《EDA技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)》【設(shè)計(jì)】

EDAEDA音樂播放器設(shè)計(jì)性實(shí)驗(yàn)電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)一、任務(wù)解析：51單片機(jī)制作了一個(gè)可演奏的電子琴，學(xué)習(xí)了EDA技術(shù)之后，感FPGA與單片機(jī)有許多類似的地方。于是，啟發(fā)我用FPGA做一個(gè)可隨意演21實(shí)現(xiàn)該功能，就必須考慮到一首歌曲的產(chǎn)生應(yīng)該考慮的兩個(gè)因素：音符的產(chǎn)生（即聲音持續(xù)的時(shí)間二、方案論證：1、音調(diào)的控制：頻率的高低決定了音調(diào)的高低。通過查閱資料，得到下面的音符名與頻率的關(guān)系表：音符名頻率/hz音符名頻率/hz音符名頻率/hz低音1262中音1523高音11046低音2294中音2587高音21175低音3330中音3659高音31318低音4349中音4698高音41397低音5392中音5784高音51568低音6440中音6880高音61760低音7494中音7988高音71976分頻比預(yù)置數(shù)的計(jì)算：6Mhz3Mhz0即可。例如：3330hz3M/330hz=3000000/330=9091,3X7=21個(gè)音的預(yù)置數(shù)。第2頁(yè)，共12頁(yè)各音階對(duì)應(yīng)的預(yù)置數(shù)如下表：音符名預(yù)置數(shù)音符名預(yù)置數(shù)音符名預(yù)置數(shù)低音14933中音110647高音113515低音26179中音211272高音213830低音37292中音311831高音314107低音47787中音412085高音414236低音58730中音512556高音514470低音69565中音612974高音614678低音710310中音713347高音7148582、音長(zhǎng)的控制：音符的持續(xù)時(shí)間必須根據(jù)樂曲的速度及每個(gè)音符的節(jié)拍數(shù)來(lái)確定。本試驗(yàn)中，設(shè)定最短的音符為4分音符，若將全音符的持續(xù)時(shí)間設(shè)為1s4Hz41/4個(gè)節(jié)拍的時(shí)間為0.25s1s。以上即為音樂播放器的原理框圖。控制音調(diào)通過設(shè)置計(jì)數(shù)器的預(yù)置數(shù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，預(yù)置不同的數(shù)可以使計(jì)數(shù)器產(chǎn)生不同頻率的信號(hào)，從而產(chǎn)生不同的音調(diào)。控制312頁(yè)0.25s22/42次即可。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：1、分頻產(chǎn)生6Mz的基準(zhǔn)頻率：modulediv_clk6mhz(clk24m,clk6m);inputclk24m;outputregclk6m;regcnt;always@(posedgeclk24m)if(cnt<1)cnt=cnt+1; //（24m/6m=4分頻,cnt<[4/2-1=1]即可elsebegincnt=0;clk6m=!clk6m;endendmodule由于此分頻電路簡(jiǎn)單，就不在這里給出仿真波形了。24hzmodulediv_clk4hz(clk24m,clk4);inputclk24m;outputclk4;regclk4;reg[21:0]cnt;always@(posedgeclk24m)if(cnt<2999999)cnt=cnt+1;//(24m/4hz=6000000,cnt<[6000000/2-1=2999999]）第4頁(yè)，共12頁(yè)elsebegincnt=0;clk4=!clk4;endendmodule此分頻電路也很簡(jiǎn)單，就不在這里給出仿真波形了。3、樂曲產(chǎn)生模塊：（1）21個(gè)音的分頻比預(yù)置數(shù)（163836Mhz的基準(zhǔn)頻率，在其上升沿的16383speaker(speaker<=~speaker非（2）2141/4節(jié)拍，則在clk_4hz4次它的音符就可以了。用counter來(lái)（何時(shí)計(jì)滿取決于歌曲長(zhǎng)度counter0,這樣就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)循環(huán)演奏了。代碼如下：modulesong(clk_6mhz,clk_4hz,speaker);inputclk_6mhz,clk_4hz;outputspeaker;reg[3:0]high,med,low;reg[13:0]divider,origin;reg[7:0]counter;regspeaker;wirecarry;assigncarry=(divider==16383);always@(posedgeclk_6mhz)beginif(carry)divider<=origin;elsedivider<=divider+1;end第5頁(yè)，共12頁(yè)always@(posedgecarry)beginspeaker<=~speaker;endalways@(posedgeclk_4hz)begincase({high,med,low})'b000000000001:origin<=4933;'b000000000010:origin<=6179;'b000000000011:origin<=7292;'b000000000100:origin<=7787;'b000000000101:origin<=8730;'b000000000110:origin<=9565;'b000000000111:origin<=10310;'b000000010000:origin<=10647;'b000000100000:origin<=11272;'b000000110000:origin<=11831;'b000001000000:origin<=12085;'b000001010000:origin<=12556;'b000001100000:origin<=12974;'b000001110000:origin<=13347;'b000100000000:origin<=13515;'b001000000000:origin<=13830;'b001100000000:origin<=14107;'b010000000000:origin<=14236;'b010100000000:origin<=14470;'b011000000000:origin<=14678;'b011100000000:origin<=14858;'b000000000000:origin<=16383;endcaseendalways@(posedgeclk_4hz)第6頁(yè)，共12頁(yè)beginif(counter==113)counter<=0;elsecounter=counter+1;case(counter)0:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;1:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;//2:{high,med,low}<='b000000000110;3:{high,med,low}<='b000000000110;//4:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;5:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;//6:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;7:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;//8:{high,med,low}<='b000001110000;9:{high,med,low}<='b000001110000;10:{high,med,low}<='b000001110000;11:{high,med,low}<='b000001110000;//12:{high,med,low}<='b000001010000;13:{high,med,low}<='b000001010000;//14:{high,med,low}<='b000001100000;15:{high,med,low}<='b000001100000;//16:{high,med,low}<='b000001010000;17:{high,med,low}<='b000001010000;//18:{high,med,low}<='b001000000000;19:{high,med,low}<='b001000000000;//20:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;21:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;22:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;23:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;//24:{high,med,low}<='b000001010000;25:{high,med,low}<='b000001010000;//第7頁(yè)，共12頁(yè)26:{high,med,low}<='b010100000000;27:{high,med,low}<='b010100000000;//28:{high,med,low}<='b001100000000;29:{high,med,low}<='b001100000000;//30:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;31:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;//32:{high,med,low}<='b000001110000;33:{high,med,low}<='b000001110000;//34:{high,med,low}<='b011000000000;35:{high,med,low}<='b011000000000;//36:{high,med,low}<='b010000000000;37:{high,med,low}<='b010000000000;//38:{high,med,low}<='b001100000000;39:{high,med,low}<='b001100000000;//40:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;41:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;//42:{high,med,low}<='b001000000000;43:{high,med,low}<='b001000000000;//44:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;45:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;46:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;47:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;48:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;49:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;///////祝你生日快樂，完畢。50:{high,med,low}<='b000000000011;/////////梁祝，開始51:{high,med,low}<='b000000000011;52:{high,med,low}<='b000000000011;53:{high,med,low}<='b000000000011;54:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;第8頁(yè)，共12頁(yè)55:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;56:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;57:{high,med,low}<='b000000000110;58:{high,med,low}<='b000000010000;59:{high,med,low}<='b000000010000;60:{high,med,low}<='b000000010000;61:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;62:{high,med,low}<='b000000000110;63:{high,med,low}<='b000000010000;64:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;65:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;66:{high,med,low}<='b000001010000;67:{high,med,low}<='b000001010000;68:{high,med,low}<='b000001010000;69:{high,med,low}<='b000100000000;70:{high,med,low}<='b000001100000;71:{high,med,low}<='b000001010000;72:{high,med,low}<='b000000110000;73:{high,med,low}<='b000001010000;74:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;75:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;76:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;77:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;78:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;79:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;80:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;81:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;82:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;83:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;84:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;第9頁(yè)，共12頁(yè)85:{high,med,low}<='b000000110000;86:{high,med,low}<='b000000000111;87:{high,med,low}<='b000000000111;88:{high,med,low}<='b000000000110;89:{high,med,low}<='b000000000110;90:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;91:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;92:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;93:{high,med,low}<='b000000000110;94:{high,med,low}<='b000000010000;95:{high,med,low}<='b000000010000;96:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;97:{high,med,low}<='b000000100000;98:{high,med,low}<='b000000000011;99:{high,med,low}<='b000000000011;100:{high,med,low}<='b000000010000;101:{high,med,low}<='b000000010000;102:{high,med,low}<='b000000000110;103:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;104:{high,med,low}<='b000000000110;105:{high,med,low}<='b000000010000;106:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;107:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;108:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;109:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;110:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;111:{high,med,low}<='b000000000101;112:{high,med,low}<='b0000000001