大理大學(xué)學(xué)位英語考試練習(xí)

大理大學(xué)學(xué)位英語考試練習(xí)PartIWriting(15%,30minutes)Directions:Writeacompositiononthetopicof“CrazeforCivilServiceExaminations”basedontheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.現(xiàn)在有越來越多的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生報考公務(wù)員引起此現(xiàn)象的原因你的看法PartIIListeningComprehension(20%,30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearseveralshortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.PassageOneQuestions1to3arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A.Heartdisease.Cancer.Accidents.MedicalAccidents.A.Headache.Lungdisease.Cancer.Eatingfat.A.Theylivelonger.Theyeatmoresalt.Theyhavechangedtheirsleepinghabits.Theyeatlessfruit.PassageTwoQuestions4to6arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A.InDakota.InNewYork.InHawaii.InEngland.A.Thedoorman.A20-year-oldyoungman.OneoftheBeatles.AfanoftheBeatlesandJohnLennon.6.A.HeshotJohnbyaccident.HewasafanoftheBeatles.Heknewwhathewasdoing.HeaskedJohnLennonforhissignature.1PassageThreeQuestions7to10arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A.ThelongdistancebetweenhishometownandNewYork.Hisunpopularcharacter.ThehighunemploymentrateinNewYork.Hiscriminalrecord.A.Hewantedtobeputinprisonagain.Heneededthemoneytosupporthisfamily.Hehatedthebarberthere.Hewantedtomakehimselfwellknown.A.Hewentdirectlytothepolicestation.Hedroveoutofthetownandtriedtoescape.Hewaitedforthepolicetoarresthim.Hearguedwiththepoliceangrily.A.Mr.Spearsenjoyedlivinginprison.Mr.Spearswasknownasagreedymaninhiscommunity.ThepoliceinNewYorkwerenotveryefficient.TheonlywayforMr.Spearstosupporthisfamilywasbygoingtoprisonagain.SectionBCompoundDictationDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Employmentisa(11)betweentwoparties,onebeingtheemployerandtheotherbeingtheemployee.Anemployerisapersonor(12)thathiresemployeesorworkers.Employersofferhourlywagesorasalaryin(13)fortheworker'slaborpower,dependinguponwhethertheemployeeispaidbythehourorasetrateperpayperiod.Asalariedemployeeis(14)notpaidmoreformorehoursworkedthanthe(15)whereaswagesarepaidforallhoursworked,includingovertime.Employersincludeeverythingfrom(16)hiringababysittertogovernmentsandbusinesseswhichmayhirethousandsofemployees.Inmostwesternsocieties,governmentsarethelargestsingleemployersbutmostoftheworkforceisemployedinsmalland(17)businessesintheprivatesector.Althoughemployeesmaycontributetoanenterprise,theemployermaintainscontrolovertheproductivebaseoflandandcapital,andistheentitynamedincontracts.(18)createdbyanemployeewithinthescopeofemployment.Theseinventionsorcreationsbecomethepropertyoftheemployerbasedonaconceptknownas“worksforhire”.Anemployer'srelativelevelofpoweroveremployeesisdependentuponnumerousfactors,(19).Therelationshipemployerssharewithemployeesisaffectedbythreesignificantfactors—interests,controlandmotivation.2(20)ItisuptoemployerstoeffectivelymanageandbalancethesefactorsPartIIIShortAnswerQuestions(10%,15minutes)Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewithsomequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher?Ithinkthefollowingwouldbegenerallyaccepted.First,theteacher'spersonalityshouldbelivelyandattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoareplain-looking,orevenugly,becausemanysuchpeoplehavegreatpersonalcharm.Butitdoesruleoutsuchtypesastheover-excitable,sad,cold,andfrustrated.Secondly,itisnotmerelydesirablebutessentialforateachertohaveagenuinecapacityforsympathy,acapacitytounderstandthemindsandfeelingsofotherpeople,especially,sincemostteachersareschoolteachers,themindsandfeelingsofchildren.Closelyrelatedwiththisisthecapacitytobetolerant—not,indeed,ofwhatiswrong,butoftheweaknessesandimmaturityofhumannaturewhichinduce（誘導(dǎo)）people,andagainespeciallychildren,tomakemistakes.Thirdly,Iholditessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thismeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthsandlimitations,andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbeguided.Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbeabitofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteaching,whichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeabletoputonanact—toenliven（使生動）alesson,correctafault,orawardpraise.Children,especiallyyoungchildren,liveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife.Ateachermustbecapableofinfinitepatience.This,Imaysay,islargelyamatterofself-disciplineandself-training,forwearenoneofusbornlikethat.Finally,Ithinkateachershouldhavethekindofmindwhichalwayswantstogoonlearning.Teachingisajobatwhichonewillneverbeperfect;thereisalwayssomethingmoretolearnaboutit.Therearethreeprincipalobjectsofstudy:thesubjectswhichtheteacheristeaching;themethodsbywhichthesubjectscanbestbetaughttotheparticularpupilsintheclassesheisteaching;and—byfarthemostimportant—thechildren,youngpeople,oradultstowhomthesubjectsaretobetaught.ThetwofundamentalprinciplesofBritisheducationtodayarethateducationiseducationofthewholeperson,andthatitisbestacquiredthroughfullandactiveco-operationbetweentwopersons,theteacherandthelearner.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zPlain-lookingteacherscanalsobeadmiredbytheirstudentsiftheyhave.Howcanateacheracquireinfinitepatience?Sinceteachingisajobnoonecanbeperfectat,itisnecessaryforteacherstokeepimprovingtheirknowledgeofthesubjectstheyteachandtheir.Teachers'mostimportantobjectofstudyis.Educationcannotbebestacquiredwithoutbetweentheteacherand3thelearner.PartIVReadingComprehension(25%)SectionASkimmingandScanning(15minutes)Directions:Gooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsbelow.Forquestions26-32,chooseA(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage,B(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassageandC(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions33-35,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.UniqueTraditionsfromtheUKEverwonderaboutthoseclassicallyBritishcustomssuchas"hightea"or"changingoftheguard"?Herearetheoriginsofthesetraditions,mostofwhichhavealonghistoryoverhundredsofyears!BoxingDayThisholiday,whichisobservedonDecember26,isauniquepartoftheChristmasseasoninGreatBritainaswellasotherCommonwealthnations.BoxingDaystemsfromatraditionthatbeganintheMiddleAgesmorethan800yearsago.Onthisday,Englishchurcheswouldopentheir"almsbox"anddistributeitscontentstoneedymembersofthecommunity.Itwasalsoadayforservantstocelebratetheholidayswiththeirfamilieshavingusuallyworkedthedaybefore.Today,BoxingDayisoneofthetwenty-twopaidholidaysreceivedbymostworkingBrits.MostpeoplenowspendChristmasDaywiththeirfamilyandreserveBoxingDayforexchanginggiftswithfriends.Althoughthegovernmentshutsdownfortheday,cinemasandtheatresareopen.ChangingoftheGuardOneofBritain'smostwell-knowntraditionsoccurseverymorningat11:30outsideofBuckinghamPalace,oneofthequeen'sthreeofficialresidences,fromApriltoOctober(andeveryotherdayinthewinter).Thisstatelyritualis,inessence,ashiftchangebetweengroupsofofficersassignedtoguardingthepalaceandisamilitarycustompracticedbymostpalaceguardsinEurope.Famedfortheirstoicism,theguardtypicallydrawshugecrowdsoftourists.Theyellowflagsthatareexchangedbetweenthetwoguardsarecalled"TheRoyalStandard",andhistoricallywereusedtoidentifytheking'spositionashemarchedintobattlewithhisarmy.Queen'sTelegramIntheUnitedStates,ifyoumakeittotheripeoldageof101or102,WillardScottwillwishyouhappybirthdayonnationaltelevision.InEngland,theQueenherselfwillsendhercongratulations.Thisfairlynewcustomisknownas"theQueen'sTelegram"andassurescentenariansthattheywillreceiveabirthdaytelegramfromtheQueenontheirone-hundredthbirthday.ThetelegramissocovetedbysomeBritsthatone98-year-oldwomanwasrecentlyproventohavefakedheragebytwoyearsjusttoreceivethetelegram.HighTeaAlthoughthisBritishtraditionalwayshasmoreupscaleconnotations,highteawasfirstenjoyedbytheEnglishworkingclassduringthe1700s.Thisritualbeganasapracticalattempttostaveoffhungerpangsbetweenbreakfastandsupper,aseatingjusttwodailymealswascommonatthetime.Itwascalled"high"teabecauseitwasusuallytakensittingatopstoolsinateashopor4standingatacounterorbuffettable.Thefarewassubstantialandincludedthenewlyinvented"sandwich",aswellasCornishpasties,Welshrabbit,Scotchwoodcock,andavarietyofbread,rolls,andothermeatandfishdishes.Today,highteahasbecomeamoreelegantandpopularritualthatispracticedinfinehotelsandrestaurantsaroundtheworld.MidsummerAlthoughnotanofficialholiday,MidsummerhasbeencelebratedinBritainsincetheancientdaysoftheDruids.Thisholiday,whichtakesplaceonthelongestdayoftheyear,usuallythe21stofJune,isatimeforBritstorelaxandappreciatethejoysofthesummerseason.Duetothecountry'snorthernlocation,thesunrisesaround4:30a.m.anddoesn'tsetuntil9:30p.m.onthatday.Formost,MidsummerisatimetotakeadvantageoftheincreaseddaylightbystayingoutlateatoneofBritain'smanypubs.However,somestillcelebratetheholidayinatraditionalDruidicfashion.OnMidsummer'sEve,bonfiresarelittoshowrespectfortheSunGod,whosepowerisgreatestattheSummerSolstice.Thefiresalsorepresentanattempttowardoffthecomingwinter.PublicHousesVisitingapubisoneofBritain'soldestformsofentertainment.TheideaforthefirstpublichouseswasbroughttoBritainthousandsofyearsagobytheconqueringRomanarmy.Thefirstpubsservedonlywine,butafterthediscoveryofhopsinthefourteenthcentury,pubsbegantoservemainlybeerandale,astheydotoday.Today,thereare61,000pubsintheUnitedKingdom.Oneoftheoldest,FightingCocksinSt.Albans,Herts,islocatedinabuildingthatdatesbacktothe11thcentury.ModernpubsareoftenownedbyEnglishbreweriesandserveonlytheirowner'sproducts.Britishpubsarerequiredtohavealicense,whichisdifficulttoobtain,andoperatebetween11a.m.and11p.m.everydayexceptSunday,whentheymustcloseat10:30p.m.ThedrinkingageinBritainiseighteen,butfourteen-year-oldsmayenterapubunaccompaniediftheyorderameal.Childrenmayenterapubwiththeirparentsuntil9p.m.,whichletsfamiliesenjoyreasonablypricedpubmealstogether,andallowspubstocontinueintheirtraditionalrolesascommunitycenters.CustomsinBritishpubsdifferfromthoseinAmericanbars.InBritain,youmustgotothebartoorderdrinksandfoodandpayforyourpurchaseimmediately,thereisnotableservice.Bartendersarecalled"landlords"and"barmaids"andtheydonotexpectfrequenttipping.Totipalandlordorbarmaid,itiscustomarytotellhimto"buyhimselfone".Heorshemayormaynottakeyouuponyouroffer.Attheendofavisit,apolitecustomerwillreturnhisglasstothebar.Mostofthesetraditionshavealonghistory.YESB.NOC.NOTGIVENBoxingDayisobservedonlybyEnglishchurchesfortheneedymembers.YESB.NOC.NOTGIVENManytouristsareinterestedinBritain'straditionofchangingtheguardoutsideofBuckinghamPalace.YESB.NOC.NOTGIVENTheUnitedStatesandEnglandhavedifferentwaystocelebratepeople'sone-hundredthbirthday.YESB.NOC.NOTGIVENBothEnglishworkingclassandroyalfamilyenjoyhighteaeveryday.5YESB.NOC.NOTGIVENOnMidsummer'sEve,firesarelitjusttoshowrespectfortheMoonGod.YESB.NOC.NOTGIVENThedrinkingageinBritainiseighteen.Sofourteen-year-oldsaren'tpermittedtoenterapub.YESB.NOC.NOTGIVENpaidholidaysarereceivedbymostworkingBritsTheritual“HighTea”beganasanattempttobetweenbreakfastandsupper.ExceptSunday,thepubsinGreatBritainusuallyoperatefromectionBReadingpassages(30minutes)SDirections:Therearethreepassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.IfitwasoncethecasethattherewerenosecondactsinAmericanlives,therearenownotonlysecondactsbutthird,fourth,andfifthones.Thisisnotentirelyunhealthy:Thebeliefthatoneshouldn'tbejudgedbyone'sworstmistakesrevives（恢復(fù)）careersthatmightotherwisehaveended.Thus,SergioZymanreboundedfromthefailureofNewCoketoleadthecompanytogreatsuccessandlandedonthecoverofFortuneinastoryheadlined,"SoYouFail.NowBounceBack!"Thatstoryputanewspinonscrewingup:"Ifyouhaven'tfailedyet,youprobablywill.Andforthebenefitofyourcareer,youprobablyshould."Sometimeinthe1990s,though,thenotionoffailureasthenecessaryprefacetosuccessreacheditsfallingphase.Inthis,Hollywoodledtheway.WhenthemovieShowgirlswasnotsuccessfulintheaters,itsdistributor,MGM,decidedtoactivelysellitasabadmovie,arrangingmidnightshowsstockedwithdragqueens（男扮女裝的男同性戀者）shoutingthefilm'slinesbackatthescreen.Thenotionofshameinfailurecametobeseenasold-fashioned,andthe"redemption"（補救）phaseofacomebackgrewshorterandshorteruntilitdisappearedentirely.AsHughGranttaughtus,nomatterhowbadone'smisconduct,onecanearnforgivenessthroughamodestchatonanationaltalkshow.Similarly,BobDoledidn'tenteraNixonianretreatafterhispoliticaldefeat-hesoonenteredhisnewroleasasalesman,poking(戳，捅)gentlefunathisowninabilitytowin.The1990scultivationofanappreciationforfailurewasideallytimedsincethe2000shavemadefailureepidemic.Failureisnotmerelymorecommonthansuccessthesedays,it'salsomoreinteresting.Thebesttitlethatfitsthispassageis.HowtoturnfailureintosuccessFailureisthenewsuccessFailureshouldbeavoidedDon'tbeafraidoffailureWhatdoes"putanewspinonscrewingup"inPara.1probablymean?Togetthecarmoving.Totightenthepartsofthecar.6Toturnfailureintosuccess.Tospeeduptheprocessofsuccess."Inthis,Hollywoodledtheway?"(Para.3)Here,"this"refersto.howtomakefirst-classmoviesfailureisnolongernecessarytosuccesshowtoreselltheunsuccessfulmoviesfailureisactuallyanecessarypartofsuccessWhatdidHughGrantandBobDoletellusaboutfailure?Oneshouldn'tbeashamedofone'sfailure.Oneshouldfeelashamedofone'sfailure.Thenotionofshameinfailureisup-to-date.Failureisanembarrassingthing.Accordingtotheauthor,failure.waspredominantin1990scanalsobefunislesscommonthansuccessspreadtotheinternetPassageTwoQuestions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatshouldyouthinkaboutintryingtofindyourcareer?Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinanengineeringcareer.Soitisimportanttoknowthesubjectsyoudowellinatschool.Ontheotherhand,youmaynothaveanyespeciallystrongorweaksubjectsbutyourrecordsshowageneralsatisfactorystandard.Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.Aknowledgeofhistoryisnotrequiredformostjobsbutifhistoryisoneofyourgoodsubjectsyouwillhavelearnedtorememberfactsanddetails.Thisisanabilitythatcanbeusefulinmanyjobs.Ifyouhavehadapart-timejobonSaturdaysorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.Youmayhavelearnedtogivecorrectchangeinashop,forexample.Justasimportant,youmaybecomeinterestedinaparticularindustryorcareeryouseefromtheinsideinapart-timejob.Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself.Youmaybeallthumbswhenyouhandletools;perhapsyouareapoorspellerorcannotaddupacolumnoffigures.Itisbettertofaceanyweaknessesthantopretendtheydonotexist.Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportantpartofyourbackground.Youshouldnotbeapologeticaboutitbutinsteadrecognizethatyouwillhaveachanceatafreshstartatwork.Whichofthefollowingbestsumsupthefirstparagraph?Theimportanceofdoingwellatschool.Usingschoolperformancetohelptochooseacareer.Theimportanceofbeinggoodatallsubjects.Theindirectvalueofschoolwork.Whichsubjecthasindirect,ratherthandirect,useforajob?7Mathematics.English.Engineering.History.Thewriterthinksthatforastudenttohaveapart-timejobisprobably.awasteoftimethatcouldhavebeenspentonstudyusefulforhisfutureworkagoodwaytoearnextramoneyagoodwaytofindouthisweakpointsAccordingtothepassage,ifastudent'sschoolrecordisnotgood,he.A.willbeacompletefailureinhisfutureworkwillnotbeabletofindasuitablejobwillregretnothavingworkedharderatschoolmaydowellinhisfutureworkThewholepassagecenterson.A.choosingacareeraccordingtowhatoneisskilledinacquiringknowledgebyworkinghardatschoolfindingone'sstrongandweakpointsdevelopingone'susefulabilitiesinschoolworkPassageThreeQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexploringforoiltoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.88Buttheoilindustryisstillsufferingbeforegettingoversuchproblems.AndfewpeoplebelievethattheGovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogramofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogramhashadagreatdealofsuccess.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemostoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegians'wayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofitbecauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.46.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto.A.providemorejobsforforeignworkersslowdowntherateofitsdevelopmentselltheoilproducedabroaddevelopmorequicklythanatpresentTheGovernmenthastriedto,butpeoplefearitwon'tstaythatwayforlong.A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsourcespreventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorwayhelptheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblemskeeptheoilindustrytosomewhatnearitspresentsizeAccordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto.A.thedevelopmentofindustryagrowthofpopulationthefailureofthedevelopmentprogramthedevelopmentofnewtownsInthesouth,oneeffectofthedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe.A.alargereductioninunemploymentagrowthinthetouristindustryareductioninthenumberofserviceindustriesthedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustriesNorwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause.A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegiansocietytheirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianidealtheirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansocietytheyregardoilasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflifePartVCloze(10%15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Mydivorcewasdisastrous.Wehadaprenuptial(51).Wedidthisbecausehehadbeenmarriedbeforeandwantedtoreducehis(52)tofutureproblems.Hehad(53)afortunefromhisfather.Still,hehad(54)considerablewealth.I(55)therewasaswordhangingovermyheadwithaprenuptialagreement.However,Ididn'treallyknow(56)hewastryingtoprotect.Thatis,Ididn'thaveanyideawhathewastryingto(57)himselffrom.Itwasvery(58)whenheaskedme.ButIhadalreadysentoutthe(59)forourwedding.SoIdecidedtogivemy(60)andgoaheadwith