新概念2-第39課-課件

Lesson39

AmIAllRight?

1Lesson39

AmIAllRight?

1Review1.except,exceptfor,besides,apartfrom,inadditionto.2.說出日出,日落,黎明,黃昏,的單詞。3.continuously:連續(xù)不斷地/continually:連續(xù)地,頻繁地(時斷時續(xù))continuetodo(doing)繼續(xù)做某事。4.Complainabout和complainof5.Asif、Eventhough，【nosooner…than…&hardly…when…】2Review1.except,exceptfor,bWhileJohnGilbertwasinhospital,heaskedhisdoctortotellhimwhetherhisoperationhadbeensuccessful,butthedoctorrefusedtodoso.Thefollowingday,thepatientaskedforabedsidetelephone.Whenhewasalone,hetelephonedthehospitalexchangeandaskedforDoctorMillington.Whenthedoctoransweredthephone,Mr.Gilbertsaidhewasinquiringaboutacertainpatient,aMr.JohnGilbert.HeaskedifMr.John’soperationhadbeensuccessfulandthedoctortoldhimthatithadbeen.HethenaskedwhenMr.Gilbertwouldbeallowedtogohomeandthedoctortoldhimthathewouldhavetostayinhospitalforanothertwoweeks.ThenDr.Millingtonaskedthecallerifhewasarelativeofthepatient.‘No,’thepatientanswered,‘IamMr.JohnGilbert.’3WhileJohnGilbertwasinhospOperationn.1.[外科]手術(shù)surgeryinternalmedicine2.操作，作業(yè)3.經(jīng)營，管理；營業(yè)；企業(yè)Phrases:inoperation生效；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)著normaloperation正常運(yùn)行，常規(guī)操作operationprinciple經(jīng)營理念Haveanoperation做手術(shù)Infact,youcancreateasuccessfulplanforyourbusinessinjustoneday.實際上，你在一天之內(nèi)就可以制作一個成功的事業(yè)戰(zhàn)略計劃。4OperationPhrases:Infact,youSuccessfuln.成功的，一帆風(fēng)順的Phrases:successfulin在…成功的Others:Successn.成功Succeedv.成功Successionn.連續(xù)；繼位；繼承權(quán)Asuccessionof一系列Successorn.繼承者Nordoeshehaveanobvioussuccessorasleader.目前也沒有明顯的繼任者可以接替他的職務(wù)。5SuccessfulPhrases:Others:NoFollowingadj.下面的；其次的，接著的n.下列事物；一批追隨者v.跟隨；沿行（follow的ing形式）prep.在…之后，接著Phrases:inthefollowing在下面；在下文中immediatelyfollowing緊跟著followingsystem跟蹤系統(tǒng)followinginorder循序6FollowingPhrases:6Patientadj.1.忍耐的；容忍的2.堅忍的；耐心的3.沉著的；不急躁的4.耐心等待的；顯出有耐心的5.勤快的；孜孜不倦的n.

1.病人；患者

2.受動著；承受者Whatisbestgiftadoctorcangivetohispatient?一個醫(yī)生能給他病人的最好禮物是什么？7PatientWhatisbestgiftadocPhrases:patientof能忍受patientwith對……有耐心patientcare病患照顧patientsafety病人安全mentalpatient精神病人Asanurse,yououghttobeverypatientwithyourpatients.作為一名護(hù)士，你應(yīng)該對病人十分耐心。8Phrases:Asanurse,yououghtaloneadj.1.孤零的，孤單的2.單獨的；孤獨的adv.1.孤零地，孤單地，孤獨地2.單獨地3.獨自地；孤立無援地4.只，只有；僅僅Phrases:letalone更不必說；聽任；不打擾standalone孤立；獨一無二alonewith與…一起9alonePhrases:9Exchangevt.1.換，更換，調(diào)換，掉換：Moststorewillallowthecustomerstoexchangetheirgoods.2.換回，換來，換取3.把…換成；用…交換；兌換(for)I'dliketoexchangethisdressforoneinasmallersize.4.交換，互換，輪換(with)：10Exchange10Exchangevi.1.交換，替換；交易；進(jìn)行易貨貿(mào)易3.調(diào)換，調(diào)換職務(wù)(或位置）n.

1.交易，貿(mào)易；易貨貿(mào)易；交流2.交換，互換3.代替；替換，更換，調(diào)換，轉(zhuǎn)換adj.(被)交換的，互相交換的，互換的；交流的；兌換的11Exchange11Inquirevt.問，打聽，詢問vi.

1.問，打聽，詢問2.調(diào)查，查問(常與into連用)Phrases:inquireinto調(diào)查，探究inquireabout詢問，查問；打聽inquireof詢問；打聽inquirefor求見；要找inquireafter問候；詢問起12InquirePhrases:12I'dliketoinquireaboutthejobforsalesmanager.我想詢問一下銷售經(jīng)理這個職位的情況。It'sthesecretary'sjobtoinquireabouttheflightsforthemanager.為經(jīng)理查詢有關(guān)航班的情況是秘書的職責(zé)。13I'dliketoinquireaboutthecertainadj.1.確鑿的，毫無疑問的2.確定的；固定的3.必定的，必然的4.可靠的，可信賴的pron.某些；某幾個Phrases:acertainextent一定程度上acertaindegree到某種程度forcertain肯定地；確鑿地certainlevel某一水平14certainPhrases:14Relativeadj.1.相互有關(guān)的；休戚與共的2.與…有關(guān)的；相關(guān)的3.比較而言的4.相對的n.親戚Evenitssuccessesareonlyrelative.即使成功也只是相對的。Itisagiftformyrelativeinmyhometown.這是我送給家鄉(xiāng)一位親戚的禮物。15RelativeEvenitssuccessesar

Havemyoperationbeen

__________________?

successful

成功Heaskedthedoctortotellhimsuccesssuccessfully

succeed

whether

hisoperationhadbeen

successful

beinhospitaloperatepatientJohnGilbert16HavemyoperationbeenThedoctorrefusetodoso.

Iamsorry.Ican’ttellyouaboutthat.1.refusetodosth.2.refuse反義詞accept17Thedoctorrefusetodoso.IHeaskedforabedsidetelephone.abedsidetelephoneaskforThefollowingdaybealonelonely獨自的孤獨的；偏僻的alonelyislandHehasnofriends,sohefeellonely.18Heaskedforabedsidetelephotelephonecallsbcallsbupasksbtodosth.MayIspeaktodoctorMillington?askforThehospitalexchangeasksbtonotdosth.19telephonecallsbcallsbupaskI’minquiringaboutacertainpatient,aMr.John.inquire詢問；打聽Whatdidhesay?he

_______inquiringaboutacertainpatient.Hesaidwas‘HasMrGilbet’soperationbeensuccessful?’Whatdidheask?Heasked_________Mr.Gilbet’soperation______successful.if/whetherhadbeen20I’minquiringaboutacertainWhatdidthedoctortellhim？‘Yes,Ithasbeensucceessful’ithadbeensuccessful.Hetoldhim___________________Whenwillheallowedtogohome?Whatdidheask?Heasked_____whenhe_____beallowedtogohomewould21Whatdidthedoctortellhim？‘Hewillhavetostayinhospitalforanothertwoweeks.Thedoctortoldhim______he_____________stayinhospitalforanothertwodays.Whatdidthedoctortellhim?Areyouarelativeofthepatient?WhatdidtheDr.Millingtonask?Heasked___he____arelativeofthepatient.thatwouldhavetowasifNo.IamMr.JohnGilbert.Whatdidthepatientsayatlast?22Hewillhavetostayinhospit直接引語變間接引語23直接引語變231、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變

1）直接引語中的第一人稱一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”——>Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對轉(zhuǎn)述人說的，轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱如：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.——>MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.241、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變243）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱。如：Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”——>Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4）人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等，如：Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”253）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，轉(zhuǎn)換成——>HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.總之，人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對待，要符合邏輯。

2、時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換直接引語改為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài)（實際也是賓語從句的時態(tài)要求），變化如下：

26——>HeaskedmewhetherIwoul

直接引語間接引語

一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般將來時過去將來時

27直接引語間接引語273、直接引語變成間接引語時，從句時態(tài)無須改變的情況1）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時的時候，如：

Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”——>Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.2）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是將來時的時候，如：Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”——>Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.

3）當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時間狀語時283、直接引語變成間接引語時，從句時態(tài)無須改變的情況28如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”

——>Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.

4）當(dāng)直接引語中有以when,while引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過去的時間時，如：Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”——>Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.5）當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時，29如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollege如：Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”——>Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.

6）當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時，如：Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”——>Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.7）當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need時

30如：Ourteachersaidtous,“Li如：Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?”——>Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.

〔注〕：此處用hadto代替must更好8）此外轉(zhuǎn)述中的變化要因?qū)嶋H情況而定，不能機(jī)械照搬，如果當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there,動詞come不必改為go，如果當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改變。4、時間狀語、地點狀語及某些對比性的指示代詞和動詞變化

31如：Sheasked,“MustItakethe1）時間狀語：直接引語（間接引語）

now（then）；

today(thatday）；

tomorrow（thenext/followingday）

nextweek（thenext/followingweek）

yesterday（thedaybefore）

twodaysago（twodaysbefore）

thisweek/month/year(thatweek/month/year)

2）指示代詞：these變成those

321）時間狀語：323）地點狀語：here變成there

Shesaid,“Iwon'tcomehereanymore.”——>Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore.

4）動詞：come變成go，bring變成take333）地點狀語：here變成there335、直接引語變間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化1）陳述句。用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直用接引語中的said,也可用told來代替，注意，可以說saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接說toldthat,

345、直接引語變間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化34如：Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”——>HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”——>HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不可說toldthat）35如：Hesaid,“Ihavebeentoth2）直接引語為一般疑問句，（也稱是否疑問句，）間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked（me/him/us等），語序是陳述句的語序，這一點非常重要。如：Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”——>Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.362）直接引語為一般疑問句，（也稱是否疑問句，）間接引語用連詞

3）直接引語為選擇疑問句，間接引語用whether…or…表達(dá)，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or….如：Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”——>HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.37374）直接引語為特殊疑問句，改成間接引語時，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用ask（sb.）來表達(dá)，語序改為陳述句語序。如：Heasked，“What'syourname?”——>Heasked（me）whatmynamewas.5）直接引語為祈使句時，改為間接引語，用帶to的不定式表達(dá)，謂語動詞常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。如asksb.todo，（由肯定祈使句變成）asksb.nottodo（由否定祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變），并且在不定式短語中的時間狀語、地點384）直接引語為特殊疑問句，改成間接引語時，原來的疑問詞作為間狀語、人稱及時態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。如：Hesaid，“Beseated,please.”——>Heaskedustobeseated.6）有些含有“建議”——>、“勸告”——>的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等動詞轉(zhuǎn)述，如：Hesaid,“Let'shavearest.”——>Hesuggestedourhavingarest7）當(dāng)直接引語形式上是疑問句，有表示請求，建議意義時，可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。39狀語、人稱及時態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。39如：“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?”heasked.——>Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.

8）直接引語是感嘆句時，變間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)，如：Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”——>Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.

或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.40如：“Wouldyoumindopeningthe練習(xí)答案：dacddabaccab41練習(xí)答案：41EXCERSICE1、Sheaskedme_____mymotherlikedtheblueone.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.where2、Hesaidthathe______agoodjourney.A.hasB.willhaveC.hadD.haveAC42EXCERSICE1、Sheaskedme_____EXCERSICE3、Kateansweredthatshe____herhomework.A.finishB.finishesC.hasfinishedD.hadfinished4、Hesaidthathe___TVatthattime.A.waswatchingB.watchesC.watchingD.haswatchedDA43EXCERSICE3、KateansweredthatEXCERSICE5、HeaskedLucy_____sheneededsomemoretea.A.ifB.whereC.thatD.what6、Idon’tknow____tovisittheoldmanornot.A.weatherB.ifC.whetherD.thatAC44EXCERSICE5、HeaskedLucy_____EXCERSICE7、”You’vegotwell,haven’tyou?”sheasked.Sheasked______.A.ifIhavealreadygotwellB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwellB45EXCERSICE7、”You’vegotwell,EXCERSICE8、”Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.Heaskedme______.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilmD46EXCERSICE8、”HaveyouseentheEXCERSICE9、Sheasked____forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpaidD.howmuchIpaidD47EXCERSICE9、Sheasked____forEXCERSICE1、”Iamgoingtoseeafilmtomorrow”shesaid.2、”Whatdidyoubuyyesterday“sheaskedme.48EXCERSICE1、”IamgoingtoseeEXCERSICE3、”Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?”Iaskedhim.

4、”Didyoucatchthebusyesterday?”heaskedme.49EXCERSICE3、”HowmanystudentsBye-bye!50Bye-bye!50Lesson39

AmIAllRight?

51Lesson39

AmIAllRight?

1Review1.except,exceptfor,besides,apartfrom,inadditionto.2.說出日出,日落,黎明,黃昏,的單詞。3.continuously:連續(xù)不斷地/continually:連續(xù)地,頻繁地(時斷時續(xù))continuetodo(doing)繼續(xù)做某事。4.Complainabout和complainof5.Asif、Eventhough，【nosooner…than…&hardly…when…】52Review1.except,exceptfor,bWhileJohnGilbertwasinhospital,heaskedhisdoctortotellhimwhetherhisoperationhadbeensuccessful,butthedoctorrefusedtodoso.Thefollowingday,thepatientaskedforabedsidetelephone.Whenhewasalone,hetelephonedthehospitalexchangeandaskedforDoctorMillington.Whenthedoctoransweredthephone,Mr.Gilbertsaidhewasinquiringaboutacertainpatient,aMr.JohnGilbert.HeaskedifMr.John’soperationhadbeensuccessfulandthedoctortoldhimthatithadbeen.HethenaskedwhenMr.Gilbertwouldbeallowedtogohomeandthedoctortoldhimthathewouldhavetostayinhospitalforanothertwoweeks.ThenDr.Millingtonaskedthecallerifhewasarelativeofthepatient.‘No,’thepatientanswered,‘IamMr.JohnGilbert.’53WhileJohnGilbertwasinhospOperationn.1.[外科]手術(shù)surgeryinternalmedicine2.操作，作業(yè)3.經(jīng)營，管理；營業(yè)；企業(yè)Phrases:inoperation生效；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)著normaloperation正常運(yùn)行，常規(guī)操作operationprinciple經(jīng)營理念Haveanoperation做手術(shù)Infact,youcancreateasuccessfulplanforyourbusinessinjustoneday.實際上，你在一天之內(nèi)就可以制作一個成功的事業(yè)戰(zhàn)略計劃。54OperationPhrases:Infact,youSuccessfuln.成功的，一帆風(fēng)順的Phrases:successfulin在…成功的Others:Successn.成功Succeedv.成功Successionn.連續(xù)；繼位；繼承權(quán)Asuccessionof一系列Successorn.繼承者Nordoeshehaveanobvioussuccessorasleader.目前也沒有明顯的繼任者可以接替他的職務(wù)。55SuccessfulPhrases:Others:NoFollowingadj.下面的；其次的，接著的n.下列事物；一批追隨者v.跟隨；沿行（follow的ing形式）prep.在…之后，接著Phrases:inthefollowing在下面；在下文中immediatelyfollowing緊跟著followingsystem跟蹤系統(tǒng)followinginorder循序56FollowingPhrases:6Patientadj.1.忍耐的；容忍的2.堅忍的；耐心的3.沉著的；不急躁的4.耐心等待的；顯出有耐心的5.勤快的；孜孜不倦的n.

1.病人；患者

2.受動著；承受者Whatisbestgiftadoctorcangivetohispatient?一個醫(yī)生能給他病人的最好禮物是什么？57PatientWhatisbestgiftadocPhrases:patientof能忍受patientwith對……有耐心patientcare病患照顧patientsafety病人安全mentalpatient精神病人Asanurse,yououghttobeverypatientwithyourpatients.作為一名護(hù)士，你應(yīng)該對病人十分耐心。58Phrases:Asanurse,yououghtaloneadj.1.孤零的，孤單的2.單獨的；孤獨的adv.1.孤零地，孤單地，孤獨地2.單獨地3.獨自地；孤立無援地4.只，只有；僅僅Phrases:letalone更不必說；聽任；不打擾standalone孤立；獨一無二alonewith與…一起59alonePhrases:9Exchangevt.1.換，更換，調(diào)換，掉換：Moststorewillallowthecustomerstoexchangetheirgoods.2.換回，換來，換取3.把…換成；用…交換；兌換(for)I'dliketoexchangethisdressforoneinasmallersize.4.交換，互換，輪換(with)：60Exchange10Exchangevi.1.交換，替換；交易；進(jìn)行易貨貿(mào)易3.調(diào)換，調(diào)換職務(wù)(或位置）n.

1.交易，貿(mào)易；易貨貿(mào)易；交流2.交換，互換3.代替；替換，更換，調(diào)換，轉(zhuǎn)換adj.(被)交換的，互相交換的，互換的；交流的；兌換的61Exchange11Inquirevt.問，打聽，詢問vi.

1.問，打聽，詢問2.調(diào)查，查問(常與into連用)Phrases:inquireinto調(diào)查，探究inquireabout詢問，查問；打聽inquireof詢問；打聽inquirefor求見；要找inquireafter問候；詢問起62InquirePhrases:12I'dliketoinquireaboutthejobforsalesmanager.我想詢問一下銷售經(jīng)理這個職位的情況。It'sthesecretary'sjobtoinquireabouttheflightsforthemanager.為經(jīng)理查詢有關(guān)航班的情況是秘書的職責(zé)。63I'dliketoinquireaboutthecertainadj.1.確鑿的，毫無疑問的2.確定的；固定的3.必定的，必然的4.可靠的，可信賴的pron.某些；某幾個Phrases:acertainextent一定程度上acertaindegree到某種程度forcertain肯定地；確鑿地certainlevel某一水平64certainPhrases:14Relativeadj.1.相互有關(guān)的；休戚與共的2.與…有關(guān)的；相關(guān)的3.比較而言的4.相對的n.親戚Evenitssuccessesareonlyrelative.即使成功也只是相對的。Itisagiftformyrelativeinmyhometown.這是我送給家鄉(xiāng)一位親戚的禮物。65RelativeEvenitssuccessesar

Havemyoperationbeen

__________________?

successful

成功Heaskedthedoctortotellhimsuccesssuccessfully

succeed

whether

hisoperationhadbeen

successful

beinhospitaloperatepatientJohnGilbert66HavemyoperationbeenThedoctorrefusetodoso.

Iamsorry.Ican’ttellyouaboutthat.1.refusetodosth.2.refuse反義詞accept67Thedoctorrefusetodoso.IHeaskedforabedsidetelephone.abedsidetelephoneaskforThefollowingdaybealonelonely獨自的孤獨的；偏僻的alonelyislandHehasnofriends,sohefeellonely.68Heaskedforabedsidetelephotelephonecallsbcallsbupasksbtodosth.MayIspeaktodoctorMillington?askforThehospitalexchangeasksbtonotdosth.69telephonecallsbcallsbupaskI’minquiringaboutacertainpatient,aMr.John.inquire詢問；打聽Whatdidhesay?he

_______inquiringaboutacertainpatient.Hesaidwas‘HasMrGilbet’soperationbeensuccessful?’Whatdidheask?Heasked_________Mr.Gilbet’soperation______successful.if/whetherhadbeen70I’minquiringaboutacertainWhatdidthedoctortellhim？‘Yes,Ithasbeensucceessful’ithadbeensuccessful.Hetoldhim___________________Whenwillheallowedtogohome?Whatdidheask?Heasked_____whenhe_____beallowedtogohomewould71Whatdidthedoctortellhim？‘Hewillhavetostayinhospitalforanothertwoweeks.Thedoctortoldhim______he_____________stayinhospitalforanothertwodays.Whatdidthedoctortellhim?Areyouarelativeofthepatient?WhatdidtheDr.Millingtonask?Heasked___he____arelativeofthepatient.thatwouldhavetowasifNo.IamMr.JohnGilbert.Whatdidthepatientsayatlast?72Hewillhavetostayinhospit直接引語變間接引語73直接引語變231、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變

1）直接引語中的第一人稱一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”——>Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對轉(zhuǎn)述人說的，轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱如：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.——>MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.741、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變243）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱。如：Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”——>Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4）人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等，如：Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”753）直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，轉(zhuǎn)換成——>HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.總之，人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對待，要符合邏輯。

2、時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換直接引語改為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài)（實際也是賓語從句的時態(tài)要求），變化如下：

76——>HeaskedmewhetherIwoul

直接引語間接引語

一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般將來時過去將來時

77直接引語間接引語273、直接引語變成間接引語時，從句時態(tài)無須改變的情況1）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時的時候，如：

Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”——>Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.2）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是將來時的時候，如：Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”——>Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.

3）當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時間狀語時783、直接引語變成間接引語時，從句時態(tài)無須改變的情況28如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”

——>Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.

4）當(dāng)直接引語中有以when,while引導(dǎo)的從句，表示過去的時間時，如：Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”——>Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.5）當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時，79如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollege如：Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”——>Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.

6）當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時，如：Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”——>Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.7）當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need時

80如：Ourteachersaidtous,“Li如：Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?”——>Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.

〔注〕：此處用hadto代替must更好8）此外轉(zhuǎn)述中的變化要因?qū)嶋H情況而定，不能機(jī)械照搬，如果當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there,動詞come不必改為go，如果當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改變。4、時間狀語、地點狀語及某些對比性的指示代詞和動詞變化

81如：Sheasked,“MustItakethe1）時間狀語：直接引語（間接引語）

now（then）；

today(thatday）；

tomorrow（thenext/followingday）

nextweek（thenext/followingweek）

yesterday（thedaybefore）

twodaysago（twodaysbefore）

thisweek/month/year(thatweek/month/year)

2）指示代詞：these變成those

821）時間狀語：323）地點狀語：here變成there

Shesaid,“Iwon'tcomehereanymore.”——>Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore.

4）動詞：come變成go，bring變成take833）地點狀語：here變成there335、直接引語變間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化1）陳述句。用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直用接引語中的said,也可用told來代替，注意，可以說saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接說toldthat,

845、直接引語變間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化34如：Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”——>HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”——>HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不可說toldthat）85如：Hesaid,“Ihavebeentoth2）直接引語為一般疑問句，（也稱是否疑問句，）間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked（me/him/us等），語序是陳述句的語序，這一點非常重要。如：Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”——>Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.862）直接引語為一般疑問句，（也稱是否疑問句，）間接引語用連詞

3）直接引語為選擇疑問句，間接引語用whether…or…表達(dá)，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or….如：Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”——>HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.87374）直接引語為特殊疑問句，改成間接引語時，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用ask（sb.）來表達(dá)，語序改為陳述句語序。如：Heasked，“What'syourname?”——>Heasked（me）whatmynamewas.5）直接引語為祈使句時，改為間接引語，用帶to的不定式表達(dá)，謂語動詞常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。如asksb.todo，（由肯定祈使句變成）asksb.nottodo（由否定祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變），并且在不定式短語中的時間狀語、地點884）直接引語為特殊疑問句，改成間接引語時，原來的疑問詞作為間狀語、人稱及時態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。如：Hesaid，“Beseate