初中英語非謂語動(dòng)詞課件

初中英語課件此ppt下載后可自行編輯初中英語課件此ppt下載后可自行編輯初中英語非謂語動(dòng)詞課件非謂語動(dòng)詞講解NonfiniteVerbs非謂語動(dòng)詞講解NonfiniteVerbs非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式1.謂語動(dòng)詞：概述：2.非謂語動(dòng)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動(dòng)詞

是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語動(dòng)詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。非謂語動(dòng)詞使用條件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.1.謂語動(dòng)詞：概述：2.非謂語動(dòng)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動(dòng)詞1Theteachers

sittingthere

are

fromotherschools.表語2Wesaw

someteachers

sittingthere.賓語補(bǔ)足語3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.賓語謂語賓語主語定語連系動(dòng)詞劃分句子成分非謂語動(dòng)詞大都可在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語等.1Theteacherssittingtherea4.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.5.Iwanttoseeyou.6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.Heisthemantoseeyou.9.I’mgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttoseeyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主語）(作賓語）（作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語）（作定語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）4.Toseeyouisglad.（作主語）(作賓語12.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.13.Heenjoysswimming.14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.15.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.16.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主語）(作賓語）(作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語）(作狀語）(作定語）12.Swimmingishisfavourites動(dòng)詞不定式（TheInfinitive）一.動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成

肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.

被動(dòng)式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone二.動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用法動(dòng)詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語定語、狀語等成份。動(dòng)詞不定式（TheInfinitive）一.動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.

主語

賓語表語

定語

狀語

賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式Todothatsortofthing(1)作主語不定式做主語時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主語，將todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+謂語+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment__spendourholidayinthemountains(1)作主語不定式做主語時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。To句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.＝Y(jié)ouareverykindtogivemesomehelp.

＝y(tǒng)ouareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.

句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.tod常見動(dòng)詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇want,decide,hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promise(2)作賓語Iwanttoknowthismatter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做賓語1.Theywanted____(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.常見動(dòng)詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇want,dB.常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…know,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.Idon'tknowhowtogetthere.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.B.常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞:Idon'tknobeginstartcontinue+tododoing注意下列動(dòng)詞①begin+todo注意下列動(dòng)詞①②likelovehatepreferlearn+tododoing②like+todo③rememberforgetregret+tododoing③remember+todo④trymeanstopgoon+tododoing④try+todo1.Boys,don'tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.

A.closing

B.closed

C.toclosing

D.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.

A.tohaverested

B.resting

C.torest

D.rest4.Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoff

B.turningoff

C.turnoff

D.toturningoff1.Boys,don'tforget_____th(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語(與賓語之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)1.Mother

told

me

___

come

back

before

10

o’clock.

2.I’ll

get

someone

___

repair

the

recorder

for

you.

3.What

caused

him

___

change

his

mind?

4.I

wish

you

___

come

as

soon

as

possible.5.Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhim(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語(與賓語之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系adviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwish

obligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest…sb.todoadviseallowasksb.todoseewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.+dodoingdonemakelethavesee+sb.+domakeletsb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed+todomadeletsb.beseen+todomade2).I

often

hear

them

(sing)

this

song.Did

you

notice

anyone

(come

)in

?

I

would

have

him

(wait)

for

me

for

a

long

time.

Look

at

the

horse

jump.

注意：

當(dāng)這類動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，

其后的不定式則要加上“

to”

如：Heisoftenheard________thesong·

He

was

seen

_______

the

room.tosingto

enter2).I

often

hear

them

(sing)

th4.it作形式賓語Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．注意：不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.We

thought

___

better

___

start

early.

2.Do

you

consider

___

better

not

__

go?3.

I

feel

__

my

duty

__

change

all

that.4.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.5.Iknow__impossible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.4.it作形式賓語Ifind/feeltowork用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子完整、正確。1.Letme______(help)you_______(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_______(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate______(cry),todayhewasmade_______(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_______intothesmallstore.

A.went

B.going

C.togo

D.hasgone5.Telltheboy_______outofthewindow.nottolookB.tonotlook

C.don'tlook

D.notlookhelp(to)watertotakecrytocry用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子完整、正確。help5.

Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定語)不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?(區(qū)別主被動(dòng)）不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容

Ihavenochancetogothere.被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語

Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須加介詞

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.

5.

Ihavesomethingtotell1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.

A.tolivein

B.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?

A.tocutthefruitwith

B.tocutthefruit

C.cuttingthefruit

D.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper

（寫上）

4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen

（寫）towriteontowritewith動(dòng)詞不定式做定語1.Thehouseisnotbigenough注意：

如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如：Heislookingforaroomtolivein．Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith．(5)作狀語表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim．(目的)(原因)(結(jié)果)(條件)注意：

如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如：動(dòng)名詞（gerund）一.動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二.動(dòng)名詞的性質(zhì)動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)有具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，具體表現(xiàn)為：1.動(dòng)名詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingit.動(dòng)名詞（gerund）一.動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)2.動(dòng)名詞可帶有自己的賓語和狀語Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.三.動(dòng)名詞的功用1.可作主語①SeeingisbelievingReadingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.nousenogoodnofun②It`s+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerous ③Thereisno+doing...①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting③Lookingafterthepatientsisanurse`sjob.④It`sdangerousplayingwithfire.⑤It`sawasteoftimecopyingother`shomework.⑥Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.2.動(dòng)名詞可帶有自己的賓語和狀語Areyouforo2.可作賓語①S.+vt.+doingHaveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.在某些動(dòng)詞后要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能用不定式，常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：避免錯(cuò)過(少)延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建議完成(多)練習(xí)suggest/advisefinishpractise喜歡想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/can`thelp承認(rèn)否定(與)嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脫冒險(xiǎn)(莫)原諒escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持(不)在意standkeep/keeponmind注：在動(dòng)詞advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允許）等后，如果沒有人稱賓語，后跟動(dòng)名詞；如果有人稱賓語則后跟不定式。例如Wedon’tallowpeopletofishhere.

我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)谶@兒釣魚。Peoplearenotallowedtofishhere.人們不準(zhǔn)在這兒釣魚。2.可作賓語①S.+vt.+doingHaveyprefer…..to…..lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincan`thelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)②作介詞/短語動(dòng)詞的賓語:S.+v.+prep.+doinge.g.①Shesattherewithout(speak)②Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp(laugh).⑤Idon`tfeellike(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons.prefer…..③主動(dòng)表被動(dòng):want(需要)

need(需要)

require(需要)Sth.++doing

beworth(值得)

使用動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義tobedone使用不定式作賓語時(shí)，依然用被動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義①Theroomwants(clean).②Themethodneeds(improve).③Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).④Theproblemneeds(workout).⑤Thequestioniswellworth(discuss)③主動(dòng)表被動(dòng):wantd）動(dòng)詞“l(fā)ike,love,hate,prefer”后接動(dòng)名詞表示“習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動(dòng)作”。當(dāng)用在should,would之后時(shí)，只跟不定式。例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.我喜歡游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?

你今晚上想吃什么？Stop；forget；try；Mean；goon；OthersExamplesd）動(dòng)詞“l(fā)ike,love,hate,prefer五.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè)物主代詞或名詞所有格來表示這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語1).物主代詞/名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語:Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.2).人稱代詞賓格/名詞+動(dòng)名詞在句中作賓語:I`msureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.

Idon’tmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.五.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè)物主代詞或名詞所有分詞：Participles一分詞的概述1.分詞是“非謂語動(dòng)詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞（PresentParticiple）和過去分詞（PastParticiple）。2.現(xiàn)在分詞：doing

過去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞V+ed

不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中作表語、定語狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。分詞：Participles一分詞的概述1.分詞是“非謂現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過去分詞表被動(dòng)DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.2.時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成DevelopingcountryboilingwaterDevelopedcountryboiledwater現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過去分二、分詞的作用1、作定語分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱為前置定語。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后置定語。（1）前置定語Heisapromisingyoungman.

Makelessnoise.There’sasleepingchild.

Weonlysellusedbooks.

我們只賣用過的書。（2）后置定語TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。二、分詞的作用1、作定語分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.

上個(gè)月建造的那座橋需要修理。（3）分詞短語作定語必須置于被修飾詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.

)想加入本俱樂部的人在這里簽名。Theman,

whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.)由于被嚴(yán)重困擾，這個(gè)人幾乎失去了記憶。(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.Thebridgebuiltlastmonthne（4）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動(dòng)和完成，只表完成。如：thequestiondiscussedyesterday

昨天討論的問題

（既表示被動(dòng)也表示完成）thefallenleaves

落下的樹葉

(只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng))2、作表語分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被嚇得一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.

你所說的真令從鼓舞。（4）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動(dòng)和完成，只表3、作賓語補(bǔ)足語可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動(dòng)詞有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等詞。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看見他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我聽見他們?cè)诮淌依锍?。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。3、作賓語補(bǔ)足語可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動(dòng)詞有see,waA）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroomB）Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.

現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別四、作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.

A）Iheardmybrother(singingHearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.WhentheyheardthebadnewsHearingthebadnews,WhenthGivenmoreattention,

thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.IftheyhadbeengivenmoreattentionGivenmoreattention,IftheyhBeingsoangry,

hecouldn’tgotosleep.BecausehewassoangryBeingsoangry,BecausehewasTheycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.andtheyweresinginglaughingTheycameintotheclassroom,aToservethepeoplewell,

Istudyhard.InordertoservethepeoplewellToservethepeoplewell,判斷下列句子正誤：1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterwillboil.4.Gettingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.判斷下列句子正誤：1.TolearnEnglishw判斷句子正誤并改正：1,Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.2.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.3,BrokenbyJim,Ican’tusethecup.判斷句子正誤并改正：1,Beingill,hiscl將下列狀語從句改為非謂語短語作狀語：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbythehero,將下列狀語從句改為非謂語Movedbythehero,2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findingthedoorlocked,2.WhenhefoundthedoorFindiHestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontimeHestartedearlyinorderthat將下列非謂語短語改寫為狀語從句1.Notknowingheraddress,Ican’twritetoher.2.Enteringtheroom,Isawastrangesight.3,Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasverysad.將下列非謂語短語改寫為狀語從句1.Notknowing4.Notknowingwheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.

5.Hearingherfriendwasbad-lyhurt,sheburstintotears.

6.Knowinghisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.4.Notknowingwheretogo,不定式時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法1.不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用一般時(shí)態(tài)

Hewantedtoseeyou2.強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabookHeissaidtobewritinganovel3.強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生時(shí)，用不定式完成時(shí)Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.I’msogladtohaveseenyou.Thegroundissowet,Itmusthaverainedlastnight

不定式被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法.A,當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)SheaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet(賓語)ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish(或叫合Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere(主語)不定式時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法1.不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語，盡管不定式與被修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，也還要用主動(dòng)語態(tài)1,Givehimsomebooktoread\Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+be+easy\difficult\hard\pleasant\interesting\exciting\comfortable+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteach3,Thehouseistolet\Themanageristoblame.\Thereasonisnotfartoseek.4Therebe句型中，主動(dòng)形式或被動(dòng)形式均可但有時(shí)含意不同Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)現(xiàn)在沒事干Thereisnothingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)現(xiàn)在沒什么辦法Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)沒有東西值得看Thereisnothingtobeseen看不見有什么東西句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語，盡管不定式與被修飾詞是被分詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法

如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.

分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。分詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系時(shí)被動(dòng)的，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_______manystudents.(follow)4.Theteachercamein,_______bymanystudents.(follow)followingfollowed

如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，要用分詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。1.Beingrepaired,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.2.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.3.Passingbytheaccidentscene,Isawthemanbadlyhurtbeingcarriedontoanambulance.分詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞表示的動(dòng)作Task:completethefollowingsentences1.“＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（你有衣服要洗嗎）?themaidasked.2.________________(沒有完成作業(yè)),TomwasforbiddentowatchTV.3.________________(正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter.4.________________(被邀請(qǐng)參加舞會(huì)),Maryfeltexcited.5.Thedifficultmathsproblem____________________(很難算出）.6.Shewasangryfor__________________(沒有被邀請(qǐng)）totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothestore_________________(沒人看到）8.Theflat_________________(出租）9.Themanwhowasondutythatday_________________(應(yīng)受譴責(zé)）10.Theywereproudof____________________(被派往西藏去工作）11.Whentheteachercamein,Tom_________________(假裝再看書）12.NiPingissaid____________________(寫了一本名叫“日子”的書）13.SongDandanissaid_______________(在寫一本叫“月子”的書）14._________________(從窗戶往外看),Icanseemanytallbuildings.15._________________(從山頂往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautiful.16._________________(他有很多活要干）.Don’tbotherhim.17._________________(他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.DoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedNothavingbeeninvitedtotheball,isdifficulttoworkoutnothavingbeeninvitedwithoutbeingseenistoletistoblamehavingbeensenttoworkinTibetpretendedtobereadingtohavewrittenabookcalled“TheDays”tobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths”Lookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,HehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedoneTask:completethefollowing分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)構(gòu)成（以study和go為例）

及物與不及物動(dòng)詞

語態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)類別

及物動(dòng)詞

不及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)

主動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞一般式studyingbeingstudiedgoing完成式havingstudiedhavingbeenstudiedhavinggoing過去分詞一般式studiedgone分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)構(gòu)成（以study和go為例）及物與不及被動(dòng)式：beingdone表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的完成動(dòng)作。1.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.3.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingputup.完成式：havingdone所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.2.Nothavingreceivedhisfather’sletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.被動(dòng)式：beingdone表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的完成動(dòng)作。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

一般來說，分詞或分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。但有時(shí)候，分詞的動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出來的，它有自己的邏輯主語。

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（IndependentGenitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做狀語，多用于書面語。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。

Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般來說，分詞或分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主1．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分詞及其短語

Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.

Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名詞/代詞+-ed分詞及其短語Good-byesaid,wewenthome.

Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.1．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語

Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.

Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名詞/代詞+不定式及其短語

Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.

Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語

Theweath（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語

Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.

（6）名詞/代詞+介詞及其短語

Shestoodthere,bookinhand.

Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語

Themeetin2．with+復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以看成是一種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)有較鮮明的特色。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，with后的賓語相當(dāng)于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語，其后面的詞相當(dāng)于這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯謂語。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)很像一個(gè)用來說明附帶情況或細(xì)節(jié)的，可以起狀語作用的句子。翻譯時(shí)，with原有的含意往往不翻譯出來。（1）with+名詞/代詞+名詞

Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.

Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.

2．with+復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以看成是一種獨(dú)立主（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞

Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.

Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.

Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.（3）with+名詞/代詞+副詞

Hewentoutwithhishaton.

Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞

Thetea4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞

Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.

Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5）with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞

Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.

Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.

Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞

Don’ts（6）with+名詞/代詞+-en分詞

Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.

Hediedwithhislife’sworkstillunfinished.

Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7）with+名詞/代詞+不定式

Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.

Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.

Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.（6）with+名詞/代詞+-en分詞

All3.由Therebeing+主語這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因?yàn)橛性S多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。3.由Therebeing+主語Therebeing不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別： 不定式作主語時(shí)經(jīng)常表示具體動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng)作：It’snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It’snotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.關(guān)于邏輯主語的問題動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)則是：1.邏輯主語是有生命的名詞：作主語時(shí)，須用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；作賓語時(shí)，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。Tom’s(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpe2.邏輯主語是無生命的名詞：IsthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematchShedidn’tmindJack/Jack’s(him/his)cominghere.1.______tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.A.MikecomingB.MikecameC.MikecomesD.Mike’scoming2.It’snouse_______thatyoudidn’tknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretending D.yourpretendChangethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidn’tattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別：Thanksalot!Thanksalot!不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別： 不定式作主語時(shí)經(jīng)常表示具體動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng)作：It’snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It’snotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.關(guān)于邏輯主語的問題動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)則是：1.邏輯主語是有生命的名詞：作主語時(shí)，須用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；作賓語時(shí)，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。Tom’s(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpe2.邏輯主語是無生命的名詞：IsthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematchShedidn’tmindJack/Jack’s(him/his)cominghere.1.______tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.A.MikecomingB.MikecameC.MikecomesD.Mike’scoming2.It’snouse_______thatyoudidn’tknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretending D.yourpretendChangethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidn’tattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式、動(dòng)名詞用作主語1。直接作主語（1）眼見為實(shí)（2）今天早晨做早操對(duì)身體無益（3）在這里吸煙很危險(xiǎn)1.Toseeistobelieve2.Todomorningexercisestodayisnotgoodforhealth.3.Tosmokehereisdangerous（1）眼見為實(shí)。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸煙不是好習(xí)慣。1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisgoodforhealth3.Smokingisnotagoodhabit不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式作主語時(shí)經(jīng)常表示具體動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng)作不定式、動(dòng)名詞用作主語1。直接作主語1.ToseeisA:如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由for引起的短語。

Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容詞作表語時(shí)，不定式前常加一個(gè)of引起的短語，這些形容詞是：

(表評(píng)價(jià)性的，來說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性）

kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.A:如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的，B:下列形容詞作動(dòng)名詞作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）廣說不做沒用（2）做無益的后悔沒用（3）吸煙太多無益（4）學(xué)好英語是值得做的4.It’sworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.2.用it作形式主語，常與nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile連用1.It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything2.It’suselesscryingoverthespiltmilk3.It’snogoodsmokingtoomuch1.It’snouse______(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno______(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood______(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_____(play)golf.動(dòng)名詞作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）廣說不做小結(jié)：動(dòng)名詞與不等式作主語時(shí)的區(qū)別一、對(duì)稱原則二、特殊表達(dá)三、固定句型四、習(xí)慣用法主語和表語對(duì)稱動(dòng)名詞表示經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作不等式表示具體的、某一次的動(dòng)作IttakessbsometimetodosthIt’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthIt’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth小結(jié)：動(dòng)名詞與不等式作主語時(shí)的區(qū)別一、對(duì)稱原則主語和表語對(duì)稱todo表示具體的動(dòng)作，-ingform表示泛指的動(dòng)作，通常

1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitsis______(bite)nails（指甲）.

作表語todo表示具體的動(dòng)作，-ingform表示泛指的動(dòng)作（3）做表語：主語+系動(dòng)詞+不定式1).其主語多為抽象名詞(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).betodo可構(gòu)成將來時(shí)態(tài),表“準(zhǔn)備/打算/計(jì)劃/需要”;Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.（3）做表語：主語+系動(dòng)詞+不定式1).其主語多為抽象名詞2。不定式作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）你這么說真是太好了（2）他說出這樣的話太愚蠢了（3）我們學(xué)好英語是必要的（4）你們學(xué)好英語語法并不難3.固定句型1.Itisverykindofyoutosayso.2.It’sveryfoolishofhimtosaysuchthings3.ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell4.It’snotdifficultforyoutolearnwellEnglishgrammar（1）李壘每天花兩個(gè)半小時(shí)完成作業(yè)（2）你昨晚用多長時(shí)間寫完的作文？1.IttakesLiLei