高中英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)歸納

高中英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)歸納高中英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)歸納1.[1]冠詞;數(shù)詞泛指與特指序數(shù)詞和比較級(jí)加冠詞never…abetteroneathirdone=another=thenextthebetteroneofthetwoamostimportantmatter詞組辨異attable—atthetableoutofquestion—outofthequestiongotothecinema—gotoacinemaasecond;amost…thebalanceofnature;space;theuniverse;thetelephone(invention)theChineselanguage專有名詞:theSmiths;atHarold's;buyaChinaDaily;achemistandmathematician;inthe1980s;inhisfifties;TheUnitedStates(America);theSpringFestival;(anartfestival)a+不可數(shù)名詞agoodknowledgeofEnglish;ascience[2]名詞;代詞;主謂一致不定代詞(復(fù)合代詞):指代的單復(fù)數(shù):everyone;each;everyone;much;most;none;neither;half;后置修飾語(yǔ):that定語(yǔ)從句;形容詞后置;介詞短語(yǔ);非謂語(yǔ)形式可否接of短語(yǔ):everyone-everyone;none—noone;幾組辨異詞:other;theother;another;others;theothersnone;neither;noone;nothingevery;everyone;everyone;each;anyoneany;some;something;anythingfew;afew;little;alittle反身代詞:詞組;enjoy;devote;accustom;make(…done)—oneself反身動(dòng)詞(seat;dress;station;locate;hide;devote;adapt;prepare;etc);自己的怎么說(shuō):one'sown…;a…ofone'sown;集合名詞:group;population;audience;team;family;majority;vocabulary;etc.thecattle;thepeople;thepolice;clothes;(pl.)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞:twopiecesofpaper;apairoftrousers(they;thispair);etc.twodollars;tenmiles;就近/遠(yuǎn)原則:neithernor…;aswellas;togetherwithelse;somethingelse;anyoneelse;whoelse;whoelse's[3]形容詞;副詞比較句型as…as,notso…as,more…than,lessoftenthan,themore…theless;moreandmore倍數(shù)表達(dá)twiceasmany(cars)astwicemorethantwicetheproductionofdoubledthescoreofhisopponent.Manythingsnowcostdoublewhattheydidafewyearsago比較級(jí)表最高級(jí)morethananyothercountry;morethantheothercountries,morethananyoftheothercountries;Noonecanbemorestrictthanhe.Ihaveneverseenamoremagnificentscenethanthis.Thelargervocabularyyouhave,theeasieryouwillfindittolearnEnglish.比較詞組as…aspossible,as…asonecan,as…asanything,aswellas,and…aswell,solongas,sofaras,assoonas,sofar,soasto,asfor,asarule,asaresult,asamatteroffact,asawhole,asto;morethan,nomorethan,nolessthan,nothinglessthan,otherthan,nootherthan,ratherthan,nosooner…than,nomore,notanymore,nolonger,notanylonger;[4]動(dòng)詞;時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞:get;seem;appear;turn;fall;become;remain;stay;prove;turnout;etc.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法:should;shall;may;can;dare;need;haveto;usedto;etc.(否定;結(jié)構(gòu)辨析)各種時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)氣;句型;)句型中的特定時(shí)態(tài)ItisseveralyearssinceIsawherlasttime.ItwasseveralyearssinceIhadseenhim.ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.ThatwasthesecondtimeIhadbeenthere.Itishightimethatyoudidyourhomework.Themanagerwillseeyouifheisfreetomorrow.ThemanseemsasifhehadbeentheremanytimesIwouldhaveseenthefilmifIhadhadtimeyesterday.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)Hedidn'tseetheresultuntilheleft.Itwasnotuntilthenthatheknewhehadbeencheated.Itisnecessarythatweshouldlearnhardsoastopasstheexamination.Ididn'tthinkyouwerecomingtoday.Itwillbelongbeforewetakeoverthecity.Itwasseveralyearsbeforeconstructionofthebuildingwasstarted..Gostraightandyouwillseeapostacrossthestreet.Inthepastfewyearswehavebuiltsevenhighways.Bytheendoflastyearhehadlearnedtwothousandwords.SofarIhaveknownheisafalsefriend.Bythetimeyougottherehewillhaveleft.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng):prove;blame;sell;turnout;require;resultfrom;[5]非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn),也是難點(diǎn),學(xué)生常常對(duì)此感到頭疼.其實(shí)只要理解并掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞各種形式的特點(diǎn),做起題來(lái)會(huì)很輕松.我們先來(lái)看看非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種變化形式.熟悉知道了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式后,做題時(shí)可分四步分析.一,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.____manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold.B.Told.C.HewastoldD.Thoughhehadbeentold3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned分析:句1.用連詞but引導(dǎo)并列句子,因此,前面也是個(gè)獨(dú)立句子成分,故選C.句2.句中用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),且無(wú)連詞引導(dǎo),因此,前面不是句子結(jié)構(gòu),只是句子的一個(gè)成分,故選A,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ).句3.同句2,選A.句4.前面用if引導(dǎo)從句,故選C,構(gòu)成從句謂語(yǔ).句5.同句1,選C.二,分析邏輯主語(yǔ)確定要選非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后,第二步要分析其邏輯主語(yǔ).非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ),但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn),其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ).非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)須和句子的真正主語(yǔ)一致.若不一致,則須加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ).1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing2.______SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.分析:句1.表示"沒(méi)有公共汽車(chē)",應(yīng)用"therebe"結(jié)構(gòu),即邏輯主語(yǔ)是"there",故選A.句2.選D.三,分析語(yǔ)態(tài)分析語(yǔ)態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后,分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系.1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See這兩個(gè)題選項(xiàng)中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都沒(méi)有加自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),因此其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ).分析:句1."地球"被"看起來(lái)",表被動(dòng),故選A,用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng).句2.我們"主動(dòng)看……"即表主動(dòng),故選B.3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.4._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashed分析:句3.前面應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作句子的狀語(yǔ),邏輯主語(yǔ)是"thedirtyclothes",和動(dòng)詞搭配表示"衣服被洗",故選B.句4.邏輯主語(yǔ)為句子的主語(yǔ)"thegirl",表示"女孩洗衣服",為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選D.四,分析時(shí)態(tài),在選定了主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)后,還要考慮動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間問(wèn)題,即時(shí)態(tài).1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.built句1中now說(shuō)明大樓正在被修,故用進(jìn)行式,選C.句2中nextyear說(shuō)明大樓將在明年被修,故用表將來(lái)的不定式,選B.句3中l(wèi)astyear說(shuō)明大樓已被修,但不能選A,因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式不能作定語(yǔ),故用過(guò)去分詞,選D.又如:1.Hestoodthere______forhismother.2.______fortwohours,hewentaway.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitedD.Havingwaited句1表示"站在那等",兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生,故選A作伴隨狀語(yǔ).句2表示已經(jīng)等了兩個(gè)小時(shí),發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞"wentaway"之前,故用完成式,選D.需要注意的是,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定也是?？嫉捻?xiàng)目,要認(rèn)清否定形式,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定都應(yīng)將not放在前面.如:Whatisthereasonfor______there.A.notyourgoingB.notyourgoC.yournotgoingD.younottogo何種情況下出現(xiàn)動(dòng)名詞/不定式(介詞;動(dòng)詞;suchas…;做主語(yǔ),etc.)只接"動(dòng)名詞"做賓語(yǔ)的詞:建議suggest冒險(xiǎn)risk去獻(xiàn)身devote,忍受bear/stand期待lookforwardto不停頓keep.放棄giveup延期putoff/delay悔regret失去miss,堅(jiān)持insiston/stickto/keepon欣賞enjoy/appreciate/feellike實(shí)踐practice注意payattentionto原諒excuse避avoid反對(duì)objectto,考慮consider要求demand/require/need不自禁can'thelp.顧及allowfor習(xí)慣beaccustomedto/beusedto不介意mind,值得beworth開(kāi)始setabout想imagine動(dòng)名.Admit,allow只接"不定式"的動(dòng)詞:seem,expect,hope,wish,want,decide,offer,manage,dare,agree,promise,pretend,refuse,learn,help,plan,intend;"不定式加連詞"show,teach,tell,advise,decide,discuss,findout,etc.Pleaseshowmehowtogettheresult.Wehavenotdecidedwhethertogotohisparty.3)兩者皆可忘記,停止,打算,試,害怕,繼續(xù),悔,偏愛(ài),意欲,愿意,有困難.Remember,forget,regret;stop;goon;beafraid;prefer;mean;try;help(can'thelp);feellikedoing/wouldliketodo;havedifficultyindoing/todo;require,demand,want,need,beworth主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)意義)They____hergoingtothepartythoughitwasnotpermitted.A.allowedB.expectedC.persuadedD.permittedThewindowneed____.A.TomendB.mendedC.beingmendedD.mendingThismachineisworth__.A.tobuyB.buyingC.tobeboughtD.beingbought[6]名詞從句思考Heshowedhiscompanions___well-chosenpresentshehadboughtforhisGF.A.suchB.soC.whatD.how2that/whether(if)不做成分3who(ever)主,表;whomever賓=people/anyone/everyone(who…)whose(ever)which(ever)what(ever)主,賓,表,定4when(ever)where(ever)how(ever)why狀thetime/place/reason(when/where/why)選擇連詞(結(jié)構(gòu)辨析)(1)____ofthemdoyouthinkwillteachusClassthree.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.what(2)Hesoldthehouse_hethoughtwasagoodprice.A.whatB.atwhatC.atwhichD.atthat(3)Thestudentsareallinterestedin___MissBrownmanagedtodoit.A.whichB.whatC.seeingD.how辨別從句(定語(yǔ)/同位語(yǔ)/強(qiáng)調(diào))(4)Weknowthetruth__thereiswater,thereislife.A.thatwhereverB.thatC.whereD.anywhere(5)Heregretsnothavingfollowedherproposal,____he____forgranted,thathe____withmesomewarmclothes.A.that;takes;takeB.which;take;takeC.which;hastaken;takesD.which;hastaken;take(6)Itwasin1920____thepoetpaidhisfirsttriptoAmericaforanewchallengeinhiswritingcareer____hegottoknowCharlieChaplin.A.that;whenB.when;thatC.inthatyear;thatD.inwhich;when無(wú)論;任何(7)Itremainsunknown____shekilledherselfwithagun.A.howeverB.howeverC.whyD.whenever(8)______muchadviceIgavehim,hedidexactlywhathewantedtodo.A.HowB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Nomatter(9)Ourmonitorneverfailstohelp___hastrouble.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.thosewho是否;如果(同位語(yǔ);介詞之后;ornot;todo;歧義;句首;表語(yǔ)從句)(10)Doesitmakeanydifference____ornotyousignupforthecontestA.thatB.ifC.whetherD.how誰(shuí);任何人who;whoever;onewho;thosewho;(11)Weshouldn'tmakefunof___havetroubleinlearningEnglish.A.anyonewhoB.whomeverC.thosethatD.who(12)Istillwonder____couldgetintothebuildingthroughsuchasmallholeinthewall.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomeverD.thatwho陳述語(yǔ)序(13)___doyousuppose____A.what/thatthewomanisB.Who/thewomanisC.Whom/thewomanisD.what/isthewoman(14)We'vehavetofinishthejob,_____.A.longittakeshoweverB.ittakeshoweverlongC.longhoweverittakesD.howeverlongittakes介詞賓語(yǔ)(15)Theyalwaysgivethefreeticketsto____comesfirst.A.whomeverB.whoeverC.thatD.what(16)Givethemoneyto__youthinkisbadlyinneedof.A.whomeverB.anyonewhoC.anyoneD.whoeverWhat活用(17)Theancientmapwasfoundin____wecallHebeiProvincenow.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where(18)Thisbookwillshowyou___youhavelearnedinonesubjectcanbeappliedinothersubjects.That的用法(形式主/賓語(yǔ))(19)Wethinkitimportant____collegestudentsshouldmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.why(20)Whatmadehermothersoangry____theexam.A.becauseshedidn'tpassB.shenotpassingC.thatshedidn'tpassD.becauseofhernotpassing高中英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)歸納2.[7]定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞that和which指物,當(dāng)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,little,anything等不定代詞時(shí),或有序數(shù)詞,最高級(jí),先行詞含有人和物,用who開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句,先行詞前有theonly,thevery,theright,justthe,以及兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句(包含關(guān)系)為避免重復(fù)的情況下,等,則只用that.?先行詞是all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much,theone等不定代詞時(shí)Thereisnothing(that)Icando.Imeantheonethatwasbroughtyesterday.That'sallIwanttosay.?先行詞被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等詞修飾時(shí)Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.Youmaytakehomeanyofthesebooksthatyoulike.?先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.Thisisthebestnovel(that)Ihaveeverread.?先行詞被theonly,thevery(正是,恰是),thesame,thelast修飾時(shí)Thewhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthehospital.ThisisthesamewatchthatIlostyesterday.?當(dāng)先行詞有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上時(shí),既有人又有物,定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)(that既可指人也可指物)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.2.下列情況不能使用that,而用which?that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.?that不能置于介詞之后(介詞后指物用which,指人用whom)ThepersontowhomIamspeakingjustnowisourEnglishteacher.Theprizeforwhichheworkedsohardwasanewbicycle.Weshoulddoeverythingthatwecantohelpthedisabled.A.everythingB.whateverC.whatD.allabove限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that,其區(qū)分的意義在于:Thetourists,whoknewaboutthestorm,stayedinthehotel.(allthetourist)Thetouristswhoknewaboutthestormstayedinthehotel.(onlysometourists)Theweatherforecastsaidtherewouldbenorain,whichturnedouttobenottrue.含有介詞的關(guān)系詞,只能用which;如果介詞不在關(guān)系詞前則不受限制.DoyouknowthepersonyourbrotherwritestoWhose在從句中既可以指人也可以指物,注意與which的轉(zhuǎn)換:名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+which.Theylivedinahouse,whoseroofwasbroken.=Theylivedinahouse,theroofofwhichwasbroken.關(guān)系代詞Which/that還是關(guān)系副詞where/when取決于關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分.Thisisthefactorywhereweworkedlastyear.(where=inthefactory)區(qū)分Itis/was…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)句與帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句.方法是去掉itis和that,剩余的仍然是一個(gè)完整的句子.ItwasatthetheatrethatLincolnwasmurdered.ItwasthetheatrewhereLincolnwasmurdered.有時(shí)候,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)也能影響句子結(jié)構(gòu).這是英語(yǔ)句子的聯(lián)結(jié)手段決定的.YesterdayIgotaletterfromLi,whichsaidthathewasgettingalongwellwithhisstudies.YesterdayIgotaletterfromLi.Itsaidthathewasgettingalongwellwithhisstudies.YesterdayIgotaletterfromLi,anditsaidthathewasgettingalongwellwithhisstudies.定冠詞能夠影響句子的結(jié)構(gòu).Mr.SmithisoneoftheforeignerswhoareworkinginChina.Mr.SmithistheoneoftheforeignerswhoisworkinginChina.IsthisfactorytheoneyouvisitedlastweekIsthisthefactoryyouvisitedlastweekAs和which的用法:1)可以修飾整個(gè)句子;2)從句位置不同;3)有互換的可能.Newtonwasagreatscientist,iswellknown.A.whomB.asC.thatD.whichAsisknowntousall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.Thecomputerismoreandmorewidelyusedinourlife,whichencouragesustostudyharder.Aswehavefoundinthelasttwoyears,thismatterhassomethingdifferentfromothers.Allwedidhasbeenproved,asitis.含有介詞短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般不能分開(kāi).Thechildrenwhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.Thetwoelementswhichwaterconsistsofareoxygenandhydrogen.比較:Theapartmentinwhichwehadlivedtwentyyearswaspulleddownfinally.關(guān)系代詞that在定與從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能位于其前.HeistheteacherthatIborrowedthedictionaryfrom.HeistheteacherfromwhomIborrowedthedictionary.定與從句與狀語(yǔ)從句,名詞從句的辨別.注意對(duì)從句性質(zhì)的判斷,據(jù)此來(lái)選擇適當(dāng)連詞.(1)what=allthat;whatever=anythingthat;Youhavegotwhatyouneed,whatelsedoyouwantYouhavegoteverything(that)youneed,whatelsedoyouwantYouwillsurelyfailedwhateveryoudonow.(2)whoever=anyonewho;Whoeverbreakstherulewillsurelybepunished.Anyonewhobreakstherulewillsurelybepunished.(3)why=thereasonwhy;CouldyoutellmewhyyouwerelateyesterdayCouldyoutellmethereasonwhyyouwerelateyesterday(4)同位語(yǔ)從句:Thefactthathespokeatthemeetingastonishedus.Reason;doubt;time;place做先行詞Thisisthereasonthathegaveuswhyhewassolate.Ihavenodoubtthathewouldliketogowithus.Thereisstilladoubtwhetherhecouldcometo.Thisistheplacewevisitedlastmonth.Same;such與as/that1.as常出現(xiàn)在thesame…as,such…as,so…as,as…as等結(jié)構(gòu)中ThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(livesin).Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.Asmanychildrenascamehereweremyfather'spupils.?thesame…that…和thesame…as…的區(qū)別Ihaveboughtthesamewatchasyouhave.我買(mǎi)了一塊和你一樣的手表.(我的手表和你的手表很像,但不是同一塊.)ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.這就是我丟的那塊手表.(這手表和我丟的手表是同一塊)2.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代逗號(hào)前的整個(gè)句子(即先行詞),可置于句首或句末.Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.Marywaslateforschool,asoftenhappened.Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.?as指代一句話和which指代一句話的用法區(qū)別as的這種用法通常出現(xiàn)在一些固定短語(yǔ)之中如:1.ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述2.asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出來(lái)的那樣3.asiswellknown眾所周知4.aswasexpected正如預(yù)料的那樣5.ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣6.asweallcansee正如我們都會(huì)看到的那樣which則不需要,例如:Themandiedlastnight,whichisalie.as替代一句話即可放句首也可放句末,而which只能放句末.1)Thatisthesametoolasweusedlasttime.和上次一樣的Thatisthesametoolthatweusedlasttime.就是上次的那個(gè)2)Wearenowinsuchaconditionthatthereisnootherchoiceforus.如此……以至Thesetrousersaresoldatsuchalowprice_____peopleexpected.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which正如……那樣的Thisissuchaninstructivefilm____everyonewantstoseeagain.A.asBthatC.whichD.whatTheway做先行詞,關(guān)系詞可以用inwhich;that;或省略Idon'tlike___youspeaktoher.A.thewaywhichB.thewayinthatC.thewayD.thewaywhere[8]狀語(yǔ)從句與連詞;連接副詞1)Before;after:HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstoodanything.BeforeIgotinawordhehadmeasuredme.Timepassedquicklyandthreemonthswentbybeforeheknew.2)when(whenever),as,while:IhadbeendrivingforatleastanhourwhenIfinallyfoundhishouse.(前后)Johnsangasheenteredtheroom.(同時(shí))AsFrankwentdownstairshiseyesfellonalargeenvelopebythedoor.(瞬間)Ikeptsilentwhilehewaswriting.(持續(xù))Whileothersweredoingmorningexercisesonthesports-groundhewassleepinginthebedroom.(并列連詞:對(duì)比)Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldwhenhefeltapaininhislefthand.(=andthen;butthen;justthen)3)tilluntil(notuntil)ThecityremainedunderSpanishruleuntilMexicowonitsindependencein1821.Iknewnothingaboutituntil/till/beforeyoutoldme.Notuntilshehadheardthenewswasshereallyfrightened.(倒裝)Itwasnotuntilhewastenyearsoldthathestartedtoread.(強(qiáng)調(diào))4)since(eversince)Itwastenyearssincewehadbeenthere.(時(shí)態(tài))Theyhavebeenfriendseversincetheymetatschool.5)OnceEverytime,Eachtime;thefirsttime,themoment,theminute;thetime;assoonas,Onceyouneedhelp,don'thesitatetoletmeknow.(句首)Theboysranawaythemomenttheysawme.(assoonas)Oncepublished,thebookwasimmediatelytranslatedintoseverallanguages.6)nosooner…than,scarcely…before,hardly…whenTheboyshadhardlyseenmebeforetheyranaway.(時(shí)態(tài))Hardlyhadtheboysseenmebeforetheyranaway.(倒裝)Theboyshadnosoonerseenmethantheyranaway.7)where(wherever(地點(diǎn)))Whereveryougo,whateveryoudo,Iwillberightherewaitingforyou.Youcanfindhimwhereheworks.(狀語(yǔ))Youcanfindhimintheplacewhereheworks.(定語(yǔ))It'snotknownwherehelives.(名詞從句)Whereareyoufrom(代詞)8)if,suppose,incase,unless,so(as)longas(ifonly),once,giventhat,providingthat,onconditionthat(條件);Solongasyoudoitwell,Idon'tmindhowyoudoit.SupposeItoldhim,hemightblameyou.Incaseitshouldrain,you'dbettertakeyourumbrellawithyou.(虛擬)I'llnotjointhemunlessinvited.(省略)9)since,as,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat原因,Manychessplayerssaidthismeanttheendofchesschampionshipsaroundtheworld,sincethefunhadbeentakenoutofthegame.(區(qū)分)Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tattendthemeeting.(強(qiáng)調(diào))Don'tbelieveanythingsimply/onlybecausemanyotherpeoplebelievethat.(修飾)Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.(because/for)推測(cè)的依據(jù)Hecouldnothaveseenme,for/becauseIwasn'tthere.因果關(guān)系Thehotelworkersreceivedhimandtelephonedthemanager,fortheyhadneverseenabicycleinthehotelhallbeforethoughtheylivedin"kingdomofbicycles".10)so…that,such…that,sothat,thatsothat,inorderthat,that,so,結(jié)果,WhathaveIdonethatyoushouldbesoangrywithmeI'vejustcomeintoalittlemoneysothisisgoodbye.Hespokeatthetopofhisvoicesothateveryonecouldhear.11)lest,forfearthat,incase"以防,萬(wàn)一"Themeetingwillbeputoffincasethatitshouldrain.(should)12)as…as,notso…as,than,the…,the…比較;Itispossibletomakemetalashardorassoftasiswished,byannealingit.Youshouldmasterasmanywordsasyoucan.HespeaksEnglishaswellasRussian.Hedidnotstudyashardashissondoesnow.Metalthathasbeenannealedissoftbutdoesnotbreakaseasily.(省略)Shemeantmoretomethananyone…evenmywife.Oursportsgroundisthreetimeslargerthantheirs.Johnplaysfootballaswell,ifnotbetterthan,asDavid.Mybedroomisslightlybiggerthanyours.Thelongertheheatedmetaltakestocoolslowly,thesofteritbecomes.(對(duì)稱)13)as,asif,asthough,方式Helookedasifhehadjuststeppedoutoffairytalesandhepassedmelikeaspirit.14)though,although,evenif,eventhough,whether…or,whetherornot,nomatterwh-,wh-ever,as,while,讓步Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidn'tcome,though.Whetherhedrivesortakesthetrain,he'llbehereontime.Whetherornotheisinterestedintheforeignlanguage,hehastostudyit.Whetherornotheisinterestedintheforeignlanguageremainsaquestion.Nomatterwhathesays,noonewillbelievehim.Whoeveryouare,youmustdoasrequired.Difficultasthetaskis,I'llfulfillitontime.DoctorasMikeis,heisnotcapableofoperating.MuchasIlikethetoy,Iwillnotbuyit.Surroundedastheywerebytheenemy,theymanagedtomarchforward.WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisshortcomings.WhileIknowitisdifficult,I'lltry.[9]詞組與句型結(jié)構(gòu)并列與平行;A,B,C,Dand/orEAaandBb;AaandBbIntheworldandontheearth;Eithertoleaveor(to)stay;Thinkingandlearning三個(gè)公式SV;SVSv,SVv,SV(Though)SV,(which)SVIt句型(連詞;時(shí)態(tài))Therebe句型變體Whodoyouthinkis……連鎖式疑問(wèn)句;howcome;whataboutdoing;What'sthepoint;Whynotdo…句型互換1)ItisknowntousallthatthecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.Weallknowthatwaterismadeupofoxygenandhydrogen.Itiswellknownthatwaterismadeupofoxygenandhydrogen.Asisknowntousall,waterismadeupofoxygenandhydrogen.Asweallknow,waterismadeupofoxygenandhydrogen.2)Notuntil…didhe(willhe)…Itwasnotuntil…h(huán)edid…Hedidn't…until…Peoplesaythatheis…Itissaidthatheis…Heissaidtobe…Effectivemeasuresmusthavebeentaken_____(do)awaywithpollution.Timeoughttobemadefulluse___(improve)yourlisteningcomprehension.Thelife-patternshehasbeenusedto___(appear)strangetous.強(qiáng)調(diào)句Itwas…thatItwaswhen/that/what/who…that…When/that/what/who…wasitthat…強(qiáng)調(diào)人:主格/賓格強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間/地點(diǎn):when/where還是thatItwasthemoment___Igothome___IrealizedthatI'dlostmypurse.A.that,thatB./,thatC.when,thatD./,/辨別it句型倒裝only;no-;so;had…then;now;there;here;out;inthe…祝愿句:Mayyouhaveagoodtime!LonglivetheKing.前置(不倒裝)however;as;省略;替代;否定狀語(yǔ)從句省略主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞比較結(jié)構(gòu)中省略被比較的成分不定式的省略:to和主動(dòng)詞one(ones);that(those);it;this;that部分否定:noteveryone;notall;All…not…;notAandB;并列否定:neitherAorB;notAorB否定之外的否定:neither/none/hardly…;innotime/atnotime不是否定句的否定:fail/dislike…冠詞的定義冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒(méi)有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。冠詞可以說(shuō)是名詞的一種標(biāo)志，它不能離開(kāi)名詞而獨(dú)立存在。冠詞的分類冠詞分為不定冠詞"a，an"、定冠詞"the"和零冠詞三種，零冠詞指的是不用冠詞的情況。不定冠詞表示泛指，定冠詞表示特指。不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞有"a和an"兩種形式。"a"用在以輔音開(kāi)頭的詞前，"an"用在以元音開(kāi)頭的詞前。判斷一個(gè)詞是以元音開(kāi)頭還是以輔音開(kāi)頭，是根據(jù)讀音而不是根據(jù)字母。1.用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，表示"一"Thereisatigerinthezoo.動(dòng)物園里有一只老虎。2.表示一類人和東西Atigercanbedangerous.老虎可能有危害性。3.表示"某一個(gè)"的意思Agentlemanwantstoseeyou.有一位先生要見(jiàn)你。4.表示"同一"的意思Theyarenearlyofanage.他們幾乎同歲。Thetwoshirtsaremuchofasize.這兩件襯衫大小差不多。5.表示"每一"的意思Wegoswimmingfourtimesaweek.我們每周去游泳四次。6.用在作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示身份、職業(yè)Mymotherisateacher.我媽媽是教師。7.第一次提到的人或事物，但不特別指明是哪一個(gè)Longlongagotherewasanoldkingwhohadaverybeautifuldaughter.很久很久以前，有一個(gè)年老的國(guó)王，他有一個(gè)非常美麗的女兒。8.在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，以"h"開(kāi)頭的多音節(jié)詞，如第一個(gè)音節(jié)不重讀，其前亦可用"an"Thereisahotelnearhere.這附近有一家旅館。9.在sucha，quitea句式中Heisquiteagoodactor.他是一個(gè)相當(dāng)好的演員。Don'tbeinsuchahurry.不要如此匆忙。10.在感嘆句what...的句式中Whataprettygirlsheis!她是一個(gè)多么漂亮的女孩呀～用在某些表示數(shù)量的詞組中:alotof許多acoupleof一對(duì)agreatmany很多adozen一打(但也可以用onedozen)agreatdealof大量定冠詞的用法世界獨(dú)一二次現(xiàn)，序詞形容高級(jí)前;富人傷員按天算，方位樂(lè)器影劇院;群島河山江湖海，沙漠、海峽與海灣;階級(jí)、黨派、國(guó)家名，普專復(fù)合姓氏前;組織團(tuán)體和機(jī)關(guān)，朝代、會(huì)議及報(bào)刊;雙知年代擊中臉，特指事物及習(xí)慣。1.用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物ThisisthehousewhereLuXunoncelived.這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的房子。2.用于指談話雙方都明確所指的人或事物Openthedoor,please.請(qǐng)把門(mén)打開(kāi)。3.用以復(fù)述上文提過(guò)的人或事物(第一次提到用―a或an‖，以后再次提到用―the‖)Oncetherelivedalionintheforest.Everydaythelionaskedsmallanimalstolookforfoodforhim.從前森林里住著一只獅子。每天這只獅子要小動(dòng)物們?yōu)樗麑ふ沂澄铩?.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.一月份是一年當(dāng)中的第一個(gè)月。ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.上海是中國(guó)最大的城市。5.表示世界上宇宙中獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物thesun太陽(yáng)themoon月亮theearth地球thesky天空theworld世界6.指由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞theWestLake西湖theGreatWall長(zhǎng)城theUnitedStates美國(guó)theUnitedNations聯(lián)合國(guó)定冠詞的用法-27.表示方向、方位intheeast在東方inthewest在西方inthefront在前面attheback在后面inthebottom在底部atthetop在頂部ontheright在右邊ontheleft在左邊8.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脈、海峽、海灣等地理名詞前thePacificOcean太平洋theHuangheRiver黃河theTianshanMountains天山山脈theTaiwanStraits臺(tái)灣海峽9.在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示一家人TheBakerscametoseemeyesterday.貝克一家人昨天來(lái)看我。10.和某些形容詞連用，使形容詞名詞化，代表一類人或物thepoor窮人therich富人thesick病人thewounded傷員thegood好人thebeautiful美麗的事物11.用在表示階級(jí)、政黨的名詞前theworkingclass工人階級(jí)theChineseCommunistParty中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨12.用在thevery強(qiáng)調(diào)句中ThisistheverybookIwant.這就是我想要的那本書(shū)。13.在themore,themore比較級(jí)的句式中Themoreyoudrink,themoreyoulikeit.你越喝就越愛(ài)喝。14.表示演奏樂(lè)器時(shí)，樂(lè)器的前面要加theplaythepiano彈鋼琴playtheviolin拉小提琴[中國(guó)樂(lè)器名詞前不與冠詞連用:playerhu(二胡)]15.某些固定的表達(dá)法inthemorning在早上intheafternoon在下午intheevening在晚上gotothecinema去看電影gotothetheatre去看戲alltheyearround一年到頭onthewayto前往...去的路上16.the加單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞可以表示一類人或事物Thehorseisausefulanimal.馬是一種有用的動(dòng)物。注意:像這類句子還有如下兩種寫(xiě)法Ahorseisausefulanimal.Horsesareusefulanimals.17.在句型―動(dòng)詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體某一部位‖中要用the，而不用人稱代詞。takesb.bythearm抓住某人的手臂heface打某人的臉beredintheface臉紅belameintherightleg右腿瘸等結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞前要用the零冠詞的用法下列情況不用冠，名詞之前代詞限。復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，球類學(xué)科和三餐。專有名詞不可數(shù)，星期月份。交通手段的節(jié)日，習(xí)語(yǔ)稱謂和頭銜。1.專有名詞前一般不加冠詞China中國(guó)Europe歐洲LeiFeng雷鋒WilliamShakespeare威廉?莎士比亞2.月份、周日、節(jié)日前一般不加冠詞January一月份Sunday星期日ChristmasDay圣誕節(jié)Thanksgiving感恩節(jié)NationalDay國(guó)慶節(jié)MayDay勞動(dòng)節(jié)比較:...onaSundaymorning.在一個(gè)星期天的早晨...(表示某一個(gè)。)注:民族節(jié)日前要加the如:theSpringFestival3.三餐、四季前一般不加冠詞Ihavelunchatschool.我在學(xué)校吃午餐。Summeristhebestseasonforswimming.夏天是游泳的好季節(jié)。比較:Ihadabiglunchyesterday.昨天我吃了一頓豐盛的午餐。(表示某一個(gè))ThedinnergivenbyMr.Smithwasverynice.史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。(表示特指)比較:IwillneverforgetthesummerwespentinHawaii.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起在夏威夷度過(guò)的那個(gè)夏天。(表示特指)4.進(jìn)行球類運(yùn)動(dòng)playbasketball打籃球playvolleyball打排球playfootball踢足球5.沒(méi)有特指的物質(zhì)名詞Thiscartismadeofwood.這輛手推車(chē)是用木頭作的。比較:Thewoodoutsidewasallwet.外面的那些木頭都濕了。(表示特指)6.沒(méi)有特指的不可數(shù)抽象名詞Timeisprecious.時(shí)間是寶貴的。比較:Thetimeoftheplaywas1990s.這個(gè)劇本的時(shí)代背景是二十世紀(jì)九十年代。(表示特指)7.沒(méi)有特指的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式后。Iliketomatoes.我喜歡西紅柿。8.山峰MountQomolangma珠穆朗瑪峰9.固定詞組gotoschool去上學(xué)gotobed上床睡覺(jué)gobytrain乘火車(chē)去gobyboat乘船去attable在用餐inhospital住院atschool求學(xué)inschool求學(xué)atnoon在中午atnight在晚上atmidnight在半夜intown在城里10.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞不加冠詞Aboycamein,bookinhand.一個(gè)男孩進(jìn)來(lái)，手上拿著書(shū)。11.泛指人類Manismortal.人必有一死。12.在"kindof，名詞sortof，名詞"句式中Whatkindofflowerisit?這是什么花,Ilikethissortofbook.我喜歡這種書(shū)。13.指職位、頭銜的詞，如king，captain，president，chairman等。Heis(the)captainoftheteam.他是球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。As(the)chairmanofthecommittee,Ideclarethemeetingopen.作為委員會(huì)主席，我宣布會(huì)議開(kāi)始。冠詞和三餐的搭配三餐名詞單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，之前通常不加冠詞三餐名詞之前若加形容詞時(shí)則除外:Wehavebreakfastateight(我們8點(diǎn)鐘吃早飯。Hegaveusagoodbreakfast(他請(qǐng)我們吃了一頓豐盛的早餐。Iwasinvitedtodinner(他們邀請(qǐng)我吃飯。Iwasinvitedtoadinnergiventowelcomethenewambassador(我被邀請(qǐng)參加歡迎新任大使的宴會(huì)。TheScotshaveporridgeforbreakfast(蘇格蘭人早餐吃粥。Theweddingbreakfastwasheldinherfather‘shouse(婚禮早宴是在她父親家舉行的。介詞短語(yǔ)與冠詞一.attable在進(jìn)餐atthetable在桌子旁邊atdesk在讀書(shū)atthedesk在課桌旁atschool在上學(xué)attheschool在學(xué)校里inclass在上課intheclass在班級(jí)里面inbed臥床inthebed在床上inprison