英新視野視聽說第二版第三冊聽力文本和答案

英新視野視聽說第二版第三冊聽力文本和答案英新視野視聽說第二版第三冊聽力文本和答案英新視野視聽說第二版第三冊聽力文本和答案英新視野視聽說第二版第三冊聽力文本和答案編制僅供參考審核批準生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:Unit1Enjoythecolorfulcampuslife!P3II.BasicListeningPracticeScriptW:HaveyouchosenyourelectivesfornextsemesteryetAreyoutakingFrenchwritingagainM:YesIam,butit’scompulsoryforusnextsemester.SoIthinkI’mgongtodomarketingasanelectiveinstead.Q:WhichclasswillthemanchooseashiselectiveScriptM:DidyougotothatbusinessstrategylectureonFridayImisseditandneedtocopyyournotes.W:I’dsayyoucouldborrowmynotes,butSarah’sgotthem.BecarefulnottomissProfessorBrown’sseminar;hetakesattendanceinthat.Q:Whatisthewomantellingtheman3.ScriptW:Wow,Steven!Inthelibrary!WhatbringsyouhereM:I’menjoyingtheview.AllthegirlsinfashiondesignareherepreparingforanexamonMonday.Q:Whyisthemaninthelibrary4.ScriptW:How’syourgroupdoingwiththisstatisticspresentationMine’sterrible.M:Yeah,minetoo.DavidandMikeareOK,butStevendoesn’tpullhisweightandSuzie’sneveraround.Idon’tseehowwecanpassunlessStevenandSuzierealizethatthisistheirlastchance.Q:WhatisthetrueofStevenandSuzie5.ScriptW:YoutookanMBAatHarvardM:It’sexpensive,about.$40,000ayear,plusthecostsoffoodandhousing.Buttheteachingisfirstclass.Theprofessorshavealotofpracticalexperience.Theyusethecasesystemofteaching;thatis,youstudyhowactualbusinessesgreworfailed.Q:WhyisheMBAteachinginHarvardBusinessKeys:III.ListeningInP4Task1:OntheFirstDayScriptHarrison:I’mHarrison.Goodtomeetyou.Soyou’veboughtthebooksforthisbiologyclass.Jenny:Sure,Ithinkeveryonehadtobeforeclassstarted.Harrison:No.Usuallynoonedoesmuchonthefirstdaybecauseit’sstilladd-drop.Jenny:What’sthatHarrison:Changingfromclasstoclasstofindoutwhichoneisbest.Hey,whereareyoufromJenny:Poland.HaveyouhadthisteacherbeforeI’veheardheisreallygood.Harrison:He’sgoodifyou’reahard-worker.Heexpectsalot.Jenny:Oh,Iguessthat’sgood.IhopeIcankeepupwitheveryoneelseintheclass.MaybeIneedyourhelpafterclass.Harrison:You’rewelcome.…Professor:Allright.Seeyouguysnextweek.Student:Seeyou.Jenny:Harrison,waitup!Harrison:Sowhatdoyouthinkabouttheprofessor’slectureJenny:Ithinkhalfofwhathesaidwentovermyhead.Harrison:That’sallright.Alotofwhathesaidisexplainedinthereading.Jenny:Hey,wouldyoumindifIborrowedyournotestonighttolookthemoverHarrison:Noproblem.Wedon’thaveclassuntilWednesday.Hereyougo.Jenny:Thanks.IjustwanttomakesureI’mpreparedfortheseminar.Harrison:SeeingthatJennyhasboughtthebooksforthebiologyclass,Harrisonsaysnobodydoesmuchonthefirstdaybecauseit’sstilladd-drop,whichmeansstudentsarechangingfromclasstoclass.Jennyknowstheprofessorisreallygood.ButHarrisonwarnsherthattheprofessorisgood,onlyifstudentsarehard-workers,forheexpectsalot.Afterclass,Jennyadmitsthathalfofwhattheprofessorsaidwentoverherhead,andHarrisonassuresherthatalotofwhattheprofessorsaidisexplainedinthereading.WhenJennyaskstoborrowHarrisonnotes,hesays“onproblem”,fortheydon’thaveclassuntilWednesday.Finally,Harrisonsaysparticipationinthediscussionattheseminarisanimportantpartoftheeducationthere.P5Task2HowtoselectelectivecoursesTobeginwith,youshouldselectthecoursesthatfityourprofession.Itisagoodideatochooseelectivecoursescloselyrelatedtoyourchosenprofession.Potentialemployerswillappreciateeverybitofextratrainingandknowledgethattheydon'thavetogiveyou.Forexample,youmayselectelectivecoursesinchemistry,biologyorevenphysicsifyouaredoingasciencemajor.Forbusinessmajors,selectelectivesinaccounting,businessadministration,andevencomputing,asyou'llneverknowwhenthesewillcomeinhandyinthecorporateworld.Moreover,youcanchooseaneducationthatincludesmanyfieldsofstudy.Ifyouaretakingaheavyloadofcareer-relatedcourses,youmaypreferelectivesthatarenotdirectlyrelatedtoyourmajor.Ifyoureceiveawell-roundededucation,someemployersbelievethatyouhavebetterpotential.Forexample,ifyouhavecoursesinsciencealongwithyourbusinessdegree,youcouldpossiblywinajoboversomeonewhomajoredpurelyinbusinesswithnooutsideelectives.Finally,youcanalsoselectachallengingelectivecourse.Partofgettinganeducationislearninghowtolearn,andelectivecoursesshouldhelpyouachievethisgoal.Youneednottomemorizealltheinformationfromeachclass,butyoushouldgetabetterunderstandingoftheworld.So,pickelectivecoursesthatchallengeyourbeliefsystemandmakeyoulookattheworldinadifferentway.Forinstance,youcanconsideraphilosophyelectiveifyouhavebeentoldthatyouarealittlenarrow-minded.P6Task3:HowtoGetStraightA’sScriptItisinterestingtonotehowstraightAstudentsachieveacademicexcellence.Here,accordingtoeducationexpertsandstudentsthemselves,arethesecretsofsuper-achievers.First,theyknowhowtosetpriorities.Topstudentsallownointrusionsonstudytime.Oncethebooksareopenorthecomputeristurnedon,phonecallsgounanswered,TVshowsunwatched,snacksignored.Studyisbusiness,andbusinesscomesbeforerecreation.Also,goodstudentscanstudyanywhereandeverywhere.ClaudiaHill,anArizonaStateMoreover,topstudentsscheduletheirtimewell.Studytimesarestrictlyamatterofpersonalpreference.Someworklateatnightwhenthehouseisquiet.Othersawakeearly.Stillothersstudyassoonastheycomehomefromschoolwhentheworkisfreshintheirminds.Allagreed,however,ontheneedforconsistency.Astudentsays,“WhateverIwasdoing,Imaintainedacertainperiodoftimeeverydayforstudying.”Anotherimportantcharacteristicofsuper-achieversisthattheyknowhowtoread,AccordingtoabookentitledGettingStraightA’s,thesecretofgoodreadingistobe“anactivereaderonewhocontinuallyasksquestionsthatleadtoafullunderstandingoftheauthor’smessage”.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutsuper—achieversstartingtostudyWhatdidthecross-countryrunnerdotoscorehighontheexamWhatisthegoodthingalltopstudentsagreeonWhatdoesthespeakermeanby“anactivereader”WhatisthemainideaofthepassageKeys:1B3.DIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1You’rejustgoingtohavestudyhardNora:Onlyourfirstdaybackatschool,andalreadyIfeellikeI’velearnedalot.Chris:Onlyourfirstdaybackatschool,andIalreadyfeellikeI’muptomyearsinhomework.Nora:You’regoingtohavetohitthebooksifyouwanttokeepyourgradesup.Chris:Tellmeaboutit!Ialreadyhavetworeports,twobooksreports,acomposition,anoralreport,andaresearchproject—allduebeforemidterms.Nora:Wecouldworktogether.Maybesomeofmyorganizedstudyhabitwouldruboffonyou.Chris:Betteryet,maybeyoucoulddomyhomeworkforme.Nora:Forgetit!Thatwouldbecheating.Chris:Allright,allright.Ihaveyettowriteatermpaper.CanyourecommendanyarticlesandbooksYou’dbetterfindmetheexactpageswhereIcanfindwhatIwant.Nora:Youcouldborrowideasfromreferences,butifyouquotewithoutgivingthesources,you’replagiarizing.Chris:Thequiznextweekwillbeaheadache.Ifyoudon’thelpme,I’llhavetopreparesomestudysheetsandhidetheminmyhandwhenItakethetest.Nora:Oh,no!Ifyou’recaught,theprofessorwilldefinitelygiveyouanF.Probably,youwillhavetorepeattheyear.Chris:Allright,I’lltakeyouradvice.Thelibraryisgoingtobemynewhome,andinthedormI’llbeburningthemidnightoil.MODEL2WhichclassdoyoupreferScriptChris:FirstperiodismathwithMr.Woods.Idon’tknowhowamIgoingtostayawakeNora:IlikeMr.Wood.He’sinteresting.Chris:He’sboring!Hecouldputtheentirebasketballteamtosleep—duringthechampionshipgame!WhodoyouhaveforeconomicsNora:Mrs.Jenkins.She’ssmart.Studentsreallylearnalotfromher.Chris:She’stough!Youhavetoworkhardinherclass,oryou’llprobablyfail.Nora:Nopain,nogain.Chris:Nonsense,YoucouldhavelearnedevenmorewithMr.Sharp.Butnotmanystudentsoptforhisclass.Nora:What’swrongwithhimChris:Often,thehighestgradehegivesonatermpaperisC+,andheusuallyfailshalfofthestudents.Nora:Nowonderhe’sgotthenicknameMr.Shark.Well,howaboutPEWhatareyoudoingthissemesterChris:That’stheworstpart.InPE,we’relearningt’aichi.I’mboredtodeath.Nora:Ha-ha!Nottorubsaltintothewound,butourclassisplayingyourfavoritesport:basketball.Chris:Oh…thatfigures!Thisisgoingtobeaterriblesemester.Nora:Thisisgoingtobeagreatsemester!MODEL3PublishorperishScriptChris:Tellus,ProfessorGrant,WhatareyourprimarydutiesasaprofessorProfessorGrant:Well,Idoalotofresearchandwriting.It’sroughbeinganassociateprofessor.It’spublishorperish.Chris:SoyouspentalotoftimeinyourofficeProfessorGrant:Yes,butIalsohavetoprepareclassnotes,givelectures,holdofficehours.Teachingisanimportantpartofbeingaprofessor.Chris:Withallthoseresponsibilities,youmustmakealotofmoney.ProfessorGrant:Iwish.Actually,Ispendalotoftomeapplyingforgrantstofundmyresearch.ThenIcanofferassistantshipsandscholarshipstotheworthygraduatestudentswhocanhelpmewithmyresearchproject.Chris:Iseewhytheycallyou“theboss”.Butbeingaprofessorsoundsprettycompetitive.ProfessorGrant:Actually,Ithinkyouwereinoneofmyclasses…Chris:Um….Ithinkyou’remistaken,ProfessorGrant!ProfessorGrant:No,Irememberveryclearlynow!Youowemeanessay!Chris:Sorry,IhavetoomuchworktodofortheStudentUnionNewsletter,andIhavetoworktwojobstopayforschool.ProfessorGrant:SoyougetanFinthiscourse.P14V.Let’sTalkMaintainingthequalityorincreasingtheintakeInterviewee:It'sareallydifficultbalancetostrike,actuallymaintainingthequalitybutmakingsureasmanyyoungpeopleaspossibleandolderpeopleaswell—there'sbeenasurgeinthenumberofover25sapplying,andwetakemanypeoplewhoareover25.Butwe'vegottogetthatbalanceright.It'sgoingtobeterriblydifficultforusnextyear.Hostess:Giventhecutsthatthegovernmentannouncedacoupleofweeksago,andthenumbersthatweknowintermsofapplications,whereareyougoingtodrawthatlineAreyougoingtohavetolookatcuttingintakeinordertomaintainthequalityofthecoursesInterviewee:We'retryingnottocutintakeatthemoment.Butwhatitmeansiswe'regoingtohavetobeextra-cautiousinthenumberofofferswemake,becausewesimplycannotaffordtogooverourquotaofthenumberofplacesthatwecanoffer.Becauseifwedo,itmeansthatwecouldbefined,orwejustsimplyhaven'tgotenoughmoneytomakesurethestudents'experienceisright.Soitmeansthatmaybelastyearwewouldallowafewmorepeopletohaveanoffer.Thisyearisgoingtobetougher.Hostess:DoyoulaysomeoftheblameforthesituationatthedoorofthegovernmentInterviewee:IfyoulooktoFrance,Sarkozyisactuallyincreasingthebudgetforhighereducation.Obamainthe.hasdonethesamething.Sowe'rejustslightlypuzzledastowhythegovernmentseemstobecuttingbackonhighereducationratherthanpumpingmoremoneyintowhatwethinkisaservicethatisabsolutelyvitalfortheeconomy.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTask1ProblemswithoureducationalsystemHi,everybody.Mytopictodayis“ProblemswithOurEducationalSystem”.TherearealotofthingsinoureducationalsystemthatIdon’tagreewith.Itseemsthateducatorsjustwanttogivestandardizedtests,whichfocusonlyonacademicperformancebutneglectstudents’abilitiesandinterestsinotherareas.Ithinkthere’realotofpeoplewhoareveryintelligent,buthaven’thadtheopportunitiestheycould’vehad,hadtheybeeneducatedinabroader-mindededucationalsystem.Ifeelthatalotofcoursesthatstudentsareforcedtotakeinhighschoolaretooacademic,and,asaresult,manykidslosttheirinterestinlearning.Educatorshavefailedtorecognizevariouskindsofintelligence.Theyoftenexertalotofpressureonstudentstobeaswell-roundedaspossible.Ithinkbeingwell-roundedisn’treallypossible.Andasaconsequence,somestudentswhoarebelievedtobeintelligentcan’tgetintogoodcollegesifthey,forexample,haven’tscoredwellonthemathsection,eveniftheyatebrilliantwriters.Anotherthingthatdisturbsmeisthattheso-called“weakstudents”areseparatedfromtherestoftheschool.Somekidsarekeptinaseparateclassiftheirgradesarelowerthenothers.Andthey’veveryawareoftheirsocialposition,youknow.Ithinkitcausesthemtoactinawaythatisnotreallypositive.They’rejustactinginawaythattheyareexpectedtoact.Oftentheirgradesgofrombadtoworse.Andthat’sprettysadtome.Ithinkthatmanyofthekidsinthoseclassesareintelligent,butneveractuallyrealizetheirpotentialbecauseofthewaytheyaretreatedveryearlyonintheireducation.ProblemsResultsEducatorsjustwanttogivestandardizedtests.Theyonlyfocusonacademicperformancebutneglectstudents’abilitiesandinterestsinotherareas.Kidsloseinterestinlearning.Educatorsoftenexertalotofpressureonstudentstobeaswell-roundedaspossible.Someintelligentkidscan’tentergoodcolleges.“Weak”studentsareseparatedfromtherestoftheschool.Theirgradesgofrombadtoworse.P16Task2:TheFinalExamScriptAtauniversity,therewerefoursophomorestakingachemistrycourse.Theyweredoingsowellonallthequizzes,midterms,labs,thateachhad“A”sofarforthesemester.Thesefourfriendsweresoconfidentthatontheweekendbeforefinals,theydecidedtogouptotheUniversityofVirginiaandpartywithsomefriendsthere.Theyhadagreattime,anddidn’tmakeitbacktoschooluntilearlyMondaymorning.Ratherthantakingthefinalthen,theydecidedtofindtheirprofessorafterthefinalexamandexplaintohimwhytheymissedit.Theyexplainedthattheyhadplannedtocomebackintimeforthefinalexam,but,unfortunately,theyhadaflattireonthewaybackanddidn’thaveaspare.Asaresult,theymissedthefinal.Theprofessorthoughtitoverandthenagreedtheycouldmakeupthefinalthefollowingday.Theguyswererelievedandelated.Thenextday,theprofessorplacedtheminseparaterooms,handedeachofthematestbooklet,andtoldthemtobegin.Theytookatthefirstproblem,worthfivepoints.Itwasasimplequestiononachemicalreaction.“Cool,”theythoughtatthesametime,eachoneinhisseparateroom,“Thisisgoingtobeeasy.”Eachfinishedtheproblemandthenturnedthepage.Onthesecondpagewasaquestionworth95points:“Whichofthetireswasflat”P17Task3:HarvardScriptHarvardUniversityistheoldestinstituteofhighestlearningintheUnitedStates.Founded16yearsafterthearrivalofthePilgrimsatPlymouth,theuniversityhasgrownfrom9studentswithasinglemastertothepresentenrollmentofmorethan18,000students,includingundergraduatesandstudentsin10graduateandprofessionalschools.Over14,000peopleworkatHarvard,includingmorethan2,000faculties.HarvardhasproducedsixpresidentsoftheUnitedStatesand34NobelPrizewinners.Duringitsearlyyears,HarvardofferedaclassicacademiccoursebasedonthemodelofEnglishuniversities,butconsistentwiththeprevailingPuritanphilosophy.AlthoughmanyofitsearlygraduatesbecameministersinPuritanchurchesthroughoutNewEngland,theuniversitywasneverformallyaffiliatedwithaspecificreligiousgroup.UnderPresidentPusey(1953-1971),Harvardstartedwhatwasthenthelargestfund-raisingcampaigninthehistoryofAmericanhighereducation.Itwasanmilliondollarprogramfortheuniversity.Theprogramincreasedfacultysalaries,broadenedstudentaid,creatednewprofessorships,andexpandedHarvard’sphysicalfacilities.NeilL.RudenstinetookofficeasHarvard’s26thpresidentin1991.Aspartofanoverallefforttoachievegreatercoordinationamongtheuniversity’sschoolsandfaculties,RudenstineencouragedacademicplanningandidentifiedsomeofHarvard’smainintellectualpriorities.Healsostressedtheimportanceoftheuniversity’sexcellenceinundergraduateeducation,thesignificanceofkeepingHarvard’sdoorsopentostudentsfromfamiliesofdifferenteconomicbackgrounds,thetaskofadaptingtheresearchuniversitytoaneraofbothrapidinformationgrowthandseriousfundshortage.WhatismainideaofthepassageHowmanyteachersdidHarvardhaveattheverybeginningWhatwastheroleofreligionatHarvardWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanachievementofPresidentPusey’sfund-raisingprogramWhatdidPresidentRudenstinedoKeys:P18Viewing

and

speaking

Task

1

University

budget

cutsHost:Well,

David

Lammy,

the

University

Minister,

joins

me

from

thanks

for

joining

us

this

lunchtime,

Mr.

Lammy.

How

do

these

cuts...

tie

in

with

your

much

trumpeted

commitment

to

increasing

higher

education

Interviewee:Well,

I

think

it's

important

to

remind

viewers

that

we

will

spend

well

over

12

billion

pounds

on

higher

education

this

year

and

to

also

say

that

there

will

be

more

students

at

university

next

year

than

ever

before

in

our

history.

But

what

is

important

is

that

when

they

get

to

university,

is

that

they

have

good

facilities,

good

buildings,

that

they

have

good

contact

with

their

lecturers

and,

for

students

from

poorer

backgrounds

that

they

receive

a

grant.

And

you

know

40

percent

of

students

who

are

going

to

university

are

in

receipt

of

some

grants.

So

we

have

to

plan...

Host:But

there's

going

to

be

less

money

next

year.

That's

the

bottom

line,

isn't

it

Interviewee:Er,

we

are

asking

universities

to

make

a

one

percent

cut

in

their

teachinggrant.

That's

51

million

out

of

a

total

budget

of

over

five

billion.

Look,

I

think

there

are

families

across

the

country

preparing

for

Christmas

spending

a

bit

less

and

they're,

you

know,

it's

a

lot

more

than

one

percent

that

they're,

they're

feeling.

So

I

think

this

is

reasonable

to

ask

universities

if

we

are

to

ensure

that

we

can

continue

to

send

more

young

people

to

university

and

we

remain

committed

to

that.

Host:And

briefly,

what

about

these

two-year

degrees

This

is

a

reduction

in

standards,

isn't

it

Interviewee:Well,

we,

we,

we...

It's

important

in

this

country

that

we

remember

thatstudents

aren't

just

the

classic

18-

to

21-year-old

undergraduates.

We

want

mature

students.

We

want

more

parttime

students

and

over

the

last

few

years

we've

been

growing

the

number

of

foundation

degree,

two-year

degrees

that

ensure

that

transition

into

high

university

and

high

level

skills.

That's

what

we

want

to

support

and

that's

what

we're

indicating

in

the

grant

letter

that

we've

sent

to

universities

over

the

last

few

days.

Host:

OK.

David

Lammy,

thank

you

so

much

for

joining

us.

Interviewee:

Thank

you

Keys:(1)increasing

(2)12/twelve

(3)more

(4)facilities

(5)lecturers

(6)poorer

(7)grant

(8)one

(9)budget

(10)less

(11)young

(12)classic

(13)part-time

(14)growing

(15)two-year

Unit2Ourglobeisindanger!II.BasicListeningPractice1.ScriptM:Nowwehavesatelliteandhigh-poweredmicroscopes,it’seasytothinkweknoweverythingabouttheworld;butwestilldon’tunderstandEINino.W:Right.EventhescientistsareuncertainabouttheexactcauseofthewarmPacificcurrentthatbringsstormsordrought—themysteriousEINino.Q:WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheconversationB)EvenscientistscannotunderstandEINino.2.ScriptM:Everyoneistalkingaboutenvironmentalproblem:acidrain,greenhouseeffect,holesintheozonelayer.Weshouldthinkpositively.WhatcanwedotoimprovethingsW:Iagree.Wecoulddoalotmoretoharnessthesun’senergyforheatingandlightinginourhomes.MillionsofsolarroofsarenowemerginginJapan,the.,Italy,andGermany.Q:HowdothemanandthewomanviewtheenvironmentD)Boththemanandwomanthinkpositivelyaboutit.3.ScriptW:WelivedinBeijingsomeyearsago.Itwasalwaysdifficulttokeepthehousecleanwiththewindfromthenorthblowingsandfromthedesert.M:That’swhytheChinesegovernmenthasbeenencouragingpeopletoplanttreesalongtheedgesoftheGobiDesert.Nowthosetreesactaswindbarriers.Q:WhathavetheChinesepeoplebeenencouragedtodoA)Togrowtrees.4.ScriptM:ManyoldrefrigeratorsandcarsareenvironmentalhazardsbecausetheycontainCFCsthatdestroytheozonelayer.W:Yes,butgovernmentorganizationsarehelpingpeopletosafelydisposeofoldrefrigeratorsor,inthecaseofcars,toupgradetheirairconditioning.Q:WhataregovernmentorganizationshelpingpeopletodoA)Totreatoldelectricalappliancessafely.5.ScriptM:Hey.That’sanaerosolsprayyou’reusingonyourhair!Buildabomborsetfiretotheapartmenttokillusquicklyinsteadofmakingholesintheozone,sowedieofcancer.W:Coolit.Thisspraydoesn’tcontainCFCs.Andyou’dbetterreadalittlemore.Q:WhatdoesthemanmeanC)Thewomanshouldnotuseanaerosolspray.III.ListeningInTask1:Weshouldhaveproperrespectfornature!Martha:DoyouthinkmostpeopleinyourculturerespectnatureEd:Ithinkso.Um…morenowthanbefore.Martha:WhatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentproblemintheworldtodayEd:Today…Ithinkdamagetotheozonelayerisabigproblem,andanotherproblemispollutioninbigcitiesandthingslikethat.Martha:HowdoyoulearnaboutenvironmentalproblemsEd:Um…throughschool.Alotofclubspromoteenvironmentalsafely,andsomeTVprograms,too.Theytalkaboutenvironmentalsafelyandstufflikethat.Martha:DoyouthinkstudentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschoolEd:Ithinkso.So,astheygrowolder,theycanbemoreawareofalltheproblemsthataregoingon,andpreventmoreproblemsfromoccurring.Martha:Ifyoucouldcreateanewlawtohelptheenvironment,whatwoulditbeEd:AnewlawfortheenvironmentUm…I’dprobablysaythatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowthemintothegarbagebin,notjustthrowthemeverywherebecauseit’sjustlitteringandIhatethat.Sotheyshouldbefinediftheythrowthemonthefloorontheground.Martha:That’sagoodidea.WhatdoyoupersonallydotohelpprotecttheenvironmentEd:I’msoagainstlittering.Ineverlitter.IfIseesomebodylitter,Igetreallyangry.SoIalwaysthrowmytrashintothegarbagebin.Key:(1)nature(2)environmentalproblem(3)pollution(4)promote(5)awareof(6)fromoccurring(7)law(8)throwaway(9)fined(10)trashTask2:RiverpollutionScriptIfyouseedeadfishfloatingontheriverornoticethatthewaterisdiscoloredandsmelly,youknowtheriverhasbeenpolluted,andtherearefourmainpossiblecausesforit.First,fertilize.Iflargeamountoffertilizeorfarmwastedrainintoariver,theconcentrationsofnitrateandphosphateinthewaterincreaseconsiderably.Algaeusethesesubstancestogrowrapidly,turningthewatergreen.Thismassivegrowthofalgaeleadstopollution.Whenthealgaedie,theyarebrokendownbytheactionofthebacteria,whichquicklymultiply,usingupalltheoxygeninthewaterandthereforecausingthedeathoffish.Second,industrialwaste.Factoriessometimesdischargechemicalwasteintorivers.Examplesofsuchpollutantsincludecyanide,lead,copper,andmercury.Thesesubstancesmayentertheriverinsuchhighconcentrationsthatfishandotheranimalsarekilledimmediately.Sometimesthepollutionsenterthefoodchainandaccumulateuntiltheyreachtoxiclevels,eventuallykillingfishandotheranimals.Third,oilpollution.Ifoilentersaslow-movingriver,itformsarainbow-coloredfilmovertheentiresurface,preventingoxygenfromenteringthewater.Fourth,warmwater.Industryoftenuseswaterforcoolingprocesses,sometimesdischarginglargequantitiesofwarmwaterbackintorivers.Ahighertemperatureofthewaterlowersthelevelofdissolvedoxygenandupsetsthebalanceoflifeinthewater.Questionandkey:1.WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutD)Thecausesofriverpollution.2.WhydoestheriverwaterturngreenA)Becausenitrateandphosphateinthewaterincrease.3.WhatharmdoesindustrialwastecauseB)Poisoning..4.WhichofthefollowingistrueofoilpollutionC)Itpreventsoxygenfromenteringthewater.5.WhatharmcanwarmwaterinariverbringD)Lackofoxygen.Task3:CurbingcarbonemissionsScriptAlthoughitisnotaneasytask,ChinaisstrivingtofulfillthepromisetocutitscarbondioxideemissionsperunitofGDPby40to45percentinthenext10years.ZhangGuobao,DirectoroftheNationalEnergyAdministration,said,“Thegovernmentputsgreatemphasisonseekingharmoniousdevelopmentbetweencitiesandtheenvironment,andisreadjustingtheenergystructurebygivingprioritytothedevelopmentofcleanandlow-carbonenergies,includinghydroelectric,nuclear,wind,andsolarpower.”Governmentauthoritieshaveclosedsmall,coal-firedplantswithatotalcapacityofmillionkilowattsinthepastfouryears.Thisyear’stargetofclosing10millionkilowattsofcapacitywillbeachievedbyAugust.“Wehavepromisedtotheinternationalcommunitythat15percentofourpowerwillbegeneratedfromnon-fossilsourcesby2020,”DirectorZhangsaid.Atpresent,non-fossilenergyaccountsforonlypercent.Chinaismakingeffortstoincreasetheproportionfcleanenergyinitstotalenergyconsumption.StatisticsshowthatChinainvestedUS$billion.Thus,Chinahasbecometheworldleaderingeneratingcleanenergy.Fiveyearsearlier,China’sinvestmentincleanenergywasonlyUS$billion.However,China’scarbonemissionreductiontargetcannotbeachievedeasily.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomymightbemetatacosttosociety.Forinstance,morethan400,000peoplewerelaidoffasaresultoftheshutdownofsmallcoal-firedpowerplantsinthepastfouryears.Manystudiesindicatethattheefforttocurbgreenhousegasemissio