英語語法時態(tài)的幾種轉(zhuǎn)換

形容詞和副詞

no

+…

二

介詞I.

要點1、介詞和種類(1)

簡單介詞，常用的有at,

in,

on,

about,

across,

before,

beside,

for

to,

without

等。(2)

復(fù)合介詞，如

by

means

of,

along

with,

because

of,

in

front

of,

instead

of等。2、介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系(1)

和動詞的搭配，如agree

with,

ask

for,

belong

to,

break

away

from,

care

about

等。(2)

和形容詞的搭配，如afraid

of,

angry

with,

different

from,

good

at(3)

和名詞的搭配，如answer

to

key

to,

reason

for,

cause

of,

visit

to等.3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語，這種修飾語通常有right,

just,

badly,

all,

well,directly,

completely

等少數(shù)幾個副詞。如：He

came

right

after

dinner.He

lives

directly

opposite

the

school.4、

某些介詞的意義與用法舉例(1)

at,

on,

in(表時間)表示時間點用

at,如

at

four

o'clock,

at

midnight等；表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用

at,如

at

that

time,

at

Christmas等。指某天用

on,

如

on

Monday,

on

the

end

of

November,

指某天的朝夕用on,如

onFriday

morning,

on

the

afternoon

of

September

lst等。指長于或短于一天的時段用in,如in

the

afternoon,

in

February,

in

Summer,

in

1999等。(2)

between,

among(表位置)between

僅用于二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關(guān)系時，也用

between,

如I'm

sitting

between

Tom

and

Alice.The

village

lies

between

three

hills.among

用于三者或三者以上之間。如：He

is

the

best

among

the

students.(3)

beside,

besidesbeside

意為"在…旁邊"，而

besides

意為"除…之外"。如：He

sat

beside

me.What

do

you

want

besides

this?(4)in

the

tree,

on

the

treein

the

tree

指動物或人在樹上，而on

the

tree

指果實、樹葉長在樹上(5)on

the

way,

in

the

way,

by

the

way,

in

this

wayon

the

way

指在路上

in

the

way

指擋道by

the

way

指順便問一句

in

this

way

用這樣的方法(6)in

the

corner,

at

the

cornerin

the

corner

指在拐角內(nèi)

at

the

corner

指在拐角外(7)in

the

morning,

on

the

morningin

the

morning

是一般說法

on

the

morning

特指某一天的早晨(8)by

bus,

on

the

busby

bus

是一般說法

on

the

bus

特指乘某一輛車II.

例題例

1

Do

you

know

any

other

foreign

language____

English?A

except

B

but

C

beside

D

besides解析：A、B

兩項

except

等于

but，意為"除了…"，C-beside

意為"在…旁邊"，不符合

D-besides, 意為"除了…"D除了英語外，你還知道別的語言嗎？例

2

He

suddenly

returned

____

a

rainy

night.A

on

B

at

C

in

D

during解析：我們均知道，at

night

這一短語，但如果

night

前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞

on

來修飾，故該題正確答案為A。例

3

I'm

looking

forward

____your

letter.A

to

B

in

C

at

D

on解析：該題正確答案為

A。look

forward

to

為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"。三

連詞I.

要點1、

連詞的種類(1)

并列連詞用來連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或分句，如and,

for,

or,

both…and,either…or,

neither…nor

等。(2)

從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句，如that,

if,

whether,

when,

after,

as

soon

as等。除了從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)狀語從句)外，還有其它可以用來引導(dǎo)從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞(引導(dǎo)定語從句)。2、

常用連詞舉例(1)and

和，并且They

drank

and

sang

all

night.(2)

both…and

和，

既…也…Both

my

parents

and

went

there.(3)

but

但是，而I'm

sad,

but

he

is

happy.(4)

either…or

或…或…，

要么…要么…Either

you're

wrong,

or

am.(5)

for

因為

asked

him

to

stay,

for

had

something

to

tell

him.(6)

however

然而，可是Af

first,

he

didn't

want

to

go

there.

Later,

however,

he

decided

to

go(7)

neither…nor

既不…也不Neither

my

parents

nor

my

aunt

agrees

with

you.(8)

not

only…but(also)

不但…而且…He

not

only

sings

well,

but

also

dances

well.(9)

or

或者，否則Hurry

up,

or

you'll

be

late.Are

you

a

worker

or

a

doctor?(10)

so

因此，所以It's

getting

late,

so

must

go.(11)

although

雖然Although

it

was

late,

they

went

on

working.(12)

as

soon

as

一

…就

tell

him

as

soon

as

see

him.(13)

because

因為He

didn't

go

to

school,

because

he

was

ill.(14)unless

除非，如果不

won't

go

unless

it

is

fine

tomorrow.(15)until

直到…He

didn't

leave

until

eleven.

(瞬間動詞用于

not…

until

結(jié)構(gòu))He

stayed

there

until

eleven.(16)while

當(dāng)…時候，而

(表示對比)While

stayed

there,

met

a

friend

of

mine.

(while后不可用瞬間動詞)My

pen

is

red

while

his

is

blue.(17)for

因為He

was

for

he

didn't

come.

(結(jié)論是推斷出來的)(18)since

自從…

have

lived

here

since

my

uncle

left.(19)hardly…

when

一…

就

had

hardly

got

to

the

station

when

the

train

left.(20)as

far

as

就…

來說As

far

as

know,

that

country

is

very

small.You

may

walk

as

far

as

the

lake.

(一直走到湖那里)II.

例題例

1

John

plays

football

____,

if

not

better

than,

David.A

as

well

B

as

well

as

C

so

well

D

so

well

as解析：該題意為：John

踢足球如果不比

David

好的話，那也踢得和David

一樣好。

和…一樣好為

as

well

as.

故該題正確答案為

B。例

2

She

thought

was

talking

about

her

daughter,

____,

in

fact,

was

talkingabout

my

daughter.A

when

B

where

C

which

D

while解析：該處意為"然而"，只有

while

有此意思，故選D。例3

Would

you

like

a

cup

of

coffee

____

shall

we

get

down

to

business

right

away?A.

and

B.

then

C.

or

D.

otherwise解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為

C。四動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)I.

要點1、

一般現(xiàn)在時(1)

表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes,

always,

often,every

day

等時間狀語連用。如：Sometimes,

we

go

swimming

after

school.(2)

表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實等。如：The

earth

goes

round

the

sun.2、

現(xiàn)在進行時(1)

表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，常與now,

at

present

等時間狀語連用。如：What

are

you

doing

now?(2)

和

always,

continually

等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動作，常含有某種情感。如：He

is

always

doing

good

deeds.3、

現(xiàn)在完成時主要表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能

just,

already,

so

far,

once,

never

:Have

you

ever

been

toBeijing?4、一般將來時

tomorrow,

next

year

等連用。如：

meet

you

at

the

school

gate

tomorrow

morning.We're

going

to

see

a

film

next

Monday.5、一般過去時表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday,last

year,

in

1998,

a

moment

ago

等詞連用。如：It

happened

many

years

ago.6、過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發(fā)生的動作。如：What

were

you

doing

this

time

yesterday?7、

過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。如：The

train

had

already

left

before

we

arrived.8、一般過去將來時表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動作。如：He

said

he

would

come,

but

he

didn't.9、被動語態(tài)

被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)，以give

為例。時／式 一般 進行 完成現(xiàn)在

am

is given

are

am

is being

are

has been

given

have過去

was given

were

was being

given

were

had

been

given將來

shall be

given

will

shall have

been

given

will過去將來

should be

given

would

should have

been

given

wouldII.例題 例

1

learned

that

her

father

____

in

1950.A

had

died B

died C

dead D

is

dead解析：該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞的in

1950,

般過去時態(tài)。例

2

The

five-year-old

girl

____

by

her

parents.A

is

looked

B

has

looked

forC

is

being

looked

for

D

has

been

looked解析：該題正確答案為C。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。五動詞虛擬語氣I.

要點表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。1、

虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成注：如果條件從句謂語動詞包含有were

或

had,

should,

could有時可將

if

省去但要倒裝。如：Had

you

(If

you

had)

invited

us,

we

would

have

come

to

your

party.2、

虛擬語氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用(1)

在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，其謂語形式是"should(可省)

＋動詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。句型一：It

is

necessary

(important,

natural,

strange,

etc)

that…句型二：It

is

a

pity

(a

shame,

no

wonder,

etc)

that…句型三：It

is

suggested

(requested,

proposed,

desired,

etc)

that…如：

It

is

strange

that

he

(should)

have

done

that.It

is

a

pity

that

he

(should)

be

so

careless.It

is

requested

that

we

(should)

be

so

careless.(2)

在賓語從句中用于suggest,

propose,

move,

insist,

desire,

demand,

request,order,

command

"(should)+動詞原形"。如：

suggest

that

we

(should)

go

swimming.(3)

在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是

suggestion,

proposal,

request,

orders,

idea等。從句謂語形式是"(s