湖北省武漢市武昌區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題 （ 含答案解析 ）

第21頁(yè)/共21頁(yè)武昌區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度高二年級(jí)期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)本試卷共150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分：聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanwant?A.Anotebook.B.Somestamps.C.Somechange.2.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Adeskclerk.B.Amanager.C.Asecretary.3.Wherewillthespeakersgoforassistance?A.Toahotel.B.Toagasstation.C.Toamarket.4.Whencanthewomangetthecomputers?A.OnTuesday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnThursday.5.WhatdoesKatelikeaboutthefilm?A.Thestory.B.ThemusicC.Thedialogue.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的做答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Howdidthemandothesurvey?A.BypostingitontheInternet.B.Byaskingpeoplesomewhere.C.Bypostingitinthenewspapers.7.Whatdomostpeopleusuallydoafterwork?A.WatchTV.B.Takeawalk.C.Dosomereading.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatwentwrongintheroom?A.Thehangers.B.Thedoorlock.C.Thebedsidelight.9.Howdoesthewomanfeelintheroom?A.Toocold.B.Toohot.C.Toodirty.10.Whatdoesthewomanlikeabouttheroom?A.Theview.B.Thepillow.C.Thetowel.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Buyingahouse.B.Rentingahouse.C.Decoratingahouse.12.Whatisthewomangoingtodointheafternoon?A.Paintthewall.B.Buyasofa.C.Buytwopaintings.13.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutfreshcolors?A.Relaxed.B.Anxious.C.Excited.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Bossandemployee.C.Teacherandstudent.15.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.TravelinLondon.B.GetajobinLondon.C.VisitafriendinLondon.16.WhatdoweknowaboutTed?A.Hehasapropercareer.B.Heisaresearchstudent.C.HehasgraduatedfromOxford.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題.17.WhatisDisney’saddedruleabout?AAgerestriction.B.Timerestriction.C.Placerestriction.18.WhatdidDisneydobeforemakingtherule?A.Theymadeanad.B.Theydidasurvey.C.Theymadeaspeech.19.Whodidthedrownedchildgotherewith?A.Nobody.B.Hisfriends.C.Hisfamily.20.Whendidtheincidenthappen?A.OnSundaymorning.B.OnSundayafternoon.C.OnSundayevening.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ASpectacularWaterfallsintheWorldVictoriaFalls,ZambiaandZimbabweTheyareaccessibleviatheWesternZimbabwetownofthesamename.Thoughtechnicallynotthetallest(107meters),VictoriaFallsiscommonlyknownasthelargestforitsrapidlyfallingwater.Summerscanbehotandtoodrytoseethefallsinfullform,makingthebestviewsbetweenMarchandAugust.IguazuFalls,ArgentinaandBrazilThoughIguazuisonly82meterstall,itscurtainofwaterextendsforover1,600meters.Butiftwostampsinyourpassportaren’tenoughofareason,theseFallsarealsoconsideredthelargestwaterfallsystemintheworld.Thetemperateyear-roundweatheraroundIguazuFallsonlyaddstoitspopularity.NiagaraFalls,NewYorkandOntarioThefallsareimpressivelyhighat99metersbutequallyimpressivelylongstretchingonforwhatfeelslikeforever.WhiletheCanadiansideboastsatouristytowntospendtheweekend,theAmericansidetradesmostlyinnaturalviews.Forblueskiesandhighwaterfallrainbowvisibilityopportunity,visitinsummer.Andwhilethosemakingthetripinthewintershouldn’texpectthefallstofreeze,theyshouldbundleuporriskfreezingthemselves.TheDetianFalls,ChinaandVietnamTheDetianFallsislocatedinDaxinCountyofGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion,crossingtheSino-Vietnameseborder.Theroaringwaterfallisseparatedintothree-tieredfallsbyrocksandtrees,droppingmorethan70meters.Ithasamaximumwidthof200meters.ThewaterfallisthelargestnaturallyformedfallsinSoutheastAsiaandhasbeenidentifiedasatoptouristdestination.1.Whichisthetallestofthefollowingwaterfalls?A.VictoriaFalls B.IguazuFalls C.NiagaraFalls D.TheDetianFalls2.Whatdothelistedwaterfallshaveincommon?A.Theystretchintwocountries. B.TheyshowgoodviewinJuly.C.Theyareover100metersinwidth. D.Theyhavemildyear-roundweather.3.WhatisanattractionofNiagaraFallsuniquetotheCanadianside?A.Thefreezingfallsinwinter B.Thetownappealingtotourists.C.Thevisiblehighwaterfallrainbow. D.Theequallylongandhighwaterfall.【答案】1.A2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)瀑布的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thoughtechnicallynotthetallest(107meters),VictoriaFallsiscommonlyknownasthelargestforitsrapidlyfallingwater.(雖然嚴(yán)格意義上說(shuō)維多利亞瀑布不是最高的（107米），但它以其快速下落的水流而被公認(rèn)為最大的瀑布)”；第二段中“ThoughIguazuisonly82meterstall,itscurtainofwaterextendsforover1,600meters.(雖然伊瓜蘇只有82米高，但它的水幕卻延伸了1600多米)”；第三段中“Thefallsareimpressivelyhighat99metersbutequallyimpressivelylong,stretchingonforwhatfeelslikeforever.(瀑布高達(dá)99米，令人印象深刻，但同樣令人印象深刻的是，瀑布綿延不絕，感覺(jué)就像永遠(yuǎn)一樣)”以及第四段中“Theroaringwaterfallisseparatedintothree-tieredfallsbyrocksandtrees,droppingmorethan70meters.(咆哮的瀑布被巖石和樹(shù)木分隔成三層瀑布，落差超過(guò)70米)”可知，維多利亞瀑布是最高的瀑布。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)四段標(biāo)題“VictoriaFalls,ZambiaandZimbabwe；IguazuFalls,ArgentinaandBrazil；NiagaraFalls,NewYorkandOntario；TheDetianFalls,ChinaandVietnam(維多利亞瀑布，贊比亞和津巴布韋；伊瓜蘇瀑布，阿根廷和巴西；尼亞加拉大瀑布，紐約和安大略；德天瀑布，中國(guó)和越南)”可知，列出的瀑布的共同之處是它們分布在兩個(gè)國(guó)家。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhiletheCanadiansideboastsatouristytowntospendtheweekend,theAmericansidetradesmostlyinnaturalviews.(加拿大那邊有一個(gè)旅游小鎮(zhèn)可以度周末，而美國(guó)那邊主要賣(mài)的是自然景觀)”可知，尼亞加拉大瀑布對(duì)加拿大獨(dú)特的吸引力是城鎮(zhèn)吸引游客。故選B。BFeliciathoughtshesawhimstandingupagainstabuildingacrossthestreetfromthestopwhereshenormallygotoffherstreetcar,downtheblockfromherapartment.Withherheartsuddenlypoundinginherears,sheturnedawayfromthestreetcardoorasitopened.Excusingherselftothepeoplelinedupbehind,shesatdownononeoftheside-facingseatsjustatthefrontacrossfromthedriver.Asthecarstartedupagain,passinghim,shefeltaglimpsefromhimbackbehindher.Itlookedverymuchlikehim.Hishairmaybealittlelongerthanhe’dwornitthelasttimeshe’dseenhim,butthesameattitudeinthewayhestood.EveninthefreezingwinterafternooninSanFrancisco,heonlyworeaT-shirt.Sheknewwhyhewasthere.Hewaswaiting.Waitingforher.Theproblemwasthatsheusedtoseehimeverywhere,evenwhenhermindhadknownthatitwasunlikelytothepointofimpossiblethathecouldgetoutandfindher.She’dbeeninwitnessprotection.Nooneevenknewwhereshe’dlivedbackthen.Hencetherewasnowaythatitcouldhappen.Buttoday?Mostoftheothertimesshecametorealize,whoevershesawremindedherofhim.Buttodaywasallhim,notacollectionofsimilarpartsthat,inherterror,shecouldimagineintothemonsterthathewas.Atthenextstopshestoodagain,deciding.Shegotoffintotheneighborhoodandheardthestreetcardoorclosebehindherandthenthebrakesreleaseandthenthescrapingsoundasitmovedahead.Shedidnotliketospendextramoney,buthemightstillbetherehidingandifhesawher,hemight…Shecouldnotimagine.No.Shecouldimagine.SoshewentintoStarbucksandorderedacoffee.Thefirstsipburnedhertongue,andthepainseemedtobreaksomethingwithinher.Howcouldhehavefoundher?Monster!Shethought.Thelife-destroyingmonster.Inhermind,shewaseighteenagain.4.WhatdidFeliciadowhenshefoundthemanstandingupagainstabuilding?A.Sheranawayatonce. B.ShegotoffthestreetcarC.Sheremainedinthestreetcar. D.Shelinedupbehindthepeople.5.HowdidFeliciafeelwhenthemanappeared?A.Disappointed. B.Amazed. C.Guilty. D.Alarmed.6.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheman?A.HelivedveryclosetoFelicia. B.Heoncecommittedaseverecrime.C.HewantedtogetintouchwithFelicia. D.Hehaschangedalotsincetheirfirstmeeting.7.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Whatwouldbecomeoftheman. B.WhyFeliciarecalledherteenagelife.C.HowthemanmanagedtofindFelicia. D.WhathappenedbetweenFeliciaandtheman.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個(gè)男人一直在跟蹤Felicia，對(duì)此Felicia感到恐懼?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Withherheartsuddenlypoundinginherears,sheturnedawayfromthestreetcardoorasitopened.Excusingherselftothepeoplelinedupbehind,shesatdownononeoftheside-facingseatsjustatthefrontacrossfromthedriver.(當(dāng)有軌電車(chē)車(chē)門(mén)打開(kāi)時(shí)，她的心突然怦怦直跳，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去。她向后面排著隊(duì)的人道了聲歉，在司機(jī)對(duì)面的前排座位上坐了下來(lái))”可知，當(dāng)Felicia發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)男人站在一幢建筑物旁邊時(shí)，她留在電車(chē)?yán)铩９蔬xC。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Withherheartsuddenlypoundinginherears,sheturnedawayfromthestreetcardoorasitopened.(當(dāng)有軌電車(chē)車(chē)門(mén)打開(kāi)時(shí)，她的心突然怦怦直跳，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去)”以及第六段“Buttodaywasallhim,notacollectionofsimilarpartsthat,inherterror,shecouldimagineintothemonsterthathewas.(但今天的一切都是他，而不是她在恐懼中想象出來(lái)的他這個(gè)怪物的相似部分的集合)”可推知，當(dāng)那個(gè)男人出現(xiàn)時(shí)，F(xiàn)elicia感到恐懼。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“She’dbeeninwitnessprotection.(她一直處于證人保護(hù)計(jì)劃中)”推知，這個(gè)男人曾經(jīng)犯過(guò)罪。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inhermind,shewaseighteenagain.(在她心中，她又回到了18歲)”推知，接下來(lái)要講為什么Felicia想起了她的青少年生活。故選B。CFormonthsnow,ourroutineshavebeeninterruptedandwe’vebeenforcedtoadapt.Reportedly,onemajorconsequenceisastateofmentaltiredness.Itfeelsasifwe’reallinastateofconstantdistraction.“ItfeltlikeIhadamentalblockpreventingmefromfocusingonthepage,”saysSophieVershbow,whorecognizedthemoodearlyinthepandemic(流行病)whenhertweetabout“notbeingabletoconcentrateenoughtoreadabook”waslikedmorethan2,000times.Formanypeople,especiallyworkingparents,thesuddenswitchtohomeworkinghasmeantaconflictbetweenworkandlife.It’strickytofocusonadocumentasyourkidswrestlefortheTVremotecontrol.Butevenwhenworkisfinishedforthedayandthekidsareinbed,it’shardtofindanyfocustoescapeintoanovelorbox-set.ApsychologicaltheorycalledCognitiveLoadTheory(CLT)mighthelpexplainwhylivingintheageofCOVID-19mayhaveturnedourmindstosoup.Putsimply,CLTcharacterizesourmindsasinformationprocessingsystems.Whenwe’reworkingonaproblem,especiallyanunfamiliarone,wedependonour“workingmemory”,whichisverylimitedbothinitscapacityandthelengthoftimeitholdsinformation.Thelessfamiliaryouarewithatask,themoreyoudependonyourworkingmemorytohelpdealwiththerelevantinformation;incontrast,whenyou’reanexpert,mostofwhatyouneedtoknowisstoredinlong-termmemoryandyoucancompletethetaskautomatically.SoCOVID-19hasrobbedyouoftheabilitytodothingsonauto.Takeaworkmeetingforexample,before,youwouldjusthaveturnedupandjoinedinthediscussion,butnowifyou’reworkingremotelyyouhavetofireupyourvideo-conferencingsoftware,worryaboutyourWi-Fiandsoon.Thesameappliestodomesticchallengestoo,likeorderingyourgroceriesonlineinsteadofshoppinginperson.Theseadaptationsforceyououtofauto-pilotanddrawonyourlimitedworkingmemorycapacity.8.WhatistheresultofCOVID-19mentionedinthetext?A.Beingwornoutmentally. B.Drawingonlineattention.C.Lackofinterestinreading D.Stickingtotheoldroutines.9.WhatcanweknowabouttheparentsinParagraph3?A.TheywrestlewithchildrenfortheTVremotecontrol.B.Theycanstrikeabalancebetweenworkandlife.C.Theyenjoynoformofentertainment.D.Theyfindithardtoconcentrate.10.WhatturnsourmindstosoupwhilelivingintheCOVID-19age?A.Beinginterruptedbyourkids.B.Thedeclineofourmemorycapacity.C.Beingoccupiedwithnewdailyroutines.D.Theindependenceofourworkingmemory.11.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Newsituation,newsolution B.CLTaccountsfornewchallengesC.NewlifeintheageofCOVID-19 D.Adjustyourselftoworkingonline【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者介紹了新冠疫情下，人們難以適應(yīng)日常生活，也分析了為什么難以適應(yīng)，生活一團(tuán)亂的原因。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Reportedly,onemajorconsequenceisastateofmentaltiredness.(據(jù)報(bào)道，其中一個(gè)主要后果是精神疲勞)”可知，精神疲勞是后果之一。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二三句“It’strickytofocusonadocumentasyourkidswrestlefortheTVremotecontrol.Butevenwhenworkisfinishedforthedayandthekidsareinbed,it’shardtofindanyfocustoescapeintoanovelorbox-set.(當(dāng)你的孩子為爭(zhēng)奪電視遙控器而摔跤時(shí)，專(zhuān)注于一份文件是很難的。但是，即使一天的工作結(jié)束了，孩子們都在床上，也很難找專(zhuān)注于小說(shuō)或電視機(jī))”可知，父母很難在家中集中注意力做一件事。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)四段第三四句“Whenwe’reworkingonaproblem,especiallyanunfamiliarone,wedependonour“workingmemory”,whichisverylimitedbothinitscapacityandthelengthoftimeitholdsinformation.Thelessfamiliaryouarewithatask,themoreyoudependonyourworkingmemorytohelpdealwiththerelevantinformation(當(dāng)我們?cè)谔幚硪粋€(gè)問(wèn)題，特別是一個(gè)不熟悉的問(wèn)題時(shí)，我們依賴于我們的“工作記憶”，它的容量和存儲(chǔ)信息的時(shí)間都非常有限。你對(duì)任務(wù)越不熟悉，就越依賴工作記憶來(lái)幫助處理相關(guān)信息)”可知，不熟悉的事情越多，我們就越依賴工作記憶，而工作記憶很有限在，這就導(dǎo)致我們的生活一團(tuán)亂。故可推測(cè)是新冠帶給我們太多未曾體驗(yàn)過(guò)的新鮮事物，這讓我們生活面臨困境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Itfeelsasifwe’reallinastateofconstantdistraction.(感覺(jué)好像我們都處于一種不斷分心的狀態(tài))”可知，本文主要討論新冠期間，我們生活面臨的新挑戰(zhàn)：分心；從第三段第一句“ApsychologicaltheorycalledCognitiveLoadTheory(CLT)mighthelpexplainwhylivingintheageofCOVID-19mayhaveturnedourmindstosoup.(一種被稱為認(rèn)知負(fù)荷理論的心理學(xué)理論可能有助于解釋為什么生活在新冠肺炎時(shí)代會(huì)讓我們的思想處于困境之中)”可知，心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為CLT是導(dǎo)致分心的原因。故選項(xiàng)B“CLTaccountsfornewchallenges(CLT是這種挑戰(zhàn)出現(xiàn)的原因)”包含全文兩方面主要內(nèi)容，符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。DSecretparentingcanstartasearlyaspregnancy.Researchshowsthatsomewomenhidetheirpregnancies,especiallyinrolesinwhichtheyfeeltheyhavetocompetewithmenanddon’twanttorevealanythingthatmight“getintheway”ofwork.Workingwomenoftenfeeltheneedtogo“aboveandbeyond”normalstandardsduringpregnancy.Itcontinuesafterbirth.Womenreportwantingtohidetheirbreastfeedingatworkbecauseitisforbidden,anddoingsoissuchanobvioussexualdifferencethathighlightstheirnewstatusasmothers.Therearedozensofstoriesaboutwomenfeelingforcedtoprovetheycanstillworkovertimeevenwhentheirchildrenareillaswellasthosewhopurposelydon’tsharephotosoftheirchildrenortalkaboutthematall.Thatwomenfeeltheneedtobehavethiswayisnosurprise.Mothershavelongbeenseenaslesscommittedandlesscompetentinaworkenvironment.Theyarepassedoverforpromotionswithgreaterfrequencythanfathers,andarelesslikelytobehiredthannon-mothers.Whenflexibilityisavailable,thosewhouseitfaceprejudiceandaremorelikelytobeclassifiedintoroleswithlessresponsibility.Weknowthegenderpaygapwidensafterchildbirth;salariesofworkingmothersdeclineforeachchildawomanhas.Thisisbecauseworkplacesarestructuredaroundmenratherthanwomen,andstillhaveanimageofthe“idealworker”:anemployeewhoalwaysputsworkfirst.“Anythingthatsignalsotherwisediminishesyouintheeyesofyouremployers,”saysDanielCarlsonoftheUniversityofUtah.Thenthere’sthefixedideathatwomenaremorecapableinthedomesticarea,menintheoffice,whichstillhasasignificantimpactonhowweframepaidworkandfamilylife.“It’sunderstandablethatwomenfeelthiscontinuouswork/familyconflictbecausewe’reaskingtheimpossible.Womenhaveenteredthepaidlaborforce,butwehavenotseenthechangesinmenathometopickupmoreofthedomesticwork,”saysCaitlynCollinsofWashingtonUniversity.12.Whydosomewomenhidepregnancies?A.Becausetheyhavetoworkovertime.B.Becausetheyhatetotalkaboutchildren.C.Becausetheywanttokeepcompetitiveinwork.D.Becausetheyhopetoreachthepeakoftheircareers.13.Whatwillbeaffectedforaworkingmother?A.Herloveforherchildren. B.Herchancesofbeingpromoted.C.Herrelationshipwithco-workers. D.Hercapacityforcopingwithhousework.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishes”inParagraph4mean?A.Strengthens. B.Restricts. C.Ignores. D.Weakens.15.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Torevealaphenomenonintheworkplace. B.Topraisewomen’sworkintheworkplace.C.Toappealforsexualequalityinprofession. D.Toproposeasolutiontowork/familyconflict.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了研究顯示，一些女性會(huì)隱瞞自己的懷孕情況，尤其是在那些覺(jué)得必須與男性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的職位上，她們不想透露任何可能“妨礙”工作的事情。這一情況會(huì)在孩子出生后繼續(xù)存在。分析了背后的原因?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Researchshowsthatsomewomenhidetheirpregnancies,especiallyinrolesinwhichtheyfeeltheyhavetocompetewithmenanddon’twanttorevealanythingthatmight“getintheway”ofwork.(研究顯示，一些女性會(huì)隱瞞自己的懷孕情況，尤其是在那些覺(jué)得必須與男性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的職位上，她們不想透露任何可能“妨礙”工作的事情)”可知，有些女性會(huì)隱瞞懷孕是因?yàn)樗齻兿朐诠ぷ髦斜３指?jìng)爭(zhēng)力。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Mothershavelongbeenseenaslesscommittedandlesscompetentinaworkenvironment.Theyarepassedoverforpromotionswithgreaterfrequencythanfathers,andarelesslikelytobehiredthannon-mothers.(長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，人們一直認(rèn)為母親在工作環(huán)境中責(zé)任感較低，能力較差。她們比父親更頻繁地錯(cuò)過(guò)晉升機(jī)會(huì)，也比非母親更不可能被錄用)”可知，有工作的母親被提升的機(jī)會(huì)會(huì)受到影響。故選B?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thisisbecauseworkplacesarestructuredaroundmenratherthanwomen,andstillhaveanimageofthe“idealworker”:anemployeewhoalwaysputsworkfirst.(這是因?yàn)楣ぷ鲌?chǎng)所以男性而非女性為中心，仍然有“理想員工”的形象：永遠(yuǎn)把工作放在第一位的員工)”可知，工作場(chǎng)所中重視永遠(yuǎn)把工作放在第一位的員工，所以任何與此相反的信號(hào)都會(huì)讓你的形象在雇主眼中被削弱。故劃線詞意思是“削弱”。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Secretparentingcanstartasearlyaspregnancy.Researchshowsthatsomewomenhidetheirpregnancies,especiallyinrolesinwhichtheyfeeltheyhavetocompetewithmenanddon’twanttorevealanythingthatmight“getintheway”ofwork.Workingwomenoftenfeeltheneedtogo“aboveandbeyond”normalstandardsduringpregnancy.(秘密養(yǎng)育可以從懷孕時(shí)就開(kāi)始。研究顯示，一些女性會(huì)隱瞞自己的懷孕情況，尤其是在那些覺(jué)得必須與男性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的職位上，她們不想透露任何可能“妨礙”工作的事情。職業(yè)女性在懷孕期間經(jīng)常感到有必要“超出”正常標(biāo)準(zhǔn))”可推知，這篇文章的目的是揭示工作場(chǎng)所的一種現(xiàn)象。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Literatureisnotpractical,especiallytheclassicliteraryworks.Theyareold,andsimplyrelicsoftime.Certainlytheywillnothelpusfindabetterjoborguideustomakemoremoneyinthefuture.___16___Butwhyshouldwelearnit?OurancientmasterConfuciussaidthatasuperiormanshouldnotbeapracticalutensil.Wereadnottomakemoneybuttobeabetterperson.___17___Literatureistherecordofhumanhistory.Allhumanexperienceinhistoryhasbeenrecordedinliterature.Thesweetestlove,themostheartbrokenbetrayal,thecruelestwar,thehardeststruggle,thejoyfullaughterandthemiserablecry,themostpreciousfriendshipandthemostfiercehatred.___18___Readingitmakesusafullman.Literaturecanmakeuswise,sincewemaytakegoodlessonsfromit.Readingagoodbookisliketalkingtoawiseman,letalonethegreatjoythatabookmaybringtousinloneliness.Evenifyoudenythesetwopurposes,howmanyofyouhavecitedaboutbeautifullovepoemsindating?___19___WhenstandinginfrontoftheshelvesofbooksinEnglishliterature,whicharethemostvaluableonesweshoulddigest?Firstly,weneedtoknowwhothemostimportantwritersareandwhattheirimportantliteraryworksare.___20___Finally,weneedtolearntoformourownliterarytaste,toknowwhatagoodliteraryworkislikeandwhatanordinaryonemightbe.Weshalllearntoappreciatetheliterarinessofit,thebeautyofthelanguage,thewitinthestructure,theinspirationofthestoryandetc.A.Literaturebringsusdelight.B.Nonethatyoucan’tfindinliterature.C.Itseemsthatliteraturehasnouseatall.D.Readingliteraturecanserveseveralpurposes.E.Enteringtheworldofliteratureislikewalkingintoalibrary.F.Inaddition,weshouldaskwhichoneswecansimplytasteorswallow.G.Secondly,weneedtoknowhowtheliteraryworksreflectsocietyandtheculture.【答案】16.C17.D18.B19.E20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了閱讀文學(xué)的幾個(gè)目的。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Literatureisnotpractical,especiallytheclassicliteraryworks.Theyareold,andsimplyrelicsoftime.Certainlytheywillnothelpusfindabetterjoborguideustomakemoremoneyinthefuture.(文學(xué)是不實(shí)用的，尤其是經(jīng)典的文學(xué)作品。它們很古老，只是時(shí)間的遺物。當(dāng)然，他們不會(huì)幫助我們找到更好的工作或指導(dǎo)我們?cè)谖磥?lái)賺更多的錢(qián))”可知，上文提到文學(xué)不實(shí)用，不會(huì)幫助我們找到更好的工作或指導(dǎo)我們?cè)谖磥?lái)賺更多的錢(qián)。由此推知，文學(xué)似乎一點(diǎn)用都沒(méi)有。故C選項(xiàng)“文學(xué)似乎一點(diǎn)用都沒(méi)有”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“OurancientmasterConfuciussaidthatasuperiormanshouldnotbeapracticalutensil.Wereadnottomakemoneybuttobeabetterperson.(我們古代的孔子說(shuō)過(guò)，君子不應(yīng)是實(shí)用的器具。我們讀書(shū)不是為了賺錢(qián)，而是為了成為一個(gè)更好的人)”可知，上文提到閱讀是為了成為更好的人，本句為本段最后一句，且后文陳述了閱讀文學(xué)的兩個(gè)目的，由此推知，空處指出閱讀文學(xué)有幾個(gè)目的。故D選項(xiàng)“閱讀文學(xué)作品有幾個(gè)目的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Literatureistherecordofhumanhistory.Allhumanexperienceinhistoryhasbeenrecordedinliterature.Thesweetestlove,themostheartbrokenbetrayal,thecruelestwar,thehardeststruggle,thejoyfullaughterandthemiserablecry,themostpreciousfriendshipandthemostfiercehatred.(文學(xué)是人類(lèi)歷史的記錄。人類(lèi)歷史上的一切經(jīng)驗(yàn)都記錄在文學(xué)作品中。最甜蜜的愛(ài)情，最心碎的背叛，最殘酷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，最艱苦的斗爭(zhēng)，歡樂(lè)的歡笑和痛苦的哭泣，最珍貴的友誼和最猛烈的仇恨)”可知，很多東西都能在文學(xué)里找到。故B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有你在文學(xué)作品中找不到的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“WhenstandinginfrontoftheshelvesofbooksinEnglishliterature,whicharethemostvaluableonesweshoulddigest?Firstly,weneedtoknowwhothemostimportantwritersareandwhattheirimportantliteraryworksare.(當(dāng)我們站在英國(guó)文學(xué)的書(shū)架前，哪一本是我們最應(yīng)該消化的？首先，我們需要知道誰(shuí)是最重要的作家，他們的重要文學(xué)作品是什么)”后文提到了書(shū)架，可知本句與圖書(shū)館的內(nèi)容有關(guān)，故E選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)入文學(xué)世界就像走進(jìn)圖書(shū)館”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Firstly,weneedtoknowwhothemostimportantwritersareandwhattheirimportantliteraryworksare.(首先，我們需要知道誰(shuí)是最重要的作家，他們的重要文學(xué)作品是什么)”和下文“Finally,weneedtolearntoformourownliterarytaste,toknowwhatagoodliteraryworkislikeandwhatanordinaryonemightbe.(最后，我們要學(xué)會(huì)形成自己的文學(xué)品味，知道什么是好的文學(xué)作品，什么是普通的文學(xué)作品)”可知，上文為第一點(diǎn)，下文為最后一點(diǎn)，由此推知，本句應(yīng)當(dāng)是第二點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，故G選項(xiàng)“第二，我們需要知道文學(xué)作品是如何反映社會(huì)和文化的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。第三部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)：完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。FrancisKéréisthefirstAfricantowinthePritzkerPrize,knownastheNobelPrizeofarchitecture.However,hisjourneytothepeakofhisfieldwasfarfrom___21___.Growingupinavillagewheretherewasnokindergarten,hewas___22___intoanextremelyhotclassroomwithover100studentsuntilsevenyearsold.Thisexperienceofpoorbuildingfacilitieswashisearliest___23___toimprovetheeducationallivesoflocalchildren,usingarchitecture.Hisearlyreputationcameinhelping___24___aschoolinhisvillageaftergraduatingfromcollege.He___25___thewholevillagetoprovideideasanddrewthe___26___onsandforalltosee.___27___,heinvolvedtheminconstructingtheschool,usinglocalwoodandlocalclay(黏土).Theresultoftheirhardworkwasawelcomingstructurewitha“floating”roofthat___28___ventilation(通風(fēng))inahotclimateandwallopeningsthatbring___29___forstudentstolearnevenwithoutelectricity.Heshowedthevillagersthatideasto_____30_____climateorotherchallengesarealwaysathand.Inthisprocess,localpeoplelearned_____31_____skillsthattheycouldlaterusetofindwork.Bycooperatingwiththem,Kéré_____32_____theideathatclimatesolutionsstartedwithbiginstitutions.He_____33_____thateveryonecouldcontributetoaddressingthemajorissuesrelatedtoeducationandclimateand_____34_____aglobalimpactbyactinglocally.Adoptedbyarchitectsindozensofcountries,his_____35_____isrootedinthe“unique”aspectsofeachcommunitynow.21.A.straightforward B.frustrating C.professional D.reliable22.A.tricked B.crowded C.persuaded D.accompanied23.A.commitment B.foundation C.qualification D.motive24.A.design B.donate C.restore D.reform25.A.reminded B.entitled C.commanded D.encouraged26.A.plot B.draft C.sample D.clue27.A.Merely B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Moreover28.A.blocks B.affects C.allows D.conveys29.A.hope B.light C.desire D.imagination30.A.findout B.bringon C.dealwith D.leaveoff31.A.practical B.physical C.educational D.commercial32.A.challenged B.declared C.formed D.promoted33.A.denied B.suspected C.guaranteed D.demonstrated34.A.receive B.access C.generate D.witness35.A.patent B.expectation C.innovation D.regulation【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.A25.D26.B27.D28.C29.B30.C31.A32.A33.D34.C35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。介紹非洲著名建筑師Kéré的故事。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的巔峰之旅遠(yuǎn)非一帆風(fēng)順。A.straightforward簡(jiǎn)單明了的；B.frustrating令人泄氣的；C.professional專(zhuān)業(yè)的；D.reliable可信賴的。根據(jù)下文“Growingupinavillagewheretherewasnokindergarten（在一個(gè)沒(méi)有幼兒園的村莊長(zhǎng)大）”可知，F(xiàn)rancisKéré出生貧寒，因此可推測(cè)他的建筑領(lǐng)域之路坎坷崎嶇，并非一帆風(fēng)順。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他在一個(gè)沒(méi)有幼兒園的村莊長(zhǎng)大，直到7歲，他才被擠在一間酷熱的教室里，教室里有100多名學(xué)生。A.tricked欺騙；B.crowded擠滿；C.persuaded說(shuō)服；D.accompanied陪伴。根據(jù)下文“withover100students（有100多名學(xué)生）”可知，一個(gè)教室容納一百多個(gè)學(xué)生，教室里面應(yīng)該是人擠人。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)歷過(guò)這種糟糕的建筑設(shè)施，是他想利用建筑改善當(dāng)?shù)貎和逃畹淖钤鐒?dòng)機(jī)。A.commitment忠誠(chéng)，承諾；B.foundation基礎(chǔ)；C.qualification資格；D.motive動(dòng)機(jī)。根據(jù)上文“hisearliest（他最早的）”可知，此處描述他為何開(kāi)始想要學(xué)習(xí)建筑的原因在于幼年糟糕的體驗(yàn)，即動(dòng)機(jī)來(lái)源于此。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他早年的名聲來(lái)自于大學(xué)畢業(yè)后在村里幫助設(shè)計(jì)的一所學(xué)校。A.design設(shè)計(jì)；B.donate捐獻(xiàn)；C.restore修復(fù)；D.reform改革。根據(jù)上文“toimprovetheeducationallivesoflocalchildren,usingarchitecture（利用建筑改善當(dāng)?shù)貎和逃睿笨芍纳苾和逃畹姆绞绞墙ㄖ?，及設(shè)計(jì)更合適的建筑。故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他鼓勵(lì)全村人提供想法，并在沙子上繪制草圖，讓所有人都能看到。A.reminded提醒；B.entitled使符合資格；C.commanded控制；D.encouraged鼓勵(lì)。根據(jù)下文“toprovideideas（提供想法）”和“Theresultoftheirhardworkwasawelcomingstructurewitha“floating”roof（他們努力工作的結(jié)果是，一個(gè)受歡迎的帶有“浮動(dòng)”屋頂?shù)慕ㄖ笨芍茰y(cè)村民們提出了自己的想法，而他們之所以能提出想法，應(yīng)該是得到了FrancisKéré的鼓勵(lì)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他鼓勵(lì)全村人提供想法，并在沙子上繪制草圖，讓所有人都能看到。A.plot情節(jié)；B.draft草稿；C.sample樣品；D.clue線索。根據(jù)上文“toprovideideasanddrew（提供想法并且畫(huà)出）”可知，要修建房子，畫(huà)的肯定是所提出想法的草圖。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，他還讓他們參與建造學(xué)校，使用當(dāng)?shù)氐哪静暮驼惩痢.Merely僅僅；B.Otherwise否則；C.Therefore因此；D.Moreover此外。根據(jù)上文“Heencouragedthewholevillagetoprovideideasanddrewthedraftonsandforalltosee.（他鼓勵(lì)全村人提供想法，并在沙子上繪制草圖，讓所有人都能看到。）”可知，他已經(jīng)讓村民們參與想法和草圖制作，本句中還讓他們參與實(shí)際的建造，與上文存在遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們努力工作的結(jié)果是建造了一個(gè)令人歡迎的建筑，它有一個(gè)“漂浮”的屋頂，可以在炎熱的氣候中通風(fēng)，墻壁開(kāi)口可以為學(xué)生提供光，即使沒(méi)有電也可以學(xué)習(xí)。A.blocks妨礙，堵塞；B.affects影響；C.allows允許；D.conveys傳送。根據(jù)上文“a“floating”roof（一個(gè)“漂浮”的屋頂）”可知，因?yàn)槲蓓斒瞧〉?，為通風(fēng)提供了便利，即允許更好的通風(fēng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們努力工作的結(jié)果是建造了一個(gè)令人歡迎的結(jié)構(gòu)，它有一個(gè)“漂浮”的屋頂，可以在炎熱的氣候中通風(fēng)，墻壁開(kāi)口可以為學(xué)生提供光，即使沒(méi)有電也可以學(xué)習(xí)。A.hope希望；B.light光線；C.desire渴望；D.imagination想象。根據(jù)下文“tolearnevenwithoutelectricity（在沒(méi)電的情況下學(xué)習(xí)）”可知，這個(gè)學(xué)校的建筑能提供充足自然光。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意：他向村民們展示了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候或其他挑戰(zhàn)的想法。A.findout發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.bringon引起；C.dealwith應(yīng)對(duì)；D.leaveoff停止。根據(jù)上文“allowventilation(通風(fēng))inahotclimate（可以在炎熱的氣候中通風(fēng)）”可知，這個(gè)在大家的想法中成型的建筑克服了氣候因素等帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)，即說(shuō)明了一個(gè)道理：應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的想法在我們手中。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，村民們學(xué)到了實(shí)用的技能，之后找工作時(shí)他們能夠把這些技能用上。A.practical實(shí)用的；B.physical