthesenseofselfistosomeextentanillusion,becausethemakingoftheselfrequiresaconstantinteractionwiththenot-selfornon-identity:theexternalworld.

InmodemWesternsocieties,certainidentitieshavebeenprivilegedoverothers.Menhavebeenprivilegedoverwomen.WhiteEuropeanshavebeenprivilegedovernon-whites.Certainmodesofsexualbehaviorhavedefinednormalagainstdeviantsexualidentities.“Identitypolitics”isthetermusedtodescribetheemergenceintothepoliticalarenaofidentitiesotherthanthoseofwhite,European,heterosexualmen.TheassertionofalternativeidentitieshasfollowedanumberofdifferentstrategieswhichJonathanDollimoredividesintofourtypesof“reversediscourses”:(1)theassertionofapositiveidentityasnormalandnaturalasthedominant“norm”;(2)theassertionofanegativeidentity,whichisabnormal,butcanbeexplainedandassimilatedbyrecoursetolegitimating(forexample,medicalorscientific)discourses;(3)theassertionofadifferentidentityasmorenaturalandnormalthanthedominantnorm;(4)thestrategyoftransgression,wheretheverycategoriesthatdefinewhatisnormalandabnormalaresubverted.Thefirstofthesefourcanbedescribedasessentialiststrategies.Theyassertoppositionalidentityasessentiallyunchangeable.Anexamplewouldbetheculturalmovementknownas“negritude”whichemergedattheendoftheFrenchEmpire.Oneofitsleadingproponents,LeopoldSenghorarguedthatAfricancultureis“moresensitivetotheexternalworld,tothematerialaspectofbeingsandthings”.However,theresultofsuchstrategiesisoftenanti-essentialist.AnassertiveAfricanculturewillinfactchangethenatureofbothAfricanandEuropeanidentities.Thefourthreversediscourseisexplicitlyanti-essentialist.Identityisunderstoodtobeperformative,notbasedonanyessentialcharacteristics,butratherisaperformancebasedonculturalexpectations.Dollimore’sexampleofananti-essentialistidentityisOscarWilde,whofamouslyarguedfortheprimacyofcultureinhisstatementthat“l(fā)ifeimitatesart”.

Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinidentitypoliticsemergingfromthisinsighthasbeenqueerpolitics.Thishasdevelopedfromlesbianandgaypolitics;butqueerpoliticsresiststhedivisionofsexualityintoabinaryoppositionofessentialisthomosexualorheterosexualidentities.Instead,JudithButlerarguesthatidentitiesaretheproductsofthediscoursesthatdefinesexuality.Weperformmasculinityorfemininity,homosexualityorheterosexualityaccordingtoascriptalreadywrittenastheculturalconventionsofoursociety.Inthisview,identitiesareculturalconstructionsratherthanpre-set.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythat“inthemodernage,identityisunderstoodtobeaproject”inParagraph1?

3.Inwhoseinterestsistheterm“identitypolitics”putforwardinParagraph2?

4.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofOscarWildeinParagraph2?

5.Whatistheauthorlikelytotalkaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

【答案】1.Thepassageisabout(thedefinitionof)identity.

2.Becausethepastidentityhastobesustainedinthepresentandremadeinthefuture.

3.PeoplewhoarenotprivilegedinmodernWesternsociety.

4.Becausehearguedfortheprimacyofcultureinhisstatement,whichsubvertedtheverycategoriesthatdefinewhatisnormalandabnormal.

5.Thefollowingparagraphwilldiscusstheinfluencesonidentitiesthatsocialculturebrings.

9.單選題

Youngdriversunder25have

thehighestnumberofaccidentswhilethoseover50have（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theless

B.theleast

C.thefewer

D.thefewest

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)前面的thehighestnumber可知填空處也應(yīng)該填入最高級(jí),

首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C。填空處選項(xiàng)實(shí)際上省略了number這個(gè)詞,

如果是few的話,

后面應(yīng)該是接numbers,

所以選項(xiàng)B正確。句意：25歲以下的年輕司機(jī)出事幾率最高,而50歲以上的老司機(jī)出事幾率則最低。

10.單選題

Jackisgood,kind,hard-workingandintelligent.（

）,Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asaresult

B.Bytheway

C.Inaword

D.Onthecontrary

【答案】C

【解析】asaresult作為結(jié)果；bytheway順便說(shuō)；inaword總之，簡(jiǎn)言之；onthecontrary正相反。句意：杰克善良、勤奮、聰明?？傊?，我對(duì)他評(píng)價(jià)再高也不過(guò)分。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（

）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guarantee

B.security

C.demand

D.target

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。guarantee保障，擔(dān)保；security安全；demand需求；target目標(biāo)。

句意：身體健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Blockedvesselshaveseveral（

）symptoms:chestpain,shortnessofbreath,andanabnormalcardiacstresstest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.classic

B.concise

C.original

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.classic典型的；經(jīng)典的B.concise簡(jiǎn)明的

C.original原來(lái)的；首創(chuàng)的；新穎的D.obscure偏僻的；陰暗的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】阻塞的血管有許多……癥狀：胸痛，氣促，心臟應(yīng)激性驟停。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是首發(fā)的癥狀，C選項(xiàng)original“原來(lái)的；首創(chuàng)的；新穎的”可引申為首發(fā)的意思。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)classic典型的；經(jīng)典的，多用來(lái)指著作、理論等是經(jīng)典的、典型的，所以排除；

B選項(xiàng)concise簡(jiǎn)明的，多指簡(jiǎn)潔明了，不用來(lái)形容病癥；

D選項(xiàng)obscure偏僻的；陰暗的，不符合句意。

【句意】阻塞的血管有很多首發(fā)癥狀：胸痛，氣促，心臟應(yīng)激性驟停。

13.單選題

Hehadscarcelylefttherailwaystation_______itstartedtorain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.than

B.then

C.when

D.since

【答案】C

【解析】scarcelywhen為固定用法,表示"一...就..."。句意：他一離開火車站就開始下起了雨。選項(xiàng)C正確。

14.單選題

Althoughmany（modifications）havebeenmadeinit,thegameknownintheUnitedStatesasfootballcanbetraceddirectlytotheEnglishgameofrugby.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rules

B.changes

C.demands

D.leagues

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。modification表示“修改，修正”；A項(xiàng)rule“規(guī)則，建議，統(tǒng)治”，B項(xiàng)change“變化，改變，替代物”，C項(xiàng)demand“（堅(jiān)決的或困難的）要求，（顧客的）需求”，D項(xiàng)league“聯(lián)盟，社團(tuán)，范疇”。句意：盡管對(duì)其進(jìn)行了許多修改，但在美國(guó)被稱為足球的比賽可以直接追溯到英國(guó)的橄欖球比賽。根據(jù)句意可知，B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

The（

）preventsthepeopleinthetwoneighboringnationsfromlivinginpeace.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brevity

B.amenity

C.enmity

D.fidelity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。brevity“簡(jiǎn)潔”；amenity“舒適，愉悅”；enmity“敵意，憎恨”；fidelity“忠誠(chéng)”。題干中提到有一種東西會(huì)阻止兩鄰國(guó)友好相處，這種東西很明顯是enmity，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

The（）betweenthetwoplayingperiodsofafootballgameisonlyafewminutes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.internal

B.reserve

C.interval

D.radium

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)internal“內(nèi)部”；B選項(xiàng)reserve“預(yù)備，儲(chǔ)存”；C選項(xiàng)interval“間隔，間距”；D選項(xiàng)radium“鐳”。句意：足球比賽兩場(chǎng)比賽之間的間隔只有幾分鐘。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

17.單選題

The______cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompatible

B.exceeding

C.instantaneous

D.eternal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的，不兼容的”，B項(xiàng)exceeding“非常的”，C項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的”，D項(xiàng)eternal“永恒的”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾關(guān)鍵詞cycleoflifeanddeath“生死循環(huán)”，把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入，只有D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：生與死的永恒循環(huán)是科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家都感興趣的話題。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Youmay（

）earlyasyouhavetocatchanearlytraintomorrow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remain

B.reverse

C.retreat

D.retire

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。remain意為“保留”；reverse意為“顛倒，翻轉(zhuǎn)”；retreat意為“撤退，離開”；retire意為“退休”。

句意：你可能要早點(diǎn)離開了，因?yàn)槟忝髟邕€要去趕火車。

19.單選題

Tosurvive,psychologicallyaswellasphysically,humanbeingmustinhabitaworldthatisrelativelyfreeofambiguityandreasonablypredictable.Somesortofstructuremustbeplacedupontheendlessprofusionofincomingsignals.Theinfant,bornintoaworldofflashing,hissing,movingimages,soonlearnstoadaptbyresolvingthischaosintotoysandtables,dogsandparents.Evenadultswhohavehadtheirvisionorhearingrestoredthroughsurgerydescribetheworldasafrighteningandsometimesunbearableexperience;onlyafterdaysofeffortaretheyabletotransformblurandnoiseintomeaningfulandthereforemanageableexperiences.

Itiscommonplacetotalkasiftheworld"has"meaning,toaskwhat"is"themeaningofaphrase,agesture,apainting,acontract.Yetwhenthoughtabout,itisclearthateventsaredevoidofmeaninguntilsomeoneassignsittothem.Thereisnoappropriateresponsetoaboworahandshake,ashoutorawhisper,untilitisinterpreted.Adropofwaterandthecolorredhavenomeaning,theysimplyexist.Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.

Peopleareneverpassivereceivers,merelyabsorbingeventsofobvioussignificance,butareactiveinassigningmeaningtosensation.Whatanyeventacquiredinthewayofmeaningappearstoreflectatransactionbetweenwhatistheretobeseenorheard,andwhattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.

Thediversityofreactionsthatcanbetriggeredbyasingleexperience-meetingastranger,negotiatingacontract,attendingatextileconferenceisimmense.Eachobserverisforcedtoseeitthroughhisowneyes,interpretitinthelightofhisownvalues,fitittotherequirementsofhisowncircumstances.Asaconsequence,everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.EachwillacceptsonicrelationsamongthefactsanddenyothersEachwillarriveatsomeconclusion,tentativeorcertain,asthesoundsandformsresolveintoa"temple"or"barn",a"compliment"or"insult".

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Inordertoassignmeaningtoanythingintheworld,oneneedsto

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticleisto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theworldisbewilderingtotheinfantandtotheadultalike.

B.surgerywillrestoreameaningfulworldtothosewhoundertakeit

C.anyresponsetotheworldwouldbeimpossibleifmeaningwerenotfirstassignedtoit

D.theworldwillbedevoidofmeaningifpeoplefailtounderstandthespecialincomingsignals

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.haveafullknowledgeofthestructureoftheworld

B.transformtheincomingsignals,withthehelpofpreviousexperiences,sothattheycanserveone'sownpurpose

C.differentiateincomingsignalsthatareofsignificanceandthosethatarenot

D.beendowedwithcreativeness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Onlyvisualimagescanbeassignedmeaning

B.Incomingsignalsexistforthepurposeofconveyingmeaningtopeople

C.Anindividualmighthavetoadapthimselftothediversifiedexperienceinthisworld

D.Peoplemayhavedifferentresponsestothesameincomingsignal.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.illustratethedifferentperspectivespeoplemaytakeininterpretinganexperience

B.showthatmeaningisbutasubjectivematter

C.demonstratehowwecanassignmeaningtotheworld

D.arguethatoneneedstohavesomeinsighttounderstandtheworld

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句“Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.人類感知的目的是使世界變得可理解，以便成功地管理世界;意義的歸屬是行動(dòng)的前提和準(zhǔn)備?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“如果世界沒(méi)有提前被賦予具體意義，那么對(duì)于世界的任何反應(yīng)都是不可能的”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段可知“whattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.這是解釋者根據(jù)過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和普遍的動(dòng)機(jī)而得出的結(jié)論。因此，意義的歸屬始終是一個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的過(guò)程，通過(guò)這個(gè)過(guò)程，原始的感覺(jué)被轉(zhuǎn)化為符合觀察者的目標(biāo)?！贝鸢窧

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.每個(gè)觀察者從不同的角度來(lái)看待每一個(gè)對(duì)象和信息。每個(gè)人都會(huì)注意到一些特征而忽略其他的。”可知D項(xiàng)正確，答案D

第4題:主旨大意題。文章第一段就提到，世界必須被賦予具體的意義。以及第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.人們看待事物的視角和觀點(diǎn)不同，那么賦予事物的含義也會(huì)不同。”可知整篇文章作者的寫作目的是表明事物的含義都是人賦予的，是主觀的東西。答案B

20.單選題

Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobebasedon

B.whichtobaseupon

C.uponwhichtobase

D.towhichtobebased

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知wecan’tformaworthwhileopinion是主句，forweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，在這個(gè)從句中___ourthinking是knowledge的定語(yǔ)，展開后半截應(yīng)該是tobaseourthinkinguponfactualknowledge，是主句中的we主動(dòng)的發(fā)出base這個(gè)動(dòng)作，所以不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除A，D選項(xiàng)；動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要加上which完善結(jié)構(gòu)（但是并非從句）且和base這個(gè)動(dòng)作搭配的介詞upon需要放在which之前，排除B選項(xiàng)。句意：沒(méi)有事實(shí)，我們就不能形成有價(jià)值的觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲覀冃枰聦?shí)知識(shí)來(lái)作為我們思考的基礎(chǔ)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Thismorningwhenshewaswalkinginthestreet,ablackcar（）besideher.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drewout

B.drewoff

C.drewdown

D.drewup

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。drawout“取出，擬定，拉長(zhǎng)”；drawoff“撤退，轉(zhuǎn)移”；drawdown“引來(lái)，招致”；drawup“草擬，停住”。句意：這個(gè)早上當(dāng)她正走在街上的時(shí)候，一輛黑色的汽車停在她旁邊。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

22.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（

）

abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和上下文語(yǔ)義。soared飆升；mutated突變，變異；plummeted驟然下跌；fluctuated波動(dòng)。根據(jù)下句“l(fā)owestlevelin9years”可推測(cè)，這里指下跌，所以選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

23.單選題

Thegoals（）hehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.afterwhich

B.withwhich

C.forwhich

D.atwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。這是一個(gè)介詞+代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，fought的原型的fight，和不同的介詞搭配，fightafter“在……之后戰(zhàn)斗”；fightwith“與……一起戰(zhàn)斗”；fightfor“為……而戰(zhàn)，而奮斗”。句意：他為之奮斗終生的目標(biāo)對(duì)他不再重要了。forwhichhehadfought做goals的定語(yǔ)，將fightfor搭配中的for放在which之前。因此，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

24.單選題

（

）thecaraccident,theywouldhavearrivedearlier.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Exceptfor

B.Butfor

C.Besides

D.Savefor

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。exceptfor除了……以外；butfor要不是……；besides此外，而且；savefor保存為，除……之外。句意：要不是那場(chǎng)車禍，他們可能早就到了。由下文theywouldhavearrivedearlier可知該句表示的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬。butfor+n/pron，用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故答案B

25.單選題

Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheidealsoftheirelders.Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyarenothingmorethanpasthistory.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheonethatprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed.

Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Officehours,forinstance,arenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn’tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibility?Andwhataboutclothing?Whosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrabgreysuitsandconvicthaircuts?Ifweruinourmindstomoreseriousmatters,whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?Whyaretheysounhappyandguilt-riddenintheirpersonallives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessions?Cananythingberightwiththerat-race?Haven’ttheoldlosttouchwithailthatisimportantinlife?

Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn’tbeenexactlyspotless.Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.Today,thesituationmightbereversed.Theold——iftheyarepreparedtoadmititcouldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”.Enjoymentisaprincipleonecouldapplytoallaspectsoflife.Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisure;toshedrestrictinginhibitions.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb;theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation.Thisistheirgloriousheritage.Canwebesurprisedthattheyshouldsooftenquestionthesanityofthegenerationthatbequeathedit?

1.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesintheyoungisNOTmentioned?

2.Whatdotheyoungrejectmost?

3.Whydotheyoungstressonthepresent?

4.Whatcantheoldlearnfromtheyounggeneration?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bettereducated.

B.Moremoneyandfreedom.

C.Independence.

D.Hardwork.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Values

B.Theassumptionoftheciders.

C.Conformity

D.Conventionalideas.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb.

B.Theydislikethepast.

C.Theythinkthepresentworldisthebest.

D.Theyareafraidofdestruction.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Enjoymentisnotsinful.

B.Peopleshouldhavemoreleisuretime.

C.Menmightenjoylife.

D.Oneshouldenjoyone’swork

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下列哪項(xiàng)不是文章提到的關(guān)于年輕人的特征”。文章第一段提到“年輕人受了良好的教育。他們花錢享受自由。他們很快成長(zhǎng)并且不依賴父母?！保═heyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents），由此可以得知只有選項(xiàng)D“努力工作”沒(méi)有提及到，符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“年輕人最反感的是什么”。文章第二段提到“他們懷疑上一代人的設(shè)想，并且打破了他們的滿足狀態(tài)”（Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency），第二段后面的那幾個(gè)問(wèn)句都體現(xiàn)出了年輕一代不再固守成規(guī)，不愿意像上一代人一樣，選項(xiàng)C“一致性”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“為什么年輕人強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在”。文章最后一段提到“對(duì)現(xiàn)在的重視是意料之中的，因?yàn)槟贻p人是在炸彈的陰影下長(zhǎng)大，且經(jīng)受著被徹底毀滅的威脅”（Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb;theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“老一輩能從年輕一輩那里學(xué)到什么”。文章最后一段提到如果老一輩愿意學(xué)習(xí)年輕一輩的話，最重要的一課便是享受并不是罪過(guò)（Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

26.單選題

Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis（1）tosayitanyway.Heisthat

（2）

bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently

（3）

anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot

（4）thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.

Evenhe,however,mighttrembleatthe

（5）

ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly

（6）

thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin

（7）

areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.

ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,scoring12-15pointsabovethe

（8）

valueof100,andhavecontributeddisproportionatelytotheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe

（9）

oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,affirmtheyalsosuffermoreoft