句型(簡單句+復(fù)雜句)

TOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"句法 2\o"CurrentDocument"簡單句 simplesentence 2\o"CurrentDocument"英語六種基本句型： 2\o"CurrentDocument"1： S+V 2\o"CurrentDocument"2： S+V+P 2\o"CurrentDocument"3： S+V+DO 2\o"CurrentDocument"4： S+V+IO+DO 2\o"CurrentDocument"5： S+V+DO+OC 2\o"CurrentDocument"6: Therebe 2\o"CurrentDocument"復(fù)雜句 complexsentence 3\o"CurrentDocument"并列復(fù)雜句 3\o"CurrentDocument"從屬復(fù)雜句 3\o"CurrentDocument"名詞性從句 4主語從句 4\o"CurrentDocument"賓語從句 4\o"CurrentDocument"表語從句 5\o"CurrentDocument"同位語從句 5\o"CurrentDocument"形容詞性從句 6\o"CurrentDocument"定語從句 6\o"CurrentDocument"限定性定語從句 6\o"CurrentDocument"非限定性定語從句 6副詞性從句 8\o"CurrentDocument"狀語從句 8\o"CurrentDocument"時(shí)間狀語從句 (時(shí)間狀語) 8\o"CurrentDocument"條件狀語從句(用 if/unless引導(dǎo)的狀語從句) 8\o"CurrentDocument"地點(diǎn)狀語從句 (where) 9\o"CurrentDocument"原因狀語從句 (because,since,as) 9\o"CurrentDocument"讓步狀語從句( though,although,eventhough,nomatterwhat) 9\o"CurrentDocument"比較狀語從句( than,as...as) 9\o"CurrentDocument"目的狀語從句( that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase ) 9句法句型分類簡單句simplesentence-只有一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語（ Ileft.）英語六種基本句型：1：S+V（主語subject+謂語predicate）2：S+V+P（主語 subject+系動(dòng)詞linkverb+表語predicative）3：S+V+DO（主語 subject+謂語predicate+賓語object）4：S+V+IO+DO（主語 subject+謂語 predicate+間接賓語 indirecto+直接賓語 directo）5：S+V+DO+OC（主語 subject+謂語 predicate+賓語 +賓補(bǔ)objectcomplement）6:TherebeTherebe“有” ，There是引導(dǎo)詞， 無意義，Therebe后面的名詞是句子的主語， 屬于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某處有某人 /某物。There+be+主語Thereisacupofwateronthetable.與have的區(qū)別Therebe表示客觀存在， have表示單純的擁有。Therearethreecarsintheparkinglot.Hehasthreecarsinhisownparkinglot.Therebe的就近一致原則Thereisagayandthreegirlsintheclassroom.Therearethreegirlsandaboyintheclassroom.Therearesomewherebetween45,000to100,000ofthemlivinginthecountrieslikeZambiaandZimbabwe.ForthecenturybeforeJohnson?sDictionarywaspublishedin1775,therehadbeenconcernaboutthestateoftheEnglishlanguage.2：S+V+P（主語subject+系動(dòng)詞linkverb+表語predicative）Youarecute.3：S+V+DO（主語 +謂語+賓語object）Iloveyou.復(fù)雜句complexsentence-不止一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語并列復(fù)雜句有并列連詞： and/or/but從屬復(fù)雜句由一個(gè)主句 (principalclause)和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句( subordinateclause)構(gòu)成。什么是從句( subordinateclause)？從句是復(fù)雜句不能獨(dú)立成句， 由that/who/whom/when/why/where/how/which等引導(dǎo)詞(connective)引導(dǎo)的非主句部分。從句的類型名詞性從句： ?主語從句 ?賓語從句 ?表語從句 ?同位語從句形容詞性從句：定語從句副詞性從句：狀語從句從句三要素 ：必須有連接詞 必須是陳述句 不能單獨(dú)使用

名詞性從句主語從句-在復(fù)雜句中充當(dāng)主語成分的句子叫主語從句不受主句時(shí)態(tài)影響系動(dòng)詞是單數(shù) is謂語動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)陳述語序Eg.ThatIhavehadsomanyfriendsisamazing.陳述句用 thatThathemarriedagirlinsuchashorttimesurprisesusall.特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞Whenhewillcomeoutoftheclosethasn?tbeendecided.Whyheisn?thereisnotcleartoeveryone.主語從句 &形式主語ThatIhavehadsomanyfriendsisamazing.ItisamazingthatIhavesomanyfriends.Ithadbeenestimatedthatupto50%ofpeopleinthedevelopedworldareoverweightand20%oftheseareobese.賓語從句-在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語成分的句子叫做賓語從句Heknowswherethebaris.Idon?tknowwhenhewillcome.AsPeterDerksays:,IfwecanfigureoutAsPeterDerksays:,Ifwecanfigureouthowthemindprocesseshumour,thewe?llhaveaprettygoodhandleonowitworksingeneral?.名詞：Milgram謂語動(dòng)詞：ATELLBTODOSTHMilgramtoldeachvolunteerhaveaprettygoodhandleonowitworksingeneral?.名詞：Milgram謂語動(dòng)詞：ATELLBTODOSTHMilgramtoldeachvolunteertold賓語：teache-rsubject’thattheexperimentwasinthenoblecauseofeducation,andexperimentwasdesignedtotestwhetherornotpunishingpupilsfortheirmistakeswouldhaveapositiveeffectonthepupilsabilitytolearn.Thegrowinginternationalimportanceofathleticsmeansthatgiftedathletescanberecognisedatyoungerage.Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealth-careresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.形式賓語 it賓語從句 &形式賓語如果賓語從句后有賓語補(bǔ)足語，要用形式賓語 it,而將從句放到補(bǔ)足語后面。Itisluckytodatewithyou.Iknowitluckytodatewithyou.S+V+it+adj./n./done+thatclauseIthoughtitstrangethathemarriedher.1.S+V+it+adj./of(for)sb.+todosth.Ifounditimpossibleformetofindagirlfriend.2.S+V+it+adj./n./done+thatclauseIconsidereditamazingthathelefthisgirlfriend.3.S+V+it+nouse/good/worth+doingsthThink/find/consider/makeIdon?tthinkitworthwhiletakingsomuchtroubletodothis.4.S+V+it+when/ifLove,like,enjoy,hate,appreciate表語從句-表語從句是一個(gè)句子作為表語成分，說明主語。Eg.Theproblemiswhenhecanfinishit.OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Theconventionalpictureisthattensofthousandsofslavesdraggedstonesonsledges.同位語從句同位語-在句子中前后兩詞（組，句）所指意思相同，句法功能相同，這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫同位結(jié)構(gòu)，前面是同位詞，后面是同位語。MyboyfriendHooverworksinhere.Webotharelecturer.Helikeshisjob,writingessays.Accordingtohisbiographer,JamesBoswell同位語從句-在復(fù)雜句充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句是同位語從句。Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheisamurder.常見同位名詞中心詞Fact/news/idea/hope/report/opinion/order/question/problem/truth/theory/decision/discovery/conclusion/promise/rumour/possibility/answer/belief,etc.同位語從句種類：限制性同位語從句：緊跟同位名詞非限制性 同位語從句：有逗號(hào)或者破折號(hào)與中心詞分開Thenewsthatheintendedtocomegaveusmuchpleasure.Thehardtruth,thathecameoutofthecloset,wasagreatshocktoherparents.形容詞性從句定語定語修飾名詞：定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。可以作定語成分的有： 形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、 動(dòng)詞不定式、 （短語）、分詞、從句出現(xiàn)位置：緊跟名詞前后Ilovebeautifulyou.定語從句-在復(fù)雜句中作定語， 修飾限定一個(gè)主語 /賓語、 表語的名詞或代詞的句子叫做定語從句，被修飾叫做 先行詞，由關(guān)系代詞引出。Idon?tliketheboywhoisstraight.ThemanthatIspoketoisHoover.種類限定性定語從句用來限定先行詞的范圍Ilikeamanwhoisrich.非限定性定語從句對于先行詞的一個(gè)進(jìn)一步解釋Ilikeaman,whoisrich.

Tips:(1.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的定語從句可以省略關(guān)系代詞和 be動(dòng)詞，僅僅用現(xiàn)在分詞。Therearethenations(whichare)feedingbillionsofpeople.(2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句，可以省略關(guān)系代詞和 be動(dòng)詞，僅僅用過去分詞。Thecamera(whichwas)orderedlastweekhadnotarrivedyet.區(qū)分同位語從句和定語從句1.同位語：具體內(nèi)容描述，定語：限定修飾-Thenewsthatheisgayistrue.-Thenewsthatthegirltoldmeistrue.2.What/how/whether/is是同位語從句Who翻譯為誰， which翻譯成哪一個(gè) ,是同位語從句，否則是定語從句。Eg.Ihaveaquestionwhetheryouareagay?Eg.I?msureheisthegaywhoyouwillbegladtogetacquainted.3.that是否在句子做成分，充當(dāng)是定從，不充當(dāng)是同位從。從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整是同位從，不完整是定從。Acompanythatstatestheirproductisthe,safest?or,cheapest?needstoshowproof,becausetheseclaimscandirectlyaffecttheircompetitors.Statementslikethese,thatnoonecanprove,arecalledpuffery.Somechildrenexpressedtheideathattheconservationofrainforestsisnotimportant.Themostfrequentresponsestothefirstquestionweredescriptionswhichareself-evidentfromtheterm,rainforest?.IntheNativeAmericanNavajonation,whichsprawlsacrossfourstatesintheAmericansouth-west,thenativelanguageisdying.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfearsTheyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout;thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthatplanetmorepolluted.?sairandwaterarebecomingeverout;thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthatplanetmorepolluted.?sairandwaterarebecomingeverPlatoexpressothers.theideathathomourisPlatoexpressothers.theideathathomourissimplyadelightedfeelingofsuperiorityoverbuildingupapsychictensionwhichisKantandFreudfeltthatjoke-tellingreliesonsafelypuncturedbytheludicrousnessofpunchline.buildingupapsychictensionwhichisThefactthatjokestapintoourgeneralevaluativemachineryexplainswhythelinebetweenfunnyanddisgusting,orfunnyandfrightening,canbesofine.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderpeoplearenowmajorandrelativelyveryexpensiveconsumersofhealth-careresources.副詞性從句狀語狀語修飾動(dòng)詞：狀 語用來說明動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式、和伴隨狀況。可以作狀語成分的有： 副詞、介詞短語、分詞（過去 /現(xiàn)在分詞等）和分詞短語、不定式、從句Igetupat7.Herunsfast.Iamtakingcoursesatschool.Hecomesherebytrain.狀語從句-在復(fù)合句做狀語，起副詞作用的句子叫狀語從句，它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。IwillcallyouwhenIarrivehome.Theshowissoamazingthateveryoneapplauds.種類時(shí)間狀語從句 （時(shí)間狀語）IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcametoBeijing.Eg.Thelatterprocedureisunavoidablewhenworkingonforeignlanguages,orchildspeech.條件狀語從句（用 if/unless引導(dǎo)的狀語從句）Youwillnotbeabletopassthetestunlessyoustarttostudyhard.Eg.Ifyoustickoutyourtongueandlookinthemirror,youwillseethatitiscoveredwithtinybumps.Thatwouldmatterlessifpeopleappliedthesamedegreeofskepticismtoenvironmentallobbyingastheydotolobbygroupsinotherfields.地點(diǎn)狀語從句 (where)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Eg.Daylengthisausefulcueforbreedinginareaswheretemperaturesareunpredictable.原因狀語從句 (because,since,as)IamworkingreallyhardbecauseIlovethisjob.讓步狀語從句( though,although,event