安全隱患識別5部曲

1Dothiseffectivelyandyouwilldevelopsaferprocesseswithreducedoperatingcosts,complywithlegalrequirements,andbenefitfromincreasedefficiencyandprofitability.如果能夠控制得宜,除可減少運作成本外,更可保障安全、依從法規(guī);以及增加效率和利益Hazardidentificationisallabout

identifying,eliminatingorcontrollingthehazardsinyourplant.認出危害是指把廠房的危害認出,消除或控制HazardIdentification“5StepstoSafety”認出危害

“安全五步曲”2HazardIdentification認出風險Carryoutworkintheslagindustryinvolvesavarietyofrisks.礦渣工業(yè)的運作產(chǎn)生不同的危害Maintainingasafeworkingenvironmentmeansbeingawareoftheserisksandcontrollingthem.若要有一個安全的工作環(huán)境,便要注意及控制所有的危害3HazardIdentification=RiskEvaluation

認出危害

=風險評估Thistrainingexercisewillenableyouto:這次訓練是希望你們能:Definetheterms-risk,hazard,hazardeffect,andprobability.明白甚麼是「危害」、「嚴重性」、「可能性」及「風險」Carryoutapracticalriskassessmentforagiventask.工作前進行風險評估Listthesourcesofpotentialhazardsassociatedwithplantisolations.認出危害，找出減少危害的方法4RiskEvaluation風險評估Everyactivityhassomeriskattachedtoit.每項活動均有風險Asthepicturebelowshows,noactivityisabsolutelysafe.Riskisassociatedwitheveryaspectofdailylife.像以下的圖片,沒有一項活動是絕對安全。我們?nèi)粘Ｉ羁倳龅讲煌潭鹊娘L險5RiskEvaluation

風險評估Althoughtherearerisksassociatedwitheveryactivitypeoplestillcarrythemout-why?雖然我們每項活動都存有風險,但為什么我們?nèi)匀灰^續(xù)?Thechancesofthehazardoccurringaresmall.危害發(fā)生的機會很低Thepossibleeffectofthehazardissmall.該危害的影響程度很細Theassociatedrisksareacceptable.有關(guān)的風險是可接受6RiskEvaluation

風險評估Wouldyouflytoaholidaydestination?你會否坐飛機到外地旅遊?Indecidingwhetheryouwouldflyornottoaholidaydestination,youmayhaveconsideredanumberofthings.旅遊前，決定是否坐飛機,你可能會考慮很多事情

。。。Whatcouldgowrong?會有什么事?Whatwillhappenifitdoesgowrong,andhowseriouswillitbe?如果真的有事發(fā)生,會有多嚴重?

Howlikelyisittogowrong?發(fā)生的可能性有多大?7RiskEvaluation

風險評估Todecidewhetheritissafetocarryoutanactivity,itisnecessarytoassessthehazard,theaffectsofthehazards,andtheirprobabilities.在考慮進行一項活動是否安全時,必須認出危害、它的嚴重性及可能性Hazards,HazardEffectsandProbability.危害、嚴重性及可能性8RiskEvaluation風險評估TheworkHAZARDreferstothethingswhichcouldgowrongwhencarryingoutataskoractivity.危害是指當進行一項工作或活動時會否出錯Thereisnofoolproofwaytoidentifyallthehazardsassociatedwithanactivity,althoughexperienceisanadvantage.實際上，未必可以把全部的危害認出，但若是有經(jīng)驗，會有很大的幫助，9RiskEvaluation

風險評估Thinkingaboutthesortsofthingwhichcouldhappenasaresultoftheactivitywillhighlightpotentialhazards.從不同角度考慮活動可能發(fā)生的問題,認出它的有關(guān)危害Onewaytoidentifypotentialhazardsistoaskthequestion,Whatif?認出潛在危害是要多問問題“如果這樣的話…..會有甚麼事情發(fā)生…..”10RiskEvaluation風險評估Whencarryingoutanactivity,hazardsmaycomefromavarietyofsources.當進行一個活動時,可能遇上不同程度的危害Toolsorequipment工具或機器Time時間Location地點Materials物資Adjacentactivities毗鄰活動Theactivity該活動11RiskEvaluation

風險評估Whenidentifyinghazards,theactivityshouldnotbeconsideredinisolation.當認出危害的時候,不應(yīng)將該工作獨立來看Thehazardsmaynotbethesameeachtimeataskiscarriedout.每項工作，當在不同時間進行時,都可能會有不同的危害12RiskEvaluation風險評估Todecidewhetheritissafetocarryoutanactivity,itisnecessarytoidentifythehazard,theaffectsofthehazards,andtheirprobabilities.在判斷一項活動是否安全時,必須認出危害、考慮它的嚴重性及其可能性Letslookateachpictureabovetolearnmoreabouthazards,hazardeffectsandprobability.以上圖片,就是講述危害、它的嚴重性及可能性ü13RiskEvaluation風險評估HAZARDEFFECTThetermhazardeffectrelatestotheconsequencesofaparticularhazardarising.危害的嚴重性是指危害可能導至的后果Whatwillhappeniftheactivitygoeswrong…..如果事情出錯會怎樣…Andhowseriouswillitbe?及其嚴重性?14RiskEvaluation

風險評估Thehazardeffectmaybeshorttermorlongterm.危害可造成短期或長期的破壞Itmayalsobeimmediateordelayed,whichwillgivepeopletimetoescape.這些破壞可能是突然發(fā)生（沒時間逃生）,亦可能經(jīng)過一斷長時間才發(fā)生（有時間逃生）15RiskEvaluation

風險評估Thehazardeffectmayresultin...危害的嚴重性可能會導致…Peoplebeinghurt員工受傷Equipmentbeingdamaged機械損壞16RiskEvaluation

風險評估Thehazardeffectcanbedescribedas...危害的嚴重性可能會是…Medium中等Large重大Small輕微17RiskEvaluation

風險評估Todecidewhetheritissafetocarryoutanactivity,itisnecessarytoassessthehazard,theaffectsofthehazards,andtheirprobabilities.在判斷一項活動是否安全時,必須認出危害、考慮它的嚴重性及其可能性üüLetslookatthenextpictureabovetolearnmoreabouthazards,hazardeffectsandprobability.我們再繼序了解更多有關(guān)危害、它的嚴重性及可能性18RiskEvaluation

風險評估

Probabilityisthelikelihoodofsomethingoccurring.可能性就是指事情發(fā)生的機會有多大Probabilityisusedinlotsofeverydayactivities.我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪薪?jīng)?？紤]到事故發(fā)生的“可能性”12354619PROBABILITYInariskassessment,probabilityreferstothelikelihoodofaparticularhazardarising.在風險評估中,可能性是指危害會發(fā)生的機會Forexample,whenanactivityiscarriedout,thelikelihoodofaparticularhazardoccurringmaybe:舉例說,進行一項活動時,發(fā)生事故的可能性是:Everytime經(jīng)常Onetimeoutofahundred百分之一的機會Onceinalifetime一生一次Onetimeoutoften十分之一的機會RiskEvaluation

風險評估20RiskAssessment

風險評估Theprobabilityofaparticularhazardarisingmaybeinfluencedbythe...危害發(fā)生的可能性是跟以下情況有關(guān):Characteristicsofthetask工作種類Equipmentbeingused所用工具Experienceofthepeople員工經(jīng)驗21Theprobabilityofaparticularhazardarisingcanbedescribedas...危害發(fā)生的可能性可分為….Small低Medium中Large高RiskEvaluation

風險評估22QSelectTrueorFalseforthefollowingstatement.“Inriskassessment,probabilityreferstotheconsequencesofaparticularhazardarising”.在以下句子中,是正確還是錯誤:“在風險評估中,可能性是指危害發(fā)生可導至的后果”PROBABILITYTRUE正確FALSE錯誤RiskEvaluation

風險評估23QSelectTrueorFalseforthefollowingstatement.“Inriskassessment,probabilityreferstotheconsequencesofaparticularhazardarising”.在以下句子中,是正確還是錯誤:“在風險評估中,可能性是指危害發(fā)生可能導至的后果”PROBABILITYTRUE正確FALSE錯誤Yes.Inriskassessment,probabilityisthelikelihoodofaparticularhazardarising.Theconsequencesofaparticularhazardarisingarethehazardeffects.正確。在風險評估中,“可能性”是指危害可能會發(fā)生的機會。而嚴重性是指危害發(fā)生可能導至的后果。RiskEvaluation24Todecidewhetheritissafetocarryoutanactivity,itisnecessarytoassessthehazard,theaffectsofthehazards,andtheirprobabilities.在判斷一項活動是否安全時,必須認出危害、考慮它的嚴重性及其可能性üüüYouhavenowfoundoutabouthazards,hazardeffectsandprobability.現(xiàn)在，你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)明白什么是危害、嚴重性及可能性。Letsfindouthowtheseelementsareusedinriskassessment.讓我們一起看看如何應(yīng)用這些元素去進行危險評估RiskEvaluation

風險評估25TheriskiscalculatedbymultiplyingtheHazardEffectbytheProbabilityofitoccurring.計算風險是將危害的嚴重性與可能性相成RISK=HAZARDEFFECTxPROBABILITY風險

=

嚴重性

x

可能性RiskEvaluation

RiskAssessment

風險評估

風險計算26RiskAssessment

風險計算

Whenthetwovaluesarenotthesame,theriskiscalculatedasbeingthehigherofthetwo...在嚴重性跟可能性是不一樣，計算風險時，便取兩者中的較高值Unlessoneishighandtheotherislow,inwhichcasetheriskismedium.但如果兩個數(shù)值，一個是高，一個是低,它們的風險為中H=High高M=Medium中L=Low低Forexampleifthehazardeffectismediumandtheprobabilityislow,theriskismediumratherthanlow.舉例說,如嚴重性是中,可能性是低,相應(yīng)風險為中而不是低27RiskAssessment

風險計算

Althoughthereissomeriskassociatedwithallactivity,thereareanumberofwaysinwhichitmightbereduced,forexampleby….雖然每一個活動都有相應(yīng)的風險，我們可以使用不同的方法把風險減少,比如:Takingappropriateprecautions.采用適當?shù)念A(yù)防措施Followingcertainprocedures.遵守一定的程序Changingtheapproach.改變處理的方法Thecorrectmethodandstandard用正確的方法及標準28RiskAssessment

風險計算

Evenaftersuitableprecautionshavebeentaken,proceduresfollowed,andwherenecessarytheapproachchanged,theremaystillbesomeriskassociatedwiththetask.就算已采用適當?shù)姆李A(yù)措施、遵守程序、甚至就需要而改變了處理方法后,有關(guān)的工作亦可能有風險Theremainingriskisreferredtoastheresidualrisk.這些余下的風險就叫做”剩余風險”Theresidualriskmaybe…….剩余風險可能是….RESIDUALRISKLarge高RESIDUALRISKMedium中RESIDUALRISKSmall低!Nil零29RiskAssessment

風險計算

Tocarryoutasimpleriskassessmentforatask,youneedto…..工作前，進行的風險評估,我們需要…Identifythehazards確認危險Assesstheresidualrisks評估剩余風險Makefinalassessmentanddecidewhethertoproceed.進行最后評估並決定該活動是否應(yīng)該進行Decideontheprecautions決定預(yù)防措施Assessthehazardeffects,probabilityandrisk認出危、它的嚴重性、可能性及風險1234530Howmany?=5531RiskAssessmentTheriskiscalculatedbymultiplyingtheHazardEffectbythe