考研考博-英語-安徽黃梅戲藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽黃梅戲藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

JosephWeizenbaum,professorofcomputerscienceatMIT,thinksthatthesenseofpoweroverthemachineultimatelycorruptsthecomputerhackerandmakeshimintoanotverydesirablesortofprogrammer.34.Thehackersaresoinvolvedwithdesigningtheirprogram,makingitmoreandmorecomplexandbendingittotheirwill,thattheydon’tbothertryingtomakeitunderstandabletootherusers.Theyrarelykeeprecordsoftheirprogramsforthebenefitofothers,andtheyrarelytaketimetounderstandwhyaproblemoccurred.

Computerscienceteacherssaytheycanusuallypickouttheprospectivehackersintheircoursesbecausethesestudentsmaketheirhomeworkassignmentsmorecomplexthantheyneedtobe.Ratherthanusingthesimplestandmostdirectmethod,theytakejoyinaddingextrastepsjusttoprovetheiringenuity.

Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome."ThathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairatMITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos.“AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany.”

Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.If,asmanypsychiatristssay,playisreallythebasisforallhumanactivity,thenthehackergamesarereallythepreparationforfuturedevelopments.SherryTurkle,aprofessorofsociologyatMIT,hasforyearsbeenstudyingthewaycomputersfitintopeople’slives.Shepointsoutthatthecomputer,becauseitseemstoustobeso“intelligent”，so“capable”，so“human”，affectsthewaywethinkaboutourselvesandourideasaboutwhatweare.Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren’seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.

“Theyoungsterscanformasmanysubtlenuances（細(xì)微差距）andtexturedrelationshipswiththecomputersastheycanwithpeople.”Turklepointsout.

1.Thepassagetellsabout（）.

2.AccordingtoProf.Weizenbaum,whatledtothehackers’strangebehavioris（）.

3.InProf.Dertouzos’opinion,weknowthat（）.

4.Thephrase“todevelopanidentity”（Para.4）means（）.

5.Thepassagetriestoconveytoitsreaderstheideathat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestrangebehaviorofthecomputerhackers

B.theultimateimportanceofbringinglipcomputerhackers

C.differentopinionsconcerningthehackerphenomenon

D.theemergenceofcomputerhackers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theirstrongdesiretocontrolthecomputer

B.theirignoranceoftheresponsibilityofaprogrammer

C.theirincompetenceinmakingnewcomputerprograms

D.theirdeliberateattemptstomaketheirprogramscomplexandimpracticable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.computerindustrywillcertainlymakemultimillionairesofthehackers

B.thehackersarelikelytobeverysuccessfulbusinessmen

C.thehackersprobablyhavebetterinsightintothefuturethanotherpeople

D.onlyafewhackerswillbesuccessfulintheirlaterlife

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tobecomedistinguished

B.toseekananswer

C.tobuildupacreativeability

D.toformahabit

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.perhapsthehackerphenomenonisnotbadatall

B.thoughthehackersareinfactplayingwiththecomputer,theremaybesomebenefits

C.thecomputerhackersarethehopeofthecomputerindustryoftomorrow

D.thecomputerhackerscouldbeusefulifunderproperguidance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。全文主要講述了不同人士（Joseph，電腦老師等）對(duì)黑客的看法，故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由“Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.從這個(gè)角度來看，黑客現(xiàn)象也許并沒有那么奇怪?？芍擃}答案在第三段可以找到。由第三段Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome."ThathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairatMITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos.“AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany.但也許這些黑客知道一些我們不知道的事情。麻省理工學(xué)院教授邁克爾?德圖佐斯表示:“在麻省理工學(xué)院，那個(gè)曾經(jīng)不得不被人從椅子上拽下來的黑客，如今已成為計(jì)算機(jī)行業(yè)的千萬富翁?！眱晌磺昂诳统蔀榱朔浅３晒Φ奶O果家用電腦公司的創(chuàng)始人。”可知這些黑客都成為了計(jì)算機(jī)行業(yè)的頂級(jí)成功人士，他們都是想控制電腦。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome.但也許這些黑客知道一些我們不知道的事情?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“這些黑客可能對(duì)于未來比其他人有更好的洞察力”正確。

4.詞義題。由第四段“Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren’seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.她說，電腦和電腦玩具已經(jīng)在孩子們努力發(fā)展特性的過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢宰尯⒆觽儨y(cè)試關(guān)于什么是有生命的想法。故todevelopanidentity是指孩子通過尋找答案來發(fā)展自己的特性。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。作者在本文提到了黑客有著與普通人不一樣的洞察力，他們會(huì)把程序編得很復(fù)雜，目的只是為了控制電腦。并且文中提到了不少黑客已經(jīng)成為計(jì)算機(jī)行業(yè)的頂級(jí)成功人士。所以本文提到的黑客與大家眼中的黑客形象有出入，文中描繪的黑客形象并沒有那么惡劣。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Technologicaldevelopments（）newskillsinmanyindustries，leavingthoseworkerswithoutdatedskillsoutofwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.necessitate

B.associate

C.negotiate

D.differentiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)necessitate“使成為必要，需要”，B選項(xiàng)associate“聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系”，C選項(xiàng)negotiate“談判，商議”，D選項(xiàng)differentiate“區(qū)分，使有差別”。句意：技術(shù)的發(fā)展使許多行業(yè)產(chǎn)生了新技能，使那些擁有過時(shí)技能的工人失業(yè)。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

WithsomuchfocusontheOhioenergyfirmwhoselapsesmayhavetriggeredtheblackoutof2003,it’sbeenhardtorememberthattherealquestionisnothowitstarted,butwhyitspreadsofarandsofast.Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.Alloftheseareborrowedfromthephysicalsciences.Maybeabetterwaytolookatitisinbiologicalterms.

Wealreadyusethelanguageofepidemiologywhenwespeakof“viruses”propagatingacrosstheInternet,“infecting”ourcomputer.Likewise,it’stemptingtoviewtheblackout,spreadingfromlinktolinkalongthepowergrid,asaperniciouskindofelectricalcontagion.Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.

Justasthesymptomsofasevereallergicreactionarecausednotbytheoffendingbeewhostingsitselfbutbytheoverzealousresponseofthebody’simmunesystemtoit,sotheblackoutwasaggravatedbythegrid’sattempttodefenditself,onepowerstationatatime.Threatenedbyatorrentofelectricalenergygoneberserkeroverwhelmedbythesuddenloadsplacedonit,eachpowerplantinturntrippeditscircuitbreakers,detachingitselffromthegrid.Thoughthisstrategyachieveditsdesiredaim-savingeachplant’sgeneratorfrombeingdamaged—itwastoomyopictoservethebestinterestsofthegridasawhole.

Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.Whenourownimmunesystemsareperformingattheirbest,theyorchestratetheirdefensesthroughcountlesschemicalconversationsamongT-cellsandantibodies,enablingthesedefenderstocalibratetheirresponsetopathogens.Inthesameway,thethousandsofpowerplantssubstationsinthegridneedtobeabletocommunicatewithoneanotherwhenanypartofthesystemisbreached,sotheycancollectivelydecidewhichcircuitbreakersshouldbetrippedandwhichcansafelyremainintact.

Thetechnologynecessarytoachievethishasexistedforaboutadecade.Itreliesoncomputer,sensorsandprotectivedevicestiedtogetherbyopticalfibersothatallpartsofthegridwouldbeabletotalktooneanotheratthespeedoflight-fastenoughtogetaheadofanonrushingblackoutandconfineit.

Thesensorswouldcontinuouslymonitorthevoltage,frequencyandotherimportantcharacteristicsoftheelectricitycoursingthroughthetransmissionlines.Whenalineappearedatriskofbeingoverloaded,acomputerwoulddecidewhethertoswitchonaprotectivedevice.Atpresent,suchdecisionsaremadepurelyparochially.Powerplantsdefendthemselvesfirst,anddon’tworryabouttheconsequencesforneighboringplantsonthegrid.Nordotheyconsideranypotentiallyhelpfulorharmfulactionsthatthoseneighborsmightbetakingatthesametime.

Inthenewapproach,eachplantwouldhavenearlyinstantaneousinformationaboutalltheotherplantsandpowerlinesinitsextendedneighborhood.Everyonewouldknowwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandthinking.Asthreatsarose(eitherfromrandomfailuresormaliciousattacks),thesensorswouldfireaflurryofwarningsignalsdowntheopticalfibers,andthenetworkedcomputerswoulddecidewhichprotectivedevicestoactivatetocontainthethreatmosteffectively.Thegridwouldthenberespondingasanintegratedentity,notasaragtagcollectionofselfishunits.Itwouldlookalotlikeanorganismdefendingitself.

Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.Buttheconstructionofasystemwideimmunenetworkwouldbewellworththecost.Withoutit,ouroverburdenedgridislikelytofailmoreandmoreoften,andmightevencollapse,withcoststhatwouldbeincalculable,botheconomicallyandintermsofnationalsecurity.Stateandfederalgovernmentsneedtostepinandprovideincentivesforutilitiestodotherightthing.

Ofcourse,evenifthisnewkindofsmartdefensesystemweretobebuiltsomeday,onecanalreadyimagineaninsidiousdisorderthatmighteventuallyoutsmartitandafflictit,acatastrophicdisruptionoftheimmunesystemitself,ratherthanthegridit’ssupposedtoprotect.SuchathingwouldbethetechnologicalanalogofAIDS.

Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.Weneedtostoppretendingthatthegridisevergoingtobeaperfectiblemachine.Justasbacteriaeventuallydevelopresistancetotheantibioticsusedtokillthem,thedefenseofthegridwillrequireever-moreinventivestrategiesonourpart.Weshouldrecognizethatthepowergridneedstoevolveandadapt,justlikeanyothersuccessfullivingcreature.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichofthefollowingisanappropriatedescriptionforwhytheblackoutof2003spreadsofarandsofast?（）

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheviewsmadebymostcommentatorsontheblackoutof2003is

（）.

3.Thearticlesaysthebestwaytopreventsuchablackoutfromhappeninginthefutureisto（）.

4.Settingupadistributedcontrolsystemforthegridwouldbe（）.

5.Thearticlepointsoutthattheproposedpreventivemeasuresagainstblackouts（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acascadingfailure.

B.Anelectricalcontagion.

C.Asevereallergicreaction.

D.Anattackbyviruses.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.developanewsystemtocoordinateallplants

B.buildabettersystemtomakeeachplantmoresensitive

C.makeeachplantmoreindependentofotherplants

D.suspendpowerwhenthesystemisoverloaded

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.welcomedbyallenergycompanies

B.unattractivetoenergycompanies

C.uselesstopreventsuchablackout

D.harmfultonationalsecurity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.mustcauseacatastrophicdisruptionofthepowergrid

B.aregoingtobeperfectthroughrepeatedpractice

C.appeartoberealisticbutinfactarenotfeasible

D.areejectedtoimproveastimegoesby

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（這是一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，一個(gè)連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”和第二段“Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.（這次停電并不是由傳染性電疾病引起的；它是由網(wǎng)格對(duì)這種疾病威脅的免疫反應(yīng)引起的。換句話說，電網(wǎng)遭受了劇烈的過敏反應(yīng)，一種過敏性休克。）”由此可知這次停電是一次過敏反應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)“連鎖故障”；B選項(xiàng)“電傳染病”；D選項(xiàng)“病毒攻擊”說法都不正確，只有C選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重的過敏反應(yīng)”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（大多數(shù)評(píng)論家沒有正面回答這個(gè)問題，而是用了一些常見的比喻：這是一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，一個(gè)連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”以及第二段作者說到“Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.（但這也不是一個(gè)正確的比喻。）”，由此可知作者并不認(rèn)同多數(shù)評(píng)論家的比喻。A選項(xiàng)“積極的”不正確；B選項(xiàng)“消極的”正確；C選項(xiàng)“中立的”以及D選項(xiàng)“諷刺的”都不是作者的態(tài)度，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.（現(xiàn)在需要的是一種更微妙、更協(xié)調(diào)的反應(yīng)模式。）”。A選項(xiàng)“開發(fā)一個(gè)新的系統(tǒng)來協(xié)調(diào)所有的發(fā)電廠”；C選項(xiàng)“讓每個(gè)發(fā)電廠獨(dú)立于其他電廠”和D選項(xiàng)“系統(tǒng)過載時(shí)暫停供電”都不符合題意，只有B選項(xiàng)“建立一個(gè)更好的系統(tǒng)，使每個(gè)發(fā)電廠更加靈敏”符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.（誠(chéng)然，這樣一個(gè)分布式控制系統(tǒng)將花費(fèi)數(shù)十億美元，而且在這個(gè)放松管制的時(shí)代，能源公司將沒有什么動(dòng)力聯(lián)合起來建設(shè)它，尤其是當(dāng)最大的錢在發(fā)電上的時(shí)候。）”，由此可知該分布式控制系統(tǒng)并不受能源公司的歡迎。A選項(xiàng)“受到所有能源公司的歡迎”說法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)能源公司沒有吸引力”說法正確；C選項(xiàng)“阻止這樣的停電是沒有用的”以及D選項(xiàng)“危害國(guó)家安全”文中均沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十段“Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.（也許前景黯淡，但卻是現(xiàn)實(shí)的。）”，由此可知雖然該措施看起來可行，但是前景黯淡。A選項(xiàng)“一定會(huì)對(duì)電網(wǎng)造成災(zāi)難性的破壞”；B選項(xiàng)“通過反復(fù)的練習(xí)會(huì)變得完美”；D選項(xiàng)“隨著時(shí)間的推移被逐出改善”都不符合題意，只有C選項(xiàng)“看似現(xiàn)實(shí)，實(shí)則不可行”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Theirroomwasonthethirdfloor,itswindow______thesportsground.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overlooks

B.overlooking

C.overlooked

D.tooverlook

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：他們的房間在三樓，從窗戶可以俯瞰運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)。逗號(hào)前句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，逗號(hào)后闡述的對(duì)象換成itswindow并且和overlook構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，但是沒有引導(dǎo)詞來構(gòu)成從句，確定考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)itswindow和overlook構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，確定用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，B選項(xiàng)overlooking符合題意。A選項(xiàng)overlooks是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)，C選項(xiàng)overlooked是過去分詞，表示被動(dòng)，D選項(xiàng)tooverlook是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示目的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimepasses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulationthatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.

Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.

Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.

Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?

2.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.

B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.

C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.

D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Byorganizingit.

B.Byrepeatingit.

C.Bygivingitaname.

D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toexemplifypoormemory.

B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.

C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.

D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.

B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.

C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.

D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.One’smemorycapacitycanbeenhancedbyroterehearsal.

B.Puttinginformationtowritingissuggestedtoimprovememory.

C.Providingsufficientpromptshelpsinformationretrieval.

D.Multiplechoiceexamsarethemostdifficult.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干中的STM可以將答案定位到文章第一段第四句。本題問記憶是如何進(jìn)入短時(shí)記憶中的。第一段第四句提到，“進(jìn)入短時(shí)記憶的信息是通過感覺儲(chǔ)存區(qū)域傳遞到那里的?！辈⒃谙挛慕忉屨f，“大腦有一個(gè)過濾機(jī)制，只允許當(dāng)下有用的刺激通過，傳遞到短時(shí)記憶中?！庇纱丝梢姡x項(xiàng)B“它們從感覺儲(chǔ)存區(qū)域被過濾”是正確答案。其他三項(xiàng)文中均未提及。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)題。題干說科學(xué)家認(rèn)為普通人如何在短時(shí)間內(nèi)記住更多的信息？通過題干我們可以定位到第二段，第二段的主旨就是講如何記住更多的信息，我們?cè)倏吹降诙蔚淖詈笠痪?，“Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM…”這里提示了我們答案為A，也就是重新組織我們需要記憶的東西可以幫助我們提升短時(shí)間的記憶容量。

第3題:作者意圖題。問題是：作者寫“狗叫”的目的是什么，前文我們可以看到，“Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.”，作者說這種類型的記憶一旦被打斷就會(huì)被忘掉，之后舉例給了一個(gè)情景來描述這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，他說當(dāng)一個(gè)人在想通過重復(fù)讀來記下一個(gè)電話號(hào)碼時(shí)，如果被門鈴或狗叫打斷，那么他就會(huì)忘記那個(gè)他一直通過重復(fù)朗讀而記下來的號(hào)碼；那么這里的“dogbark”就是一種打斷的方式，因此B正確。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞我們定位到最后一段，A項(xiàng)就是上文講的重點(diǎn)，因此保留；B項(xiàng)不對(duì)，這個(gè)方法確實(shí)是方法之一，但是文章并沒有說它是最有效的；C項(xiàng)與原文正好相反；D項(xiàng)為無關(guān)項(xiàng)，因此答案為A。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。問選項(xiàng)正確與否，我們需要四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都看。A項(xiàng)，死記硬背在第二段就被作者否定了，因?yàn)橐坏┍淮驍嗑蜔o法記住，因此A錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)是無關(guān)項(xiàng)，全文都沒有提過要寫下來信息，因此B錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)是正確的，最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句是提示點(diǎn)；D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，文章只是說多選題可以考查的信息比較多，但是并沒有說它是最難的，沒有論據(jù)支持，錯(cuò)誤，答案為C。

6.單選題

We'restill（

）thingshere,butIcan'tguaranteethesituationwillstaythatway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inmemoryof

B.insearchof

C.incontrolof

D.inneedof

【答案】C

【解析】A選項(xiàng)“紀(jì)念”；B選項(xiàng)“尋找，搜尋”；C選項(xiàng)“控制，管理”；D選項(xiàng)“需要”，根據(jù)句意‘我們?nèi)匀辉诳刂七@里的一切，但我不能保證這個(gè)情況會(huì)這樣持續(xù)下去’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

MostAmericansbelievethatoursocietyofconsumption-happy,fun-loving,jet-travelingpeoplecreatesthegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.Contrarytothisview,Ibelievethatourpresentwayoflifeleadstoincreasinganxiety,helplessand,eventually,tothedisintegrationofourculture.Irefusetoidentifyfunwithpleasure,excitementwithjoy,businesswithhappiness,orthefaceless,buck-passing"organizationman"withanindependentindividual.

Fromthiscriticalviewourratesofalcoholism,suicideanddivorce,aswellasjuveniledelinquency,gangrule,actsofviolenceandindifferencetolife,arecharacteristicsymptomsofour“pathologyofnormalcy”.Itmaybearguedthatallthesepathologicalphenomenaexistbecausewehavenotyetreachedouraim,thatofanaffluentsociety.Itistrue,wearestillfarfrombeinganaffluentsociety.Butthematerialprogressmadeinthelastdecadesallowsustohopethatoursystemmighteventuallyproduceamateriallyaffluentsociety.Yetwillwebehappierthen?TheexampleofSweden,oneofthemostprosperous,democraticandpeacefulEuropeancountries,isnotveryencouraging:Sweden,asisoftenpointedout,inspiteofallitsmaterialsecurityhasthehighestalcoholismandsuicideratesinEurope,whileamuchpoorercountrylikeIrelandranksamongthelowestintheserespects.Coulditbethatourdreamthatmaterialwelfareperseleadstohappinessisjustapipedream?

Certainlythehumanistthinkersoftheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,whoareourideologicalancestors,thoughtthatthegoaloflifewasthefullfoldingofaperson'spotentialities;whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch.Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend.itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”，asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster.

Eachsocietycreatesitsowntypeofpersonalitybyitswayofbringingupchildreninthefamily,byitssystemofeducation,byitseffectivevalues(thatis,thosevaluesthatarerewardedratherthanonlypreached.)Everysocietycreatesthetypesof“socialcharacter”whichisneededforitsproperfunctioning.Itformsmenwhowanttodowhattheyhavetodo.Whatkindofmendoesourlargescale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?

Itneedsmenwhocooperatesmoothlyinlargegroups,whowanttoconsumemoreandmoreandwhosetastesarestandardizedandcanbeeasilyinfluencedandanticipated.Itneedsmenwhofeelfreeandindependent,yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected,tofitintothesocialmachinewithoutfriction;menwhocanbeguidedwithoutforce,ledwithoutleaders,promptedwithoutanaimexcepttheaimtobeonthemove,tofunction,togoahead.

1.TheauthorusestheexampleofSwedeninthesecondparagraphtoshowthat（）.

2.Comparedwiththinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies,peopletoday（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichtypeofindividualmightbemostwelcomeintoday’ssociety?

5.Theauthorwritesthisarticleto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anaffluencesocietywillbefreefromthosepathologicalphenomena

B.SwedenisabettersocietythananyotherinEurope

C.aprosperouscountywillhavehigheralcoholismandsuicideratesthanapoorcountry

D.happinesshasnothingtodowithmaterialwelfare

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aremoreconcernedabouthowtobringintofullplaypeople'spotentials

B.carelessaboutthematerialthingsoflifethanaboutthespiritualthings

C.regardmaterialthingsthemostimportantinlife

D.haveabsolutecontroloftheworld

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorstronglyopposeseconomicproduction

B.theauthorisinfavoroftheideologyofthethinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies

C.theauthorisafollowerofNietzsche

D.theauthorthinksthatprioritiesshouldbegiventoeconomicproduction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewhoarerebellious

B.Peoplewhohavetheorganizingability.

C.Peoplewhoareconformists.

D.Peoplewhocanoperatemachinesproperly.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.describe

B.inform

C.narrate

D.comment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提出了問題:物質(zhì)進(jìn)步和人們的幸福之間是否有聯(lián)系？隨后通過列舉Sweden的例子進(jìn)行了回答:TheexampleofSweden...isnotveryencouraging(發(fā)生在瑞典的例子卻并不是那么振奮人心)。由此可知瑞典的例子說明了物質(zhì)的富裕與人們的幸福之間沒有直接聯(lián)系。因此D項(xiàng)“幸福與物質(zhì)福利沒有多大關(guān)系”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:更關(guān)注如何充分發(fā)揮人的潛能。B:不重視物質(zhì)生活而更重視精神生活。C:視物質(zhì)財(cái)富為生命中最重要的事。D:已經(jīng)絕對(duì)掌控世界。第三段指出:Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofmannotanend.Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends(對(duì)于他們來說，經(jīng)濟(jì)成果是展現(xiàn)個(gè)人潛能的方式，而不是個(gè)人潛能的終結(jié)。但是如今，這種展現(xiàn)個(gè)人潛能的方式似乎已經(jīng)不存在了)。以及:...manisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster(人死了，活著的是組織和機(jī)器；人成了它們的奴隸，而不是主人)。由此可知，A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。第三段開頭先是介紹了18、19世紀(jì)人文思想家的觀點(diǎn):thegoaloflifewasthefullfoldingofaperson'spotentialities;whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch(人生的目標(biāo)是充分展示個(gè)人潛在的能力；對(duì)他們來說重要的是人本身的價(jià)值，而并非占有和使用才是人的價(jià)值)。而后指出:Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend(對(duì)于他們來說，經(jīng)濟(jì)成果是展現(xiàn)個(gè)人潛能的方式，而不是個(gè)人潛能的終結(jié))。此后是轉(zhuǎn)折部分:Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”，asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster(但是如今，這種展現(xiàn)個(gè)人潛能的方式似乎已經(jīng)不存在了?，F(xiàn)如今，不僅是‘上帝已死’（尼采在19世紀(jì)所說），而且人也已經(jīng)死了，活著也就是組織機(jī)構(gòu)和機(jī)器。并且人已經(jīng)變成了這些機(jī)構(gòu)和機(jī)器的奴隸而不是主人)。由此推測(cè)，作者支持18、19世紀(jì)人文思想家的觀點(diǎn)，但是作者并未表現(xiàn)出對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)成果的偏倚態(tài)度。故選B。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。作者在第四段結(jié)尾提出問題:Whatkindofmendoesourlargescale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?(我們這個(gè)大規(guī)模的、官僚主義的工業(yè)化社會(huì)需要的是什么樣的人群呢?)。而在最后一段對(duì)這種人群進(jìn)行了說明:whosetastesarestandardized(品位標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化)。以及:...yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected(樂意被指揮，樂意按照他人意愿做事)。由此可知現(xiàn)代社會(huì)需要的人是一些墨守成規(guī)的人，故選C。

第5題:判斷推理題。文章開頭提出:大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為物質(zhì)發(fā)展給社會(huì)帶來了諸多幸福，但是作者持相反態(tài)度。接下來便是論證觀點(diǎn):物質(zhì)財(cái)富并不能帶來歡樂，本文是評(píng)論性質(zhì)的文章，故選D項(xiàng)。

8.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

Oneofthestrangestaspectsofourlifeisthewidespreadlackofconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclearweapons,apossibilitypeopleareawareof.Theexplanation,Ibelieve,isthattheyaremoreproudofthanfrightenedbythegadgetsofmassdestruction.Also,theyaresofrightenedofthepossibilityoftheirpersonalfailureandhumiliationthattheiranxietyaboutpersonalmatterspreventsthemfromfeelinganxiousaboutthepossibilitythateverybodyandeverythingmaybedestroyed.Perhapstotaldestructionisevenmoreattractivethantotalinsecurityandnever-endingpersonalanxiety.

【答案】我們生活中最奇怪的一個(gè)方面是，人們普遍不關(guān)心核武器可能帶來徹底毀滅的危險(xiǎn)，而人們也知道這種可能性。我認(rèn)為，可以解釋為，他們對(duì)大規(guī)模毀滅性武器與其說感到害怕，不如說感到自豪。此外，他們對(duì)個(gè)人失敗和被羞辱的可能性是如此恐懼，以至于他們對(duì)個(gè)人事務(wù)的焦慮阻礙了他們?nèi)?dān)憂每個(gè)人、每件事都可能被摧毀的可能性。也許徹底的毀滅比完全的不安全感和無休止的個(gè)人焦慮更有吸引力。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

MostBritishnewspapersarenotnecessarilycarefulaboutlanguage,buttheyarecarefulaboutbadwordsanyway.Thephrase“familynewspaper”isaninevitablepartofourlives.Newspapersarenotinthebusinessofgivingunjustifiedoffence.Itisalimitationofnewspaperwriting,andeverybodyinthebusiness,whetherwritingorreading,understandsandaccepts.Therearemanyothernecessarylimitations,andmostoftheseconcerntimeandspace.

NewspapershavedominatedsportswritinginBritainforyears.Buttenyearsago,anewplayerenteredthegame.Thiswasthephenomenonofmen’smagazines.GQwasthepioneeranditleadsthewaystill,leavingtherestpantingdistantlyinitswake.

Sports,ofcourse,ablindinglyobvioussubjectforamen’smagazine—butitcouldnotbetackledinablindinglyobviousway.Certainly,oneofthefirstthingsGQwasabletoofferwasanewwayofwritingaboutsport,butthiswasno