閱讀理解-推理判斷課件

閱讀理解主要考查形式主要有四大類(lèi)：1．事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。2．主旨大意題。3．詞義猜測(cè)題。4．推理判斷題。閱讀理解主要考查形式主要有四大類(lèi)：1．事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。21英語(yǔ)閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái)，而是要求閱讀者根據(jù)字面意思，通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義，這就是判斷推理題。判斷推理題在閱讀測(cè)試中屬于難題。因此，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，哲學(xué)原理，并借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析，推理，判斷。

英語(yǔ)閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái)，而是要2五年高考全國(guó)卷推理判斷題量統(tǒng)計(jì)表2006全國(guó)Ⅱ2007全國(guó)Ⅰ2008全國(guó)Ⅰ2009全國(guó)Ⅰ2010全國(guó)Ⅱ推理判斷題量77578推理判斷題量在近5年中相對(duì)穩(wěn)定五年高考全國(guó)卷推理判斷題量統(tǒng)計(jì)表200620072008231.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題2.知識(shí)推斷題5.作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題6.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題7.文章出處/來(lái)源推斷題推理判斷8.預(yù)測(cè)想象推斷題4.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題1.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題2.知識(shí)推斷題5.作4

1.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題解答此類(lèi)題,關(guān)鍵是要善于捕捉有關(guān)數(shù)字的信息,然后在透徹理解原文的字面意義和題意的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用自己的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí),對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析、推算,從而得出正確的結(jié)論。技巧: 1.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題解答此類(lèi)題,關(guān)鍵是要善于5Shakespeare’sBirthplaceandExhibitionofShakespeare’sWorld……TheBirthplaceiswithineasywalkingdistanceofallthecarparksshownonthemap:nearestisWindsorStreet(3minutes’Walk)……Q:Howmuchistheadmissionforafamilyoftwogrown-upsandtwochildren?A.￡9.80 B.￡12.00 C.￡14.20 D.￡16.40Example1:2010年全國(guó)Ⅰ,A篇

☆Shakespeare’sBirthpla6BelowaresomeclassifiedadsfromanEnglishnewspaper.classifiedadsFORDIRECTCLASSIFIEDSERVICECALL800-055710A.M.-4P.M.MONDAY-FRIDAYFORSALECOMEtoourmovingsale---Plants,pottery,books,clothes,etc,Sat,Dec.14th---9a.m.-5p.m.1612Ferndale,Apt.1,800-4696.USEDFURCOATSandJACKETS.GOODcondition.$30-$50.Call800-0436after12noon.MOVING:Mustsell.TV21”,$50;AM/FMradioA/Corbattery,$15;cassettetaperecorder,$10.CallJonorPat,800-0793after5p.m.orweekends.SHEEPSKINCOAT:man’s,size42,1yearold.$85.After6p.m.,800-5224.……Q:Asecond-handjacketwillprobablycostyou______.A.$60 B.$40 C.$20 D.$10Example2:2009年浙江,B篇☆Belowaresomeclassifiedads72.

知識(shí)推斷題解答此類(lèi)題，不僅需要我們有一定的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)常識(shí)，而且還需要對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識(shí)有一個(gè)充分的理解。知識(shí)推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原義的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。知識(shí)推斷題一般都是針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)。技巧:2.知識(shí)推斷題解答此類(lèi)題，不僅需要我們有一8Tokyo:Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire(藍(lán)寶石)worthnearlysixhundredthousanddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apoliceofficialsaid.Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbitten(咬)byoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.Medicinewasbeingkeptreadyatanearbyhospital.……Q:Thejewelswasbeingshownin______.A.anIndianhotel B.anIndianmuseum C.aJapanesehotel D.aJapanesemuseumExample3:全國(guó)☆Tokyo:Threesnakes,whosepoi93.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題解答這類(lèi)題的前提是首先獲得短文的主題思想或列舉的具體事實(shí)，然后按題意的要求進(jìn)行推斷。邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。技巧:3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題解答這類(lèi)題的前提是首先獲10Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,“Areyousingle?”“Why,yes.”Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother.”shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?”Q:Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause______.A.shelivednearhishouse B.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhim D.shelovedhimverymuchExample4:☆Whentheyoungwaitres11OnceNapoleonstayedinasmallinn(旅館).…………“Please,sir.”beggedtheinnkeeper,“Don'tkillus!Wemeantnothing!”Thesoldiersmovedback.Theinnkeepersawthemraisingtheirguns.ThenNapoleoncalled:“Ready!Aim!”Thewifescreamed.“Stop!”saidNapoleon.Hewenttotheinnkeeper,“Now,youknowtheanswertothequestionyouaskedmejustnow,don’tyou?”Q:WhydidNapoleonorderedhismentotiethecouple?Becausehewantedtoteachtheinnkeeperagoodlessonforbotheringhim.B.Becausehewantedtokillthecoupletogetridofhisanger.C.Becausehewantedtoshowthathewassoadmiringageneralthatnobodycouldupsethim.D.Becausehewantedtomadetheinnkeeperknowthatagenerallikehimhadthesamefeelingastheordinarypeopleinfaceofdanger.Example5:☆OnceNapoleonstayedi124.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題1.文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息2.文章中無(wú)關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論3.與文章內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論4.不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。

干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn):4.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題1.文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息134.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。2.要忠實(shí)原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。3.注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。技巧:4.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思14Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.A.veryclean B.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortable D.dirtyandfullofinsectsExample6:☆Onedayamanwalkedi15Sincemyretirement(退休)fromteachingmusicin2001,Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist…….Inanycase,Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes(風(fēng)景畫(huà))muchinfluenced（影響）byKrenkelandSt.Johnforfiveyears.……butassoonasIwalkedoutoftheschooldoorforthelasttimeIpickedupmybrushesandrediscoveredAndrewWyeth,whoquicklybecamemyfavoriteartist.……SoIpaintedlandscapesaroundMinnesotaforthreeyearsandtriedoutmanyothertypesofpainting.…………AsConfuciusoncesaid,“AtseventyIcanfollowmyheart’sdesire.”71.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthor______.A.hadbeentaughtbyKrenkelandSt.John B.paintedlandscapesinMinnesotafor5yearsC.believedWyethtobethebestinwatercolors D.startedhisretirementlifeattheageofseventyExample7:2006年全國(guó)Ⅰ,D篇☆Sincemyretirement(退165.

作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度題考查目標(biāo)比較明確，題干一般都含有accordingtothewriter/author,attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard等詞或短語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)題目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)的態(tài)度外，有的還考查作者對(duì)具體的某個(gè)人或事物的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià)。如作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是中立/猶豫不定，對(duì)記敘或描寫(xiě)的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。5.作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度175.

作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:1.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards…?2.Whatistheopinionofthewriterinthispassage?3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“…”?4.Fromthe…paragraph,whatdoyouthinktheauthorwantstotellus?5.Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against.6.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree？

5.作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:1.What’185.

作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn):1.是自己的某種看法或觀點(diǎn)2.是社會(huì)的一種普遍種傾向3.是與本文無(wú)關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點(diǎn)或看法等技巧:問(wèn)全文主體事物的(包括主題)，可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞確定作者的態(tài)度；2.如果問(wèn)的是對(duì)某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。5.作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn):1.是自己的某種19LastweekmyyoungestsonandIvisitedmyfatherathisnewhomeinTucson,Arizona.Hemovedthereafewyearsago,andIwaseagertoseehisnewplaceandmeethisfriends.……Onthefirstdayofmyvisit,wewentoutwithoneofmyfather’sfriendsforlunchatanoutdoorcafé.Wetalkedalongthatafternoon,didsomeshopping,ateonthestreettable,andlaughedovermyson’sfunnyfacialexpressions.Gonewasmyfather’scritical(挑剔的)airandstrictrules.WhowasthispersonIknewasmyfather,whoseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound?Whathadheldhimbackbefore?……Q:WhatdoestheauthorthinkofherfatherafterhervisittoTucson?A.Morecritical B.Moretalkative C.Gentleandfriendly D.Strictandhard-working.Example8:2008年全國(guó)Ⅰ,A篇☆Lastweekmyyoungest20Askids,myfriendsandIspentalotoftimeoutinthewoods.“Thewoods”wasourpart-timeaddress,destination,purpose,andexcuse.………Itwasinatree,too,thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend.Bythensomeofushasreachedseventhgradeandhadbeguntheroughrideofadolescence(青春期).InMarch,themonthwhenweusuallytooktothewoodsagainafterwinter,twofriendsandIsetouttogoexploring.Weclimbedatree,andallofasuddenitoccurredtoallthreeofusatthesametimethatwereallywereratherbigtobeupinatree.SoontherewouldbethespringdancesonFridayeveningsinthehighschoolcafeteria.Q:Howdoestheauthorfeelabouthischildhood?A.Happybutshort. B.Lonelybutmemorable.C.Boringandmeaningless. D.Longandunforgettable.Example9:2008年天津,E篇☆A(yù)skids,myfriendsan216.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:考查整篇文章:Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto______.2.Thewriter’spurposeofwritingthispassageisto______.3.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?4.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto______.6.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:考查整篇文章:The226.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:考查某處細(xì)節(jié):Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat______.2.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.3..…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto______.6.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:考查某處細(xì)節(jié):The236.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作目的:不同的文章可能有不同的寫(xiě)作目的,但寫(xiě)作目的通常有以下三種:1.toamuse/entertainreaders(娛樂(lè)讀者)2.topersuadereaderstosellaproductoraservice(說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)/某樣?xùn)|西）3.toinformreaders(告知讀者某些信息)6.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作目的:不246.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題技巧:這種寫(xiě)作目的常見(jiàn)于故事類(lèi)的文章。

1.toamuse/entertainreaders2.topersuadereaderstosellaproductoraservice

這種主要是通過(guò)對(duì)旅游景點(diǎn)﹑報(bào)刊雜志﹑影片﹑電視節(jié)目等的介紹來(lái)達(dá)到寫(xiě)作目的:吸引更多的游客﹑讀者或訂戶(hù)﹑觀眾或者推銷(xiāo)產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)等6.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題技巧:這種寫(xiě)作目的常見(jiàn)于故事類(lèi)的文256.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題技巧:3.toinformreaders這種寫(xiě)作目的多見(jiàn)于科普類(lèi)﹑新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)﹑文化類(lèi)或社會(huì)類(lèi)的文章。了解這類(lèi)文章的寫(xiě)作目的有賴(lài)于對(duì)文章主題的正確把握，閱讀時(shí)有必要找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句，或較好地對(duì)主題加以歸納。6.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題技巧:3.toinformr26Peoplebelievethatclimbingcandogoodtohealth.Wherecanyoulearntheskillofclimbingthen?Ifyouthinkthatyouhavetogotothemountainstolearnhowtoclimb,you’rewrong.……Howdopeopleclimbthewall?Toclimb,youneedspecialshoesandharness(保護(hù)帶)aroundyourchesttoholdyou.……Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.Youuseyourwholebody,especiallyyourarmsandlegs.Thissportgivesyourbodyacompleteworkout.Whenyouclimb,bothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.Q:Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Totellpeoplewheretofindgyms. B.Toprovethebasicneedforclimbing.C.Toencouragepeopletoclimbmountains. D.Tointroducethesportofwallclimbing.Example10:2008年安徽,C篇☆Peoplebelievethatcl2714daysfromjust￡2,090ppFullyinclusivefromtheUKPricecovers:Internationalairfares,departuretaxes,fuelcharges,localtransportation,accommodation,allmeals,entrancefees,guides,dailytoursandvisasforUKcitizens.◆

Days1-3:UK-Shanghai……◆

Day14:Beijing-UKKs5uFlybacktotheUK,arrivinghomelaterthesamedayfilledwithhappymemories.Q:Theadismainlyintendedto______.A.encouragetheBritishtotravelinChinaB.attracttheBritishtotraditionalChinesefoodC.offerserviceofbookingairticketstotouristsD.providetheBritishwithabetterunderstandingofChinaExample11:2009年福建,C篇☆14daysfromjust￡2,090ppExa28“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity.Mostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean.“Thewindstartsoutbymakinglittleripples(漣漪),butiftheykeeponblowing,thoseripplesgetbiggerandbiggerandturnintowaves……Q:Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders'knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders'attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor'simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthemExample12:2005年廣東,C篇☆“Haveyoueverbeenou297.文章出處/來(lái)源推斷題Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.2.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?3.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof______.常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:7.文章出處/來(lái)源推斷題Thepassageismo30

7.文章出處/來(lái)源推斷題這類(lèi)問(wèn)題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷其出處。如:1.報(bào)紙:前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱(chēng)。2.廣告:因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)。3.產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明:器皿、設(shè)備的使用說(shuō)明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱(chēng)或操作方式等;而藥品的服用說(shuō)明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等。解題技巧: 7.文章出處/來(lái)源推斷題這類(lèi)問(wèn)題應(yīng)從文章31Example13:2010年江西,B篇HeadofResearchSalary:￡55.271WearelookingforaHeadofResearchtomanagetheCWUresearchDepartandinformationCentre.Youwouldberequiredtoexercisecontrolofallresearchworkofthedepartmentandmanageateamofthreeresearchersandfoursupportstaff.……Toapply,pleaserequestanapplicationpackbyemailinghr@orbytelephoningHR(HwianResources)on02089707482.Whenapplyingpleasestateyoursource.ClosingDateforApplications:4thAugust2010Anticipatedinterviewdate:17thAugust2010NoagenciespleaseInwhichcolumnofanewspapercouldwefindthisadvertisement?A.Arts B.Sales C.Jobs D.News.☆Example13:2010年江西,B篇Headof32Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected”?Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.“Toreducepain,taketwotablets(藥片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(緩解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount(量).Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askforyourdoctor'sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine”.Q:Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.A.textbook B.newsreelC.doctor'snotebook D.bottleofmedicineExample14:全國(guó)☆Doyoualwaysundersta33

8.預(yù)測(cè)想象推斷題Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostlikely/probablytobe______.2.Thepassageisprobablyfollowedbyaparagraphabout______?3.Whatdidtheparagraphpreceding/followingthissectionlikelydealwith/talkabout/discuss?4.Whatwilltheauthortalkaboutinthenextparagraph?常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:有些內(nèi)容文章中沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)明，要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇，對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)推理。 8.預(yù)測(cè)想象推斷題Theparagraphfollo34

8.預(yù)測(cè)想象推斷題做這類(lèi)題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路(如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)描寫(xiě)，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)敘述)，從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)。技巧: 8.預(yù)測(cè)想象推斷題做這類(lèi)題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的35Weareinthecomputerage.Weoftenseecomputersatwork.Theyareespeciallyusefulinautomaticcontrol,dateprocessing(數(shù)據(jù)處理)andsolvingcomplicatedproblems.Andtheyarefindingtheirwayintothehome.……Moreandcleverercomputerswillcontinuetoappear.Theywillrunfaster,havemorefunctionsandworkmoreskillfully.Theywilltakeovermoretasksfromus,helpingtochangethefaceofourworld.Somepeopleeventhinkthatsoonerorlatercomputerswillreplaceus.However……Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthethirdparagraph?A.Computerswillsoonstopdeveloping.B.Computersareascleverasman.C.Manypeoplelikecomputersverymuch.D.Idon'tthinkcomputerswillreplaceuscompletely.Example15:☆Weareinthecomputer36Therewasiceontheroad,andthedoctor’scarhitatreeandturnedoverthreetimes.Tohissurprise,hewasnothurt.Hegotoutofthecarandwalkedtothenearesthouse,hewantedtotelephonethegarage(汽車(chē)修理廠)forhelp.Thedoorwasopenedbyoneofhispatients.“Oh,Doctor.”shesaid,“Ihaveonlyjusttelephonedyou.Youmusthaveaveryfastcar.Youhavegothereveryquicklyindeed.Therehasbeenaverybadaccidentintheroadoutside.Isawitthroughthewindow.Iamsurethedriverwillneedyourhelp”.Q:Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelyreplythedoctorgavethewomanpatientattheendofthestory?A.“Yes,hedoesneedhelp-yourhelp,notmine.”B.“Anotheraccident?I'vejusthadanaccidentmyself?”C.“Igotyourcallandrushedover.IhopeI'mnottoolate.”D.“Ididn'tgetyourcall.ButI'mhereandhopeIcanhelp.”Example16:☆Therewasiceonther37

在推理判斷時(shí)要牢記以下幾點(diǎn)：1.嚴(yán)格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進(jìn)行推理，千萬(wàn)不要摻雜自己的主觀想法或經(jīng)驗(yàn);2.如果某選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，那它就不是推論，也就不是正確答案;3.如果某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合，文中卻沒(méi)有涉及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，也不是正確答案;4.如果某個(gè)選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正確答案;5.文中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(should,must,may,etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，這有助于我們確定正確答案;6.注意作者在文章中的措辭，比如作者在形容詞前用了too，excessively,rather則常帶有否定的口氣;7.某些過(guò)渡詞(例如：however,but,onthecontrary,what’smore)后面所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往能反映作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。在推理判斷時(shí)要牢記以下幾點(diǎn)：38閱讀理解主要考查形式主要有四大類(lèi)：1．事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。2．主旨大意題。3．詞義猜測(cè)題。4．推理判斷題。閱讀理解主要考查形式主要有四大類(lèi)：1．事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。239英語(yǔ)閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái)，而是要求閱讀者根據(jù)字面意思，通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義，這就是判斷推理題。判斷推理題在閱讀測(cè)試中屬于難題。因此，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，哲學(xué)原理，并借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析，推理，判斷。

英語(yǔ)閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái)，而是要40五年高考全國(guó)卷推理判斷題量統(tǒng)計(jì)表2006全國(guó)Ⅱ2007全國(guó)Ⅰ2008全國(guó)Ⅰ2009全國(guó)Ⅰ2010全國(guó)Ⅱ推理判斷題量77578推理判斷題量在近5年中相對(duì)穩(wěn)定五年高考全國(guó)卷推理判斷題量統(tǒng)計(jì)表2006200720082411.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題2.知識(shí)推斷題5.作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題6.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題7.文章出處/來(lái)源推斷題推理判斷8.預(yù)測(cè)想象推斷題4.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題1.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題2.知識(shí)推斷題5.作42

1.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題解答此類(lèi)題,關(guān)鍵是要善于捕捉有關(guān)數(shù)字的信息,然后在透徹理解原文的字面意義和題意的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用自己的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí),對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析、推算,從而得出正確的結(jié)論。技巧: 1.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題解答此類(lèi)題,關(guān)鍵是要善于43Shakespeare’sBirthplaceandExhibitionofShakespeare’sWorld……TheBirthplaceiswithineasywalkingdistanceofallthecarparksshownonthemap:nearestisWindsorStreet(3minutes’Walk)……Q:Howmuchistheadmissionforafamilyoftwogrown-upsandtwochildren?A.￡9.80 B.￡12.00 C.￡14.20 D.￡16.40Example1:2010年全國(guó)Ⅰ,A篇

☆Shakespeare’sBirthpla44BelowaresomeclassifiedadsfromanEnglishnewspaper.classifiedadsFORDIRECTCLASSIFIEDSERVICECALL800-055710A.M.-4P.M.MONDAY-FRIDAYFORSALECOMEtoourmovingsale---Plants,pottery,books,clothes,etc,Sat,Dec.14th---9a.m.-5p.m.1612Ferndale,Apt.1,800-4696.USEDFURCOATSandJACKETS.GOODcondition.$30-$50.Call800-0436after12noon.MOVING:Mustsell.TV21”,$50;AM/FMradioA/Corbattery,$15;cassettetaperecorder,$10.CallJonorPat,800-0793after5p.m.orweekends.SHEEPSKINCOAT:man’s,size42,1yearold.$85.After6p.m.,800-5224.……Q:Asecond-handjacketwillprobablycostyou______.A.$60 B.$40 C.$20 D.$10Example2:2009年浙江,B篇☆Belowaresomeclassifiedads452.

知識(shí)推斷題解答此類(lèi)題，不僅需要我們有一定的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)常識(shí)，而且還需要對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識(shí)有一個(gè)充分的理解。知識(shí)推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原義的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。知識(shí)推斷題一般都是針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)。技巧:2.知識(shí)推斷題解答此類(lèi)題，不僅需要我們有一46Tokyo:Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire(藍(lán)寶石)worthnearlysixhundredthousanddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apoliceofficialsaid.Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbitten(咬)byoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.Medicinewasbeingkeptreadyatanearbyhospital.……Q:Thejewelswasbeingshownin______.A.anIndianhotel B.anIndianmuseum C.aJapanesehotel D.aJapanesemuseumExample3:全國(guó)☆Tokyo:Threesnakes,whosepoi473.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題解答這類(lèi)題的前提是首先獲得短文的主題思想或列舉的具體事實(shí)，然后按題意的要求進(jìn)行推斷。邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。技巧:3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題解答這類(lèi)題的前提是首先獲48Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,“Areyousingle?”“Why,yes.”Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother.”shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?”Q:Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause______.A.shelivednearhishouse B.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhim D.shelovedhimverymuchExample4:☆Whentheyoungwaitres49OnceNapoleonstayedinasmallinn(旅館).…………“Please,sir.”beggedtheinnkeeper,“Don'tkillus!Wemeantnothing!”Thesoldiersmovedback.Theinnkeepersawthemraisingtheirguns.ThenNapoleoncalled:“Ready!Aim!”Thewifescreamed.“Stop!”saidNapoleon.Hewenttotheinnkeeper,“Now,youknowtheanswertothequestionyouaskedmejustnow,don’tyou?”Q:WhydidNapoleonorderedhismentotiethecouple?Becausehewantedtoteachtheinnkeeperagoodlessonforbotheringhim.B.Becausehewantedtokillthecoupletogetridofhisanger.C.Becausehewantedtoshowthathewassoadmiringageneralthatnobodycouldupsethim.D.Becausehewantedtomadetheinnkeeperknowthatagenerallikehimhadthesamefeelingastheordinarypeopleinfaceofdanger.Example5:☆OnceNapoleonstayedi504.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題1.文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息2.文章中無(wú)關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論3.與文章內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論4.不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。

干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn):4.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題1.文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息514.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。2.要忠實(shí)原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。3.注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。技巧:4.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思52Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.A.veryclean B.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortable D.dirtyandfullofinsectsExample6:☆Onedayamanwalkedi53Sincemyretirement(退休)fromteachingmusicin2001,Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist…….Inanycase,Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes(風(fēng)景畫(huà))muchinfluenced（影響）byKrenkelandSt.Johnforfiveyears.……butassoonasIwalkedoutoftheschooldoorforthelasttimeIpickedupmybrushesandrediscoveredAndrewWyeth,whoquicklybecamemyfavoriteartist.……SoIpaintedlandscapesaroundMinnesotaforthreeyearsandtriedoutmanyothertypesofpainting.…………AsConfuciusoncesaid,“AtseventyIcanfollowmyheart’sdesire.”71.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthor______.A.hadbeentaughtbyKrenkelandSt.John B.paintedlandscapesinMinnesotafor5yearsC.believedWyethtobethebestinwatercolors D.startedhisretirementlifeattheageofseventyExample7:2006年全國(guó)Ⅰ,D篇☆Sincemyretirement(退545.

作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度題考查目標(biāo)比較明確，題干一般都含有accordingtothewriter/author,attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard等詞或短語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)題目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)的態(tài)度外，有的還考查作者對(duì)具體的某個(gè)人或事物的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià)。如作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是中立/猶豫不定，對(duì)記敘或描寫(xiě)的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。5.作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度555.

作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:1.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards…?2.Whatistheopinionofthewriterinthispassage?3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“…”?4.Fromthe…paragraph,whatdoyouthinktheauthorwantstotellus?5.Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against.6.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree？

5.作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:1.What’565.

作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn):1.是自己的某種看法或觀點(diǎn)2.是社會(huì)的一種普遍種傾向3.是與本文無(wú)關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點(diǎn)或看法等技巧:問(wèn)全文主體事物的(包括主題)，可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞確定作者的態(tài)度；2.如果問(wèn)的是對(duì)某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。5.作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn):1.是自己的某種57LastweekmyyoungestsonandIvisitedmyfatherathisnewhomeinTucson,Arizona.Hemovedthereafewyearsago,andIwaseagertoseehisnewplaceandmeethisfriends.……Onthefirstdayofmyvisit,wewentoutwithoneofmyfather’sfriendsforlunchatanoutdoorcafé.Wetalkedalongthatafternoon,didsomeshopping,ateonthestreettable,andlaughedovermyson’sfunnyfacialexpressions.Gonewasmyfather’scritical(挑剔的)airandstrictrules.WhowasthispersonIknewasmyfather,whoseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound?Whathadheldhimbackbefore?……Q:WhatdoestheauthorthinkofherfatherafterhervisittoTucson?A.Morecritical B.Moretalkative C.Gentleandfriendly D.Strictandhard-working.Example8:2008年全國(guó)Ⅰ,A篇☆Lastweekmyyoungest58Askids,myfriendsandIspentalotoftimeoutinthewoods.“Thewoods”wasourpart-timeaddress,destination,purpose,andexcuse.………Itwasinatree,too,thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend.Bythensomeofushasreachedseventhgradeandhadbeguntheroughrideofadolescence(青春期).InMarch,themonthwhenweusuallytooktothewoodsagainafterwinter,twofriendsandIsetouttogoexploring.Weclimbedatree,andallofasuddenitoccurredtoallthreeofusatthesametimethatwereallywereratherbigtobeupinatree.SoontherewouldbethespringdancesonFridayeveningsinthehighschoolcafeteria.Q:Howdoestheauthorfeelabouthischildhood?A.Happybutshort. B.Lonelybutmemorable.C.Boringandmeaningless. D.Longandunforgettable.Example9:2008年天津,E篇☆A(yù)skids,myfriendsan596.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:考查整篇文章:Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto______.2.Thewriter’spurposeofwritingthispassageisto______.3.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?4.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto______.6.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:考查整篇文章:The606.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:考查某處細(xì)節(jié):Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat______.2.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.3..…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto______.6.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式:考查某處細(xì)節(jié):The616.寫(xiě)作目的/意圖推斷題常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作目的:不同的文章可能有不同的寫(xiě)作目的,但寫(xiě)作目的通常有以下三種:1.toamuse/entertainrea