一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中職英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法合集簡(jiǎn)潔.高效.共建.共享一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法過(guò)去活動(dòng)過(guò)去狀態(tài)過(guò)去連續(xù)活動(dòng)Isawhimyesterday.IwasinGradeOnelastyear.Shepickeditupandwentout.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法詳解：

A.一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況(包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作)。Whattimedidyougetupyesterdaymorning?B.有些情況，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不很清楚，但實(shí)際上是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，也應(yīng)當(dāng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

Ididn’tknowyouweresobusy.C.在談到已故的人的情況時(shí)多用過(guò)去時(shí)。

LuXunwasagreatwriter.

二、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)常由動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式表示,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式其變化規(guī)則如下：

A.一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加edwork—workedwant—wantedB.

以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加d。

live-livedhope-hopedC.以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞”，變y為i,再加ed。

study—studiedcry—criedD.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔音字母再加ed。

stop—stoppedbeg--begged

變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去形式一般動(dòng)詞詞尾加-edwalklistenwalkedlistened要字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-edlivenoticelivednoticed

一輔音字母加結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加-edhurrystudyhurriedstudied以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加-edstopshopStoppedshopped

2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的兩種構(gòu)成

be有was,were兩個(gè)過(guò)去式，was用于第一、三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，were用于其他人稱(chēng)。Eg:她在那里。

Shewasthere.

她不在那里。

Shewasnotthere.

她在那里嗎？

Wasshethere?肯定句否定句疑問(wèn)句實(shí)義動(dòng)詞在構(gòu)成否定式及疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，一般都借助助動(dòng)詞did。Eg:他以前在那里工作。I/You/He/She/Theyworkedthere他以前不在那里工作。I/You/He/She/Theydidnotworkthere.他以前在那里工作嗎？Didyou/I/he/she/theyworkthere?1.Wedecided______theforest.A.togoB.goC.going2.Mysisterisalittlegirl___blackhair.A.inB.withC.of3.Don’t_____flowersinthepark.A.pickupB.pickC.picking4.Thedoorisopen,buthecan’t_____thehouse.A.go B.walk C.enter單項(xiàng)選擇ABBC5.Pleasebequiet.Thebabyis_____.A.sleep B.sleeps C.asleep6.Theyoungmanpointed___thestrangethingand_______,“What’sthat?”A.on;askedB.at;asksC.at;asked7.—Couldyoulendmeapen?Icametoschool____mypenthismorning.—Ofcourse.A.with B.no C.withoutCCC8.Mymumdidn’t________home.A.returnB.returnedtoC.returnto9.Thestoriesalways______“Onceuponatime...”.A.beginB.startC.beginwith10.He____thedoorandlookedintotheroom.A.pushedB.pushesC.pushACA1.她敲了一下門(mén),但沒(méi)有人回答。

She____________thedoorbut________answered.2.很久以前這里住著一位老人。

_______________therelivedanoldman.3.她再也沒(méi)有回到森林。

She_______________theforestagain.4.張慧急忙地跑出了學(xué)校。

ZhangHui____________theschool.翻譯句子knockedatnobodyOnceuponatimedidn’treturntorushedoutof現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+V過(guò)分二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法過(guò)影響現(xiàn)過(guò)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在兩“去”Ican’tfindmypen.Ihavelostit.Haveyoufinishedityet?Hehasworkedhereforayear.Ihavebeeninthisschoolsince1999.HehasbeentoChinatwice.Heisn’there.Hehasgonetothelibrary.have/has+V過(guò)分1.持續(xù)2.影響時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：alreadynevereverjustsince+時(shí)間點(diǎn)for+時(shí)間段yetJimwithhisparents_____abroad.They____backintwoweeks.

A.havegone；willcomeB.hasgone；willcomeC.havebeento；havecomeD.hasbeen；come2.—Ihavefinishedmyhomework.

—When

___you

___it?

A.have;finished

B.do;finishC.did;finish

D.will;finish3.I_____mymobilephonesincefiveyearsago.A.boughtB.haveboughtC.hadboughtD.havehad4.

---HaveyouseenBill?---Yes,he

tothelibrary.

A.hasgone

B.hadgone

C.hasbeen5.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We

friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade6.—MayIspeaktoJohn?—Sorry,he

Japan.Buthe

intwodays.A.hasbeento,willcomebackB.hasgoneto,willbebackC.hasbeenin,wouldcomebackD.hasgoneto,won'tcomeback7.—Lucy,______you____yourticket?—Notyet.A.did,findB.have,foundC.has,foundD.do,find8.I

thisbookfortwoweeks.Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.haveborrowed C.keptD.havekept9.It____tenyearssincewelast_____inBeijing.A.was,metB.hasbeen,metC.was,meetD.is,meet10.—___youever___toHangzhou?—Yes,onlyonce.I___therewithmyfather.A.Have,gone,wentB.Have,gone,willgoC.Have,been,wentD.Have,been,willgo1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,如：learn,work,walk,keep,have,live,stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。Eg:Ihaveborrowedthisbookfor5days.Ithisbook5daysago.keptborrowed2.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱(chēng)終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：twoyearsago;at5o'clock;eg:Hedied5yearsago.思考Hehasdiedfor5years.正確嗎？如果和時(shí)間段連用，需轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。beendeadleave---beaway,borrow---keep,buy---have,begin/start---beon,die---bedead,finish---beover,join---bein+組織機(jī)構(gòu),beamemberof+組織機(jī)構(gòu),opensth---keepsthopen,getup---beup,catchacold---haveacold,comehere---behere,gothere---bethere,become---be,comeback---beback,fallasleep---beasleep,fallill---beill,goout→beout，puton→wear；getto/arrive/reach---be(in),leave---beawayfrom,gettoknow---know,牛刀小試：eg:Theoldmandied4yearsago.-Theoldmanfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.-HethePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.-Ithebookfor5days.hasbeendeadhasbeeninhavehad1.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin2.Thefactory________sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened3.MaryandRose_______frien