2019屆上海市黃浦區(qū)高三三模英語試題(解析版)

2019屆上海市黃浦區(qū)高三三模英語Ⅱ.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.MayDayinIndiaEachMay1,workersinIndiajoinothersaroundtheworldtomarkMayDay,dependingonlocalcustoms.It'squiteappropriatethatIndiacelebrateswithanofficialholidayinsomeofits29statesandsevenunionterritories.Afterall,thecountryhasan___1___(estimate)522millionworkers,morethantheentirepopulationoftheUnitedStates.Here'saQ&AonMayDayingeneral:Isn'tMayDayaboutdancingaroundapole?Youarecorrect—dancingisinvolved.That'sbecause“MayDay”actuallydoesdoubleduty,celebradifferentthings.MayDayoriginallystartedoutasacelebrationwithrootsinromantraditions.BytheMiddleAges,MayDayalso___2___(involve)themaypole,whichismadeofwoodandcoveredwithdecorations.Thoseareheldbydancers___3___circlearoundthepole.That___4___betheMayDayyourememberfromyourchildhood,andthat 'soneofthetwowaysMayDacelebrated.Whatdoesthathavetodowithworkers?ThisiswhereMayDay 'sdoubledutycomesin.InMay1886,USactivistsorganizedanationalstrike___5___(seek)aneight-hourworkday.InChicago 'sHaymarketSquare,theprotestturnedviolentwitharound11to15deaths___6___policeandparticipants.___7___(honor)theworkersintheHaymarketdisturbance,theInternationalSocialistConferencedeclaredMaywouldbeadaylabeledforlabor,tobecalledInternationalWorkers ___8_'__(Desatya.bTlihseh)haotliadaymeetingin1889andeventuallyspreadtomanypartsoftheworld.

Andthat'__s_9___maypoles,laborparadesandprotestsareallpartofMay1.SowheredoesIndiafitinwithallofthis?India'sfirstLaborDaywascelebratedin1923inMadras,nowcalledChennai.Overtime,theholidayspreadtootherpartsofthecountry.AccordingtoH,organizationsandtradeunionsarrangeparadesand “__c_h1i0ld_r_e_nentercontestheycanunderstandtheimportanceoffairnessforworkers. ”【答案】1.estimated2.involved3.who4.may/might/can/could5.seeking6.amongTohonorwasestablishedwhy10.sothat【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了每年的5月1日，印度的工人們會根據(jù)當?shù)氐牧?xí)俗，與世界各地的人們一起慶祝五一節(jié)。以及一些關(guān)于五一節(jié)起源的歷史介紹。1題詳解】522million應(yīng)用形容詞，考查形容詞。畢竟，這個國家估計有5.22522million應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“估計的”。故填estimated表示“估計的”。故填estimated。題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)根據(jù)上文時間狀語BytheMiddleAges考查動詞時態(tài)根據(jù)上文時間狀語BytheMiddleAges可知應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填involved。題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：那些是由繞著鋼管跳舞的人拿著的。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞dancers考查定語從句。句意：那些是由繞著鋼管跳舞的人拿著的。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞dancers，且先行詞4題詳解】根據(jù)句意和后在從句中作主語，指人故用關(guān)系代詞who。故填who4題詳解】根據(jù)句意和后考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：那可能是你從小就記得的五一節(jié)，那是慶祝五一節(jié)的兩種方式之一。文be為動詞原形可知應(yīng)填情態(tài)動詞，表示“可能”的情態(tài)動詞可用may/might/can/could。故填may/might/can/could?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：1886年5月，美國激進分子組織了一次全國罷工，要求一天工作八小時。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知seek在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，且與邏輯主語 USactivists構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填seeking。【6題詳解】考查介詞。句意：在芝加哥的Haymarket廣場，抗議演變成暴力沖突，在警察和參與者中大約有 11到15名死亡。結(jié)合句意以及后文policeandparticipants可知表示“在（三者以上）??中”應(yīng)用介詞 among。故填among?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了紀念在Haymarket騷亂中的工人們，國際社會主義大會宣布5月1日為勞動節(jié)，稱為國際勞動節(jié)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知honor在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式作狀語，且本句中作目的狀語，應(yīng)用不定式。句首字母要大寫。故填Tohonor。【8題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。根據(jù)后文in1889可知應(yīng)用一般過去時，且主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，主語為holiday，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填wasestablished。【9題詳解】考查固定句型。句意：這就是為什么五月柱、勞工游行和抗議活動都是5月1日的一部分。結(jié)合句意表示“這就是為什么??”固定句型為thatiswhy?。故填why?！?0題詳解】考查連詞。句意：根據(jù)H的說法，組織和工會組織游行，“孩子們參加比賽，以便他們能夠理解公平對工人的重要性。”此處為目的狀語從句，表示“以便”應(yīng)用sothat引導(dǎo)。故填sothat。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.TheRiseoftheSmartCityTheinformationrevolutionischangingthewaycitiesarerun-andthelivesofitsresidents.Citieshaveawaytogobeforetheycanbeconsideredgeniuses.Butthey 'regettingsmartprettyfast.Injustthepastfewyears,mayorsandotherofficialsincitiesacrossthecountryhavebeguntodrawon___11___-aboutincome,traffic,fires,illnesses,parkingticketsandmore-tohandlemanyoftheproblemsofurbanlife.Whetherit 'smakingiteasierforresidentstofindparkingplaces,orgivingsmokealarmstothehouseholdsthataremostlikelytosufferfatalfires,big-datatechnologiesarebeginningto___12___thewaycitieswork.Citieshavejust___13___thesurfaceinusingdatatoimproveoperations,butbigchangesarealreadyunderwayinleadingsmartcities,saysStephenGoldsmith,aprofessorofgovernmentanddirectoroftheInnovationsinGovernmentProgramattheHarvardKennedySchool. “Intermsofcitygovernance,weareatoneofthemost___14___periodsinthelastcentury, ”hesays.Althoughcitieshavebeenusingdatainvariousformsfordecades,themodernpracticeofcivicanalytics（民情分析）hasonlybeguntotakeoffinthepastfewyears,thankstoahostof___15___changes.Amongthem:thegrowthofcloudcomputing,whichdramaticallylowersthecostsofstoringinformation;newdevelopmentsinmachinelearning,whichput___16___analyticaltoolsinthehandofcityofficials;theInternetandtheriseofinexpensivesensorsthatcantrackvastamountofinformationsuchastrafficorairpollution;andthewidespreaduseofsmartphoneappsandmobiledevicesthatenablecitizensandcityworkersaliketomonitorproblemsand___17___informationaboutthembacktocityhall.Allthisdatacollectionraisesunderstandableprivacy___18___.Mostcitieshavepoliciesdesignedtosafeguardcitizenprivacyandpreventthereleaseofinformationthatmight___19___anyoneindividual.Intheory,anyway.Widespreaduseofsensorsandvideocanalsopresentprivacyrisksunless___20___aretaken.Thetechnology “isforcingcitiestofacequestionsofprivacythattheyhaven 'thadtofacebefore, ”saysBenGreenBerkmanKleinCenterforInternetandSocietyandleadauthorofarecentreportonopen-dataprivacy.【答案】11.D12.K13.I14.CTOC\o"1-5"\h\z15.J 16.A17.F 18.B19.G 20.H解析】這是一篇說明文。信息革命正在改變城市的運行方式，以及城市居民的生活。就在過去幾年里，全國各城市的市長和其他官員開始利用有關(guān)收入、交通、火災(zāi)、疾病、停車罰單等方面的數(shù)據(jù)來處理城市生活中的許多問題。有人指出就城市治理而言，我們正處于上個世紀最重要的時期之一。文章說明了現(xiàn)代公民技術(shù)發(fā)展的一些表現(xiàn)以及這些數(shù)據(jù)的收集而引起的個人隱私方面的擔憂?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：就在過去幾年里，全國各城市的市長和其他官員開始利用有關(guān)收入、交通、火災(zāi)、疾病、停車罰單等方面的數(shù)據(jù)來處理城市生活中的許多問題。此處作賓語，表示“數(shù)據(jù)”應(yīng)用名詞data。故填data。故選D。【12題詳解】考查動詞。句意：無論是讓居民更容易找到停車位，還是為最有可能遭受致命火災(zāi)的家庭提供煙霧報警器，大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)正開始改變城市的運作方式。結(jié)合句意表示“改變”可知動詞transform，且根據(jù)上文begintodosth.可知，應(yīng)填動詞原形。故填transform。故選K。【13題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：哈佛大學(xué)肯尼迪學(xué)院政府創(chuàng)新項目主任、政府教授StephenGoldsmith表示，在利用數(shù)據(jù)改善運營方面，城市只是觸及了表面，但領(lǐng)先的智能城市已經(jīng)開始發(fā)生重大變化。此處需要謂語動詞，且表示“觸及”動詞為scratch，結(jié)合上文Citieshavejust可知為現(xiàn)在完成時。scratchthesurface“觸及表面”。故填scratched。故選I?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他表示:“就城市治理而言，我們正處于上個世紀最重要的時期之一。”結(jié)合句意，且修飾后文名詞periods，應(yīng)用形容詞consequential作定語，表示“重要的”。故填consequential。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：盡管城市使用各種形式的數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)有幾十年了，但是由于大量的技術(shù)變革，現(xiàn)代的公民分析才剛剛開始起飛。修飾后文名詞 changes，應(yīng)用形容詞technological作定語，表示“技術(shù)的”。故填technological。故選J?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：機器學(xué)習(xí)的新發(fā)展，把先進的分析工具交到市政官員手中。修飾后文名詞tools，應(yīng)用形容詞advanced作定語，表示“先進的”。故填 advanced。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞。句意：智能手機應(yīng)用程序和移動設(shè)備的廣泛使用，使市民和城市工作人員都能監(jiān)控問題，并將相關(guān)信息反饋給市政廳。結(jié)合句意表示“反饋”可知短語 feedback，且根據(jù)上文tomonitorproblemsand可知，應(yīng)填動詞原形。故填feed。故選F?！?8題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：所有這些數(shù)據(jù)的收集引起了可以理解的隱私擔憂。表示“擔憂”且作賓語應(yīng)用名詞concern，且concern為可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有冠詞故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填 concerns。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動詞。句意：大多數(shù)城市都有保護公民隱私和防止泄露可能識別任何個人身份的信息的政策。結(jié)合句意表示“識別”且作謂語，應(yīng)用動詞identify，且might后跟動詞原形。故填identify。故選G。【20題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：如果不采取預(yù)防措施，傳感器和視頻的廣泛使用也會帶來隱私風(fēng)險。條件狀語從句中缺少主語，表示“預(yù)防”，應(yīng)用名詞precaution，且根據(jù)后文are可知，應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填precautions。故選H。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthefoodindustry,itseems,therobotrevolutioniswellunderway,withmachinesmasteringskilledtasksthathavealwaysbeenperformedbypeople.InBoston,robotshavedisplaced___21___andarecreatingcomplexbowlsoffoodforcustomers.InPrague,machinesare___22___waitersandserversusinganapp.InDenver,they 'retakingorders.Robotsareevenmtheperfectloafofbreadthesedays,takingchargeofa(n)___23___thathasremainedinhumanhandsforthousandsofyears.NowcomesBriggo,acompanythathascreatedafully___24___,roboticcoffeemachinethatcanpushout100cupsofcoffeeinasinglehour--equalingthe___25___ofthreetofourbaristas(咖啡師),accordingtothecompany.UsingamixofLatinAmericanbeans,themachinecreates___26___cupsofcoffeethatcanbeorderedviaanapp,givingcustomerscontroloveringredients,flavoringsandtemperaturewithoutanyhumaninteraction.Thecompanysaysnootherbusinessintheworldhasappliedasmuch___27___to“specialtycoffee.”

Removingthe___28___elementfromorderingacupofcoffeeisoneofthecompanysprimarysellingNomorelines,nomorecounterconfusion,nomoremisspellednames,”Briggo'swebsitesays.KevinNater,Briggo'spresidentandchiefexecutive,saidthemachinewouldbestfitlocationsinwhich29___ishighlyvalued,likeairportsandofficebuildings,whereseveralofthemachinescurrentlyoperate.Imagineyou'recomingintothesecuritylineattheairport,yourflightiscomingup,andyouknowthatifyouwantacoffeeyou 'regoingtostandinalongline,”saidNater.Removingthe___28___elementfromorderingacupofcoffeeisoneofthecompanysprimarysellingNomorelines,nomorecounterconfusion,nomoremisspellednames,”Briggo'swebsitesays.KevinNater,Briggo'spresidentandchiefexecutive,saidthemachinewouldbestfitlocationsinwhich29___ishighlyvalued,likeairportsandofficebuildings,whereseveralofthemachinescurrentlyoperate.Imagineyou'recomingintothesecuritylineattheairport,yourflightiscomingup,andyouknowthatifyouwantacoffeeyou 'regoingtostandinalongline,”saidNater.Fromthesecurityline,youcansimplofcoffeeandpickitupatthecoffeehausandmakeittoyourflight30I'veneverfoundanyonewhowantstostandinlinealongtime,”headded.“We'vejustch31ButOliveGeib,a24-year-oldbaristainAnnapolis,Md.,remained32 .Ascoffeeisbeingmadebyabarista,hesaid,subtly（細微地）adjustingtheratioofwatertocoffeebeanasflavordevelopsthroughrefinedtastetests,isacrucialpartoftheprocess.Allthenumbersanddataintheworldcan'tactuallytelly33”Geibsaid.absolutelynot.”34 absolutelynot.”Alotofcustomersreallyappreciatewatchingabaristacarefullypouringwaterorsteamingthemilk,This____35 aspect,theatmosphereandtheinteractionwiththebarista,isabigpartoftheexperienceofdrinkingcoffee. ”21.A.waitressesB.baristasC.cooksD.machines22.A.replacingB.recruitingC.restoringD.resisting23.A.roomB.artC.schoolD.oven24.A.typicalB.inaccessibleC.challengingD.automatic25.A.qualityB.outputC.timeD.cost26.A.sugar-freeB.fruit-flavoredC.customizedD.professional27.A.inspirationB.technologyC.correctionD.strictness28.A.safetyB.stressC.humanD.design29.A.serviceB.preparationC.reliabilityD.convenience30A.ontimeB.forrealC.inadvanceD.withoutnotice31.A.gameB.priceC.factD.myth32.A.nervousB.sadC.annoyedD.doubtful

33.A.looksB.changesC.sellsD.tastes34.A.distinguishedB.difficultC.loyalD.lazy35.A.culturalB.socialC.skillfulD.mindful【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.B26.C27.B28.C31.A32.D33.D34.C35.B解析】29.D30.A這是一篇說明文。在食品行業(yè)，機器人革命似乎正在順利進行，機器掌握了一直由人類完成的技術(shù)任務(wù)。這是一篇說明文。在食品行業(yè)，機器人革命似乎正在順利進行，機器掌握了一直由人類完成的技術(shù)任務(wù)。文章以Briggo公司推出的一款全自動機器人咖啡機說明了這一點。21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在波士頓，機器人取代了廚師，正在為顧客制作復(fù)雜 食物。A.waitresses女服務(wù)生；B.baristas咖啡師，咖啡吧員；C.cooks廚師；D.machines機器。根據(jù)常識可知，食物通常由“廚師”制作。故選C。22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在布拉格，機器正在用一種應(yīng)用程序取代服務(wù)員。 A.replacing取代；B.re征募，聘用；C.restoring恢復(fù)，修復(fù)；D.resisting抵抗，抵制。根據(jù)第一段中的“withmachinesmasteritasksthathavealwaysbeenperformedbypeople”，，，機器“取代”了服務(wù)員。故選23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今，機器人甚至能做出完美的面包，掌控了一項人類掌握了幾千年的藝A.room考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在布拉格，機器正在用一種應(yīng)用程序取代服務(wù)員。 A.replacing取代；B.re征募，聘用；C.restoring恢復(fù)，修復(fù)；D.resisting抵抗，抵制。根據(jù)第一段中的“withmachinesmasteritasksthathavealwaysbeenperformedbypeople”，，，機器“取代”了服務(wù)員。故選23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今，機器人甚至能做出完美的面包，掌控了一項人類掌握了幾千年的藝A.room房間；B.art藝術(shù)，技術(shù)；C.school學(xué)校；D.oven烤爐，烤箱。制作面包是一項烹飪24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，Briggo公司推出了一款全自動機器人咖啡機，該公司稱，這可以在一小時內(nèi)產(chǎn)出100杯咖啡，相當于三到四名咖啡師的產(chǎn)出。 A.typical典型的；B.inaA。啡機ssible難到達的，難接近的；C.challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的；D.automatic自動的，無意識的。根據(jù)后面的“roboticcoffeemachine”可知，這臺機器是“全自動的”。故選 D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，Briggo公司推出了一款全自動機器人咖啡機，該公司稱，這款咖啡機可以在一小時內(nèi)產(chǎn)出100杯咖啡，相當于三到四名咖啡師的產(chǎn)出。quality質(zhì)量；B.output輸出量，產(chǎn)量；C.time時間；D.cost費用，代價。一小時產(chǎn)出100杯咖啡，這是三到四名咖啡師的“產(chǎn)量”。故選B。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：使用拉丁美洲咖啡豆的混合物，這臺機器可以制作出定制的咖啡，顧客可以通過應(yīng)用程序來訂購，這樣顧客就可以在不需要人工干預(yù)的情況下控制原料、調(diào)味料和溫度。 A.sugar-free無糖的；B.fruit-flavored果味的；C.customized定制的，用戶化的；D.professional專業(yè)的，職業(yè)的。根據(jù)后面的“thatcanbeorderedviaanapp,givingcustomerscontroloveringredients,flavoringsandtemperaturewithoutanyhumaninteraction”可知，顧客可以通過應(yīng)用程序來訂購，顧客可以在不需要人工干預(yù)的情況下控制原料、調(diào)味料和溫度。由此推知，這臺機器制作出的咖啡是顧客“定制的”。故選C。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：該公司表示，世界上沒有其他公司在“特色咖啡”上使用了如此多的技術(shù)。A.inspiration鼓舞，靈感；B.technology技術(shù)；C.correction糾正；D.strictness嚴格。該段前部分提到，這臺機器可以制作出定制咖啡，這屬于一種“技術(shù)”。世界上沒有其他公司在“特色咖啡”上使用了如此多的技術(shù)。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：該公司的主要賣點之一是在點咖啡時去掉人為因素。 A.safety安全；B.stress壓力；C.human人；D.design設(shè)計。下一句中提到的“l(fā)ines（排隊）；counterconfusion（計數(shù)器混亂）；misspellednames（拼錯的名字）”，這些都屬于“人為因素”。 該公司的主要賣點之一是在點咖啡時去掉人為因素。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Briggo總裁兼首席執(zhí)行官凱文?納特（KevinNater）表示，這種機器最適合那些高度重視便利性的場所，比如機場和辦公樓，目前有幾臺機器在這些地方運行。A.service服務(wù)；B.preparation準備；C.reliability可靠性；D.convenience方便，便利。根據(jù)常識可知，機場和辦公樓非常重視的是“便利”，所以這種產(chǎn)量極高的咖啡機非常適合這些地方。故選 D?！?0題詳解】考查短語辨析。句意：在安檢線上，你可以點一杯咖啡，然后在咖啡屋取走，然后準時到達你的航班。A.ontime按時；B.forreal認真的，嚴肅的；C.inadvance提前；D.withoutnotice不預(yù)先通知地。根據(jù)上一段的介紹可知，這種咖啡機非常便利，所以，你在安檢的時候點一杯咖啡，很快就可以從咖啡屋取走，避免了排隊等候，這樣，你就可以“準時”到達航班。故選 A。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他補充說：“我從沒發(fā)現(xiàn)有人愿意長時間排隊?！薄拔覀冎皇歉淖兞诵袠I(yè)規(guī)則?！盇.game游戲，行業(yè)，行當；B.price價格；C.fact事實；D.myth神話。這種咖啡機的出現(xiàn)避免了顧客排隊等候，從而改變了這個行業(yè)。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但奧利文·基卜，一位24歲的安納波利斯咖啡師，仍然心存疑慮。A.nervous緊張的；B.sad傷心的；C.annoyed惱怒的，生氣的；D.doubtful懷疑的。根據(jù)該段剩余部分內(nèi)容可知，咖啡是由咖啡師制作的，在制作過程中，通過精細的口味測試，可以巧妙地調(diào)整水與咖啡豆的比例，從而形成咖啡的味道，這是一個至關(guān)重要的環(huán)節(jié)。世界上所有的數(shù)字和數(shù)據(jù)都不能告訴你咖啡的味道。由此推知，奧利文·基卜對于這種咖啡機制作的咖啡的味道心存“疑慮”。故選 D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：世界上所有的數(shù)字和數(shù)據(jù)都不能告訴你咖啡的味道。A.looks看；B.changes改變；C.sells賣；D.tastes嘗。根據(jù)上一句“Ascoffeeisbeingmadebyabarista,hesaid,subtl（y細微地）adjustingtheratioofwatertocoffeebeanasflavordevelopsthroughrefinedtastetests,isacrucialpartoftheprocess”，，，奧利文·基卜認為，咖啡是由咖啡師制作的，在制作過程中，通過精細的口味測試，可以巧妙地調(diào)整水與咖啡豆的比例，從而形成咖啡的味道，這是一個至關(guān)重要的環(huán)節(jié)。由此推知，世界上所有的數(shù)字和數(shù)據(jù)都不能告訴你咖啡的味道。即：世界上所有的數(shù)字和數(shù)據(jù)都不能告訴你咖啡“嘗起來怎么樣”。故選 D。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他說，有一群忠實的人，他們總是會在咖啡店尋求慢節(jié)奏的互動體驗。 A.distinguished卓越的，杰出的；B.difficult困難的；C.loyal忠誠的；D.lazy懶惰的。根據(jù)后面的“whowillalwaysseekouttheslower,interactiveexperiencesatcoffeeshops”，，，，，，總是會在咖啡店尋求慢節(jié)奏的互動體驗，那么，這些人將會是咖啡店的“忠實的”顧客。故選 C。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：社交方面，氛圍和與咖啡師的互動，是喝咖啡體驗的重要組成部分。A.cultural文化的；B.social社會的，社交的；C.skillful熟練的；D.mindful留意的，留心的。根據(jù)前一句“Alotofcustomersreallyappreciatewatchingabaristacarefullypouringwaterorsteamingthemilk”可知，在咖啡店喝咖啡，顧客們會在一定程度參與“社交”，和周圍的顧客或咖啡師等互動交流。故選 B。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AWhenwesaythatresidentsintheChicagosuburbofNorthRiverside,Illinois, “wrotethebookgoodneighbors,wearenotexaggerating.TheresidentsofNorthRiversidereallydidwriteabookonneighborlinessthathashelpedmaketheirtownaremarkableplace.NeighborsAll:CreatingCommunityOneBlockataTimeisa65-pagemanualfilledwithfriendlysuggestionsandinspiringstories,alldesignedtobuild “familybonds”amongneighbors.Everyhouseholdgetsacopybyavolunteer “blockcaptain ”taskedwithwelcomingnewarrivals,helpingseniors,makingsurekidsplaynice,andmore.It'sabigjob,butthe90captainsacrossthetownof6,700don 'tdoitalone.Theyareorganizecaptain,CaroSaple,andtheneighborhoodServicesCommittee,whichappointsleadersofallages,includingateamofschool-age“angels”.Ifallthisseemssomewhatbureaucratic（宮僚制度的）,inpracticeNeighborsAllhasverymuchliveduptoitstitle.Onecaptaingottochattingwithaneldercouplewhorevealedthattheycouldn 'taffordtorestove.Beforelong,theNeighborhoodServicesCommitteehadcollectedenoughmoneytobuythemanewone.Anotherresident,awomanfromPoland,toldhercaptainthatshewashavingtroublesortingoutthepaperworktogethercitizenship.Thecaptaintoldthecommittee,whichtoldthemayor,whogotthehelpoftheirlocalcongressperson,andsoonthewoman 'spaperworkwasallinorder.“IhavebeeninNorthRiversideover34yearsandamveryproudofthesmall-towncaringthecommunitydemonstrateseveryday, ”saidVeraJandacekWilt. “Watersrisingintheriver,readytofloodnearbyhomes?Residentsandofficialsarefillingsandbagstoholdbackthefloods.Lonelyseniorshavenotsteppedoutofthehouse?Ablockcaptainshowsuptoinvitethemtoablockparty.Thiscommunitytrulylooksoutforoneanother.DoesallthismeanthatNorthRiversideisperfect?No--neighborsstillquarrel.Kidsstillfight.ButthecommunityspiritthatispartofNorthRiverside 'sDNAappearsallovertown.Inparagraph1,thephrase “wrotethebook”isclosestinmeaningto .showedexpertiseB.learnedalessonputdowninwriting D.revealedsecretsWhichofthefollowingistrueofthebookNeighborsAll?ItincludesinspiringstorieswrittenbyCaroSaple.Itgivesadviceandinstructionsonhowtobenice.ItisahistoricalrecordoftheNorthRiverside.

ItisfortheNeighborhoodServicesCommittee.Whatamongthefollowingaretheresponsibilitiesofablockcaptain?SpreadingcopiesofthebookNeighborsAll;angelsAppointingschool-agekidsasvolunteerangelsvisitingandaccompanyinglonelyseniors.A.(1)and(2)D.Allofabove(2)and(3)A.(1)and(2)D.Allofabove(1)and(3)Accordingtothepassage,VeraJandacekWiltfeltreallyproudof .theneighborlinessinNorthRiversidetheblockpartiesforseniorresidentslivinginaperfectlysafecommunitybecomingacaptainforthoseinneed【答案】36.A37.B 38.C 39.A【解析】本文是夾敘夾議文，介紹了芝加哥郊區(qū)伊利諾斯州北河濱鎮(zhèn)的居民寫了一本“關(guān)于如何成為好鄰居的書”，使這個鎮(zhèn)上的居民鄰里之間和睦相處，互相照顧?！?6題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中關(guān)于這本書內(nèi)容的描述“NeighborsAll:CreatingCommunityOneBlockataTimeisa65-pagemanualfilledwithfriendlysuggestionsandinspiringstories,alldesignedtobuild “neighbors.（《所有鄰居：每次創(chuàng)建一個社區(qū)》是一本65頁的手冊，書里都是友好的建議和鼓舞人心的故事，所有這些都是為了在鄰居之間建立“家庭般的關(guān)系”。）”，這本書里的內(nèi)容是專門關(guān)于如何成為好鄰居的一些知識，因此可以猜測“residents?“wrotethebook”意o思n為?“”鎮(zhèn)上的居民展示了他們在如何成為好鄰居方面的專門知識”。再根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ ?hashelpedmaketheirtownaremarkableplace.”可知，由于鎮(zhèn)上居民在鄰里關(guān)系上的專門知識，從而做到了睦鄰相處，互相幫助，使該鎮(zhèn)成為了一個與眾不同的地方。故選A項。【37題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“NeighborsAll:CreatingCommunityOneBlockataTimeisa65-pagemanualfilledwithfriendlysuggestionsandinspiringstories,alldesignedtobuild “fa（m《ily所b有on鄰ds居：”amongneig每次創(chuàng)建一個社區(qū)》是一本65頁的手冊，書里都是友好的建議和鼓舞人心的故事，所有這些故事都是為了在鄰居之間建立“家庭般的關(guān)系”。）”可知，這本書對于如何和鄰居友好相處，提出了很好的建議。故選

項?！?8題詳解】taskedwith細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Everyhouseholdgetsacopy,deliveredbyavolunteer “blockcaptain”taskedwithwelcomingnewarrivals,helpingseniors,makingsurekidsplaynice,andmore. 每個家庭都得到一份，?由(一個志愿“街區(qū)隊長”遞送給他們，“街區(qū)隊長”的任務(wù)是歡迎新來者、幫助老年人、確保孩子們玩得好，等等。)”由此可知，“街區(qū)隊長”的職責是向所有鄰居遞送這本小冊子和幫助老人；再根據(jù)“ ?theneighborhoodServicesCommittee,whichappointsleadersofallages,includingateamofschool-age“ange”ls可知，任命學(xué)齡孩子當志愿“天使”是由社區(qū)服務(wù)委員會負責的。故選C項?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中VeraJandacekWilt所說的話“?amveryproudofthesmall-towncaringthecommunitydemonstrateseveryday ?Thiscommunitytrulylooksoutforoneano社the區(qū)r.每(天都展現(xiàn)出的關(guān)心，我對此感到非常自豪。??.這個社區(qū)真的互相照顧。)”，并且舉了兩個例子：河水上漲，居民和官員們填沙袋以阻擋洪水；孤獨的老人被邀請參加街區(qū)聚會。由此可知，讓 VeraJandacekWilt感到自豪的是這個小鎮(zhèn)的睦鄰友好關(guān)系。故選A項。BJustwhenyouthoughtyoufiguredoutMillennials(thosewhoreachedyoungadulthoodaroundtheyear2000),GenerationZisnowenteringtheworkforce.Amassive72.8millionindividualsareincludedinthisgroupbornbetweenthemid-1990sandtheearly2000s.Areyouready?WhilewehavelearnedhowtocreateaculturewhereMillennialscandowell,whatGenerationZneedscanbequitedifferent:MillennialsGenerationZDon'tjustworkforapaycheck,theywantapurpose.MoneyandjobsecurityaretheirtopmotivatorsTheywanttomakeadifferencebutsurvivingandevelopingaremoreimportant.Theyaren'tpursuingjobsatisfaction,theyarepursuingtheirowndevelopment.Theywanttogatherrewardingexperiences.GenZtendtowardsbeingimpatientandoftenexperienceFOMO(FearOfMissingOut),soinstant

feedbackandsatisfactionarekey.Theydon'twantbosses,theywantcoaches.Theywanttobeguidedinanenvironmentwheretheycanadvancequickly.Theywanttolooktheirleadersintheeyeandexperiencehonestyandtransparency.Theydon'twantannualreviews,theywantongoingconversations.Theydon'twantanannualworkassessment,theywanttobeadvisedandgivenfeedbackonanongoingfrequent(daily)basis.Theydon'twanttofixtheirweaknesses,theywanttodeveloptheirstrengths.Theybelievethattherearewinnersandlosers-andmorepeoplefallintothelosingcategory.Theywanttohavethetoolstowin,eitherthroughdevelopingweaknessesorstrengths.Theyhaveacooperativewayofthinkingwhereeveryonejoinsinandworkstogether.72%ofGenZsaidtheyarecompetitivewithdoingthesamejob.Theyareindependentandwanttobejudgedontheirownvalueandshowcasetheirindividualtalents.It'snotjusttheirjob,it 'Salaryandbenefitsandhowtheycanadvancearecentral.TheyareaDIYgenerationandtheyfeelstheirlife.thatothergenerationshaveovercomplicatedtheworkplace.Accordingtothepassage,MillennialsandGenZsharethesamepointofviewon A.jobsatisfactionB.workassessmentC.weaknessesandstrengthsD.salaryandbenefits41.WhichofthefollowingistrueofGenZ'swayofthinking?A.Theyprefertobeteamleaders,notmembers.

Theyenjoyworkingtogetherwithothers.Theydon'twanttocooperate,theycompete.Theyhavetalentsanddon'twanttobejudged.Whoamongthefollowingaremostprobablythetargetreadersofthispassage?Millennials. B.GenerationZ.C.Recruiters. D.FOMOpatients.【答案】40.B 41.C 42.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文對“千禧一代”和“Z一代”在職場上的異同點進行了大揭秘。40題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Millennials中的“Theydon'twantannualreview”s他們不需要年度評估。根據(jù)GenerationZ中的“Theydon'twantanannualworkassessm”ent他們不想要年度工作評估。所以“千禧一代”和“Z一代”對工作評估的看法一致。故選B項。41題詳解】42題詳解】更好地了解他們。由此判斷細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Geneindependentandwanttob代表示做同樣的工作，他們個人才能。由此可知，他們推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段ionZisnowenteringtheworkforce.adulthoodaroundtheyear已經(jīng)了解了千禧一代（那文對“千禧一代”和“這篇文章的讀者。故選%ofGenZsaidtheyarecompetitivewithdoingthesamejob.Theyareownvalueandshowcasetheirindividualtalents.”可知，72%的Z41題詳解】42題詳解】更好地了解他們。由此判斷細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Geneindependentandwanttob代表示做同樣的工作，他們個人才能。由此可知，他們推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段ionZisnowenteringtheworkforce.adulthoodaroundtheyear已經(jīng)了解了千禧一代（那文對“千禧一代”和“這篇文章的讀者。故選%ofGenZsaidtheyarecompetitivewithdoingthesamejob.Theyareownvalueandshowcasetheirindividualtalents.”可知，72%的Z們是獨立的，希望別人對他們的價值進行評判，并展示他們的而喜歡競爭。故選C項。outhoughtyoufiguredoutMillennials(thosewhoreachedyoung就在你認為自己成年的人）的時候，Z一代正在進入職場。）以及表格內(nèi)容，可知短大揭秘。這有利于招聘公司或者企業(yè)或者其它需要員工的崗位C項。CWeallhaveatendencytofakelaugh,particularlywhenauthorityfiguresinourlivestrytomakeajokethatjustdoesn'tland.Thoughitmightfeelrudenottolaughwhenyouri-nlawsorbosstrytosaysomethingfunny,pretendingtodosomightnotbemuchbetter.Itturnsout,evenifyouthinkthatyourforcedlaughingsoundsgenuine,peopleareusuallyprettygoodatseparatingtrulyspiritedbellylaughsfromfakeones.Buthowcantheypossibleknowthedifference?Well,whenresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelesstudiedtheacousticandperceptualdifferencesbetweenrealandfakelaughter,theyfoundthatsomeofthesoundsassociatedwithgenuinelaughteris“reallyhardtofake. ”Intheirstudy,theresearchersdeterminedthatsubjectswereonlyfooledby37percentoffakelaughter.Themostprominentfactordistinguishingreallaughterfromfakelaughterisduration--or,morespecifically,thenumberofbreathstakenininbetweensounds.Seeingasittakesmoreeffortandconcentrationtofakealaughasopposedtodoitgenuinely,peopletendtopausemoreinbetweentheir-ha's”whenthey“'harefakingit.Evidently,thatpausingisprettynoticeable.“Afakelaughisbasicallyanimitationofareallaugh,butproducedwithaslightlydifferentsetofvocalmusclescontrolledbyadifferentpartofourbrain, ”GregBryant,theleadUCLAresearcheronthestudy,explained.resultisthattherearesubtlefeaturesofthelaughthatsoundlikespeech,and...peopleareunconsciouslyquitesensitivetothem. ”Peoplehavealsoproventobeemotionallysensitivetolaughteraswell. “Ourrainsareverysenssocialandemotionalsignificanceoflaughter, ”saidCarolynMcGettigan,ascientistatRoyalHolloway,UniversitLondon.McGettiganconducteda2014studythatrecordedparticipants 'brainresponsesastheylistenedtothespeopleproducegenuinelaughterbywatchingfunnyvideos,asopposedtofakelaughter. “Duringouparticipantsheardalaughthatwasposed,theyactivatedregionsofthebrainassociatedwithmentalizinginanattempttounderstandtheotherperson 'semotionalandmentalstate, ”shesaid.So, whilewemayunderstandthatcertainsocialsituationssometimesrequirefakelaughter,mostofthetime,ourinstinctsandemotionalintelligencearejusttoosmarttobuyintothem.AccordingtoMcGettigan,that'sagoodthing. “Evolutionarilyspeaking,it'sgoodtobeabletoisauthenticallyexperiencinganemotionorifthey 'renot,”shesaid. “Becauseyoudon'twanWhatdoresearchersattheUniversityofCaliforniawanttofindoutinthisstudy?Whatisthedifferencebetweenafakelaughandarealone.Whichpartofthebraincontrolsthesoundofourlaughter.Whydopeopleneedtofakelaughwhentheydon 'twantto.Howtolaughasgenuinelyaspossiblewhenyouarefakingit.Yourforcedlaughingismorenoti