第四講-主語翻譯-

SubjectsinC-Etranslation

AstudyofdifferencesofC&Esubjects1SubjectsinC-Etranslation像這一類的問題還有不少，如果處理不當，就很容易動搖我們的方針，影響改革的全局。2SubjectsinC-Etranslation1.a.Therearemanymoreissuesofthiskind,andifnotproperlyhandled,theycouldeasilyshakeourpoliciesandaffecttheoverallsituationofreform.1.b.Therearemanyproblemslikethisone,andifwedon’thandlethemproperly,ourpoliciescouldeasilybeunderminedandoverallreformaffected.3SubjectsinC-Etranslation2.加強思想政治工作，講艱苦奮斗，都很必要，但只靠這些也還是不夠(最根本的因素，還是經濟增長速度)。4SubjectsinC-Etranslation2.a.Itismostessentialtostrengthenideologicalandpoliticalworkandstressthespiritofhardstruggle,butcountingjustonthesewillnotsuffice.2.b.Althoughwehavetostrengthenideologicalandpoliticalworkandstresstheneedforhardstruggle,wecannotdependonthosemeasuresalone.5SubjectsinC-Etranslation3.說過去，說過來，就是一句話，堅持這個(三中全會以來的)路線、方針、政策不變。6SubjectsinC-Etranslation3.a.Afterallthat’sbeensaid,onesentencesumsitup:sticktothislineandtheseprinciplesandpolicies.3.b.Afterallthat’sbeensaid,Icansumupourpositioninonesentence:weshallkeeptothislineandtheseprinciplesandpolicies.7SubjectsinC-Etranslation草愿意穿風和日麗，天就晴；草愿意穿風霜雨雪，天就陰，----。反正得由著草的性子來，沒有什么商量的余地。8SubjectsinC-Etranslation

Grasswishesthaveafineday---itturnsfin.Grasswishestohaveacloudyday---itturnscloudy.

Theskyhasnochoicebuttosuccumbtothewishesofgrass.----草愿意穿風和日麗，天就晴；草愿意穿風霜雨雪，天就陰，----。反正得由著草的性子來，沒有什么商量的余地。9SubjectsinC-Etranslation中國公司的規(guī)模和盈利能力還不具備全球競爭力.10SubjectsinC-EtranslationTheChinesecompaniesarenotbigenoughorprofitableenoughtocompeteoverseas.中國公司的規(guī)模和盈利能力還不具備全球競爭力.11SubjectsinC-Etranslation對內陸貧困地區(qū)的消費者而言，有些在沿海發(fā)達地區(qū)銷售的產品，其價格難以承受。12SubjectsinC-EtranslationTheproductsmarketedintheprosperouscoastalareasofChinaaretooexpensiveforthecustomersinthepoorhinterland.對內陸貧困地區(qū)的消費者而言，有些在沿海發(fā)達地區(qū)銷售的產品，其價格難以承受。13SubjectsinC-Etranslation有些公司如海爾，TCL，聯通等實行了混合所有制，這使它們得以克服中國管理體制的某些弊端，具備了全球競爭能力。14SubjectsinC-EtranslationCompanieslikeHaier,TCL,andLegendhavebecomegloballycompetitivebecausetheirmixedownershipallowsthemtoovercometheweaknessesoftheChinesesystem.有些公司如海爾，TCL，聯通等實行了混合所有制，這使它們得以克服中國管理體制的某些弊端，具備了全球競爭能力。15SubjectsinC-Etranslation它們經營的目標是追求利潤，雖然它們仍然屬于社會主義國家，而且多個方面都得到了國家支持。它們日常經營活動政府并不介入，它們不屬于公有資產，幾乎擁有完全的自主權。16SubjectsinC-EtranslationTheyaredrivenbytheprofitmotiveinwhatisstillasocialistcountry,yettheyreceivesupportfromoneormorearmsofthestate.Thegovernmentdoesn’tinterferewithoperationsatthesecompaniesbecausethebusinessesaren’tpartofthepublicsector,andsothesehybridsenjoyalmosttotalautonomy.它們經營的目標是追求利潤，雖然它們仍然屬于社會主義國家，而且多個方面都得到了國家支持。它們日常經營活動政府并不介入，它們不屬于公有資產，幾乎擁有完全的自主權。17SubjectsinC-Etranslation八月十五夜晚，合家團聚在一起賞月，吃月餅是中秋必不可少的兩大習俗。關于月餅的起源眾說紛紜，唯一可以肯定的是，早期的月餅只是一種面餅。18SubjectsinC-EtranslationItisanessentialtraditionthatallthefamilymembersgettogethertoappreciatethemoonandeatmooncakesonthenightofMid-AutumnDay.Therearemanyversionsabouttheoriginsofmooncakes,buttheonlythingforsureisthatthemooncakewasonceonlyakindofordinarycakemadeofflour.八月十五夜晚，合家團聚在一起賞月，吃月餅是中秋必不可少的兩大習俗。關于月餅的起源眾說紛紜，唯一可以肯定的是，早期的月餅只是一種面餅。19SubjectsinC-Etranslation在每一個年齡段里，人總要留下點什么，無論是一次如期而來的成功，抑或是與初衷相悖的失敗，總之應該留下點什么，哪怕是一串稚嫩的腳印，亦足以證明我們曾經的夢想。20Apersonshouldleavesomethingduringhisorhergrowing–up,whichmaybeeitheraforeseeablesuccessorunexpectedfailure.Evenatrailofbabyishfootprintistheenoughevidenceforouroncepursuingdream.在每一個年齡段里，人總要留下點什么，無論是一次如期而來的成功，抑或是與初衷相悖的失敗，總之應該留下點什么，哪怕是一串稚嫩的腳印，亦足以證明我們曾經的夢想。21SubjectsinC-Etranslation京劇舞臺藝術在文學、表演、音樂、唱腔、化妝、臉譜等各個方面構成了一套格律化和規(guī)范化的程式。其表演藝術更趨向于虛實結合的表現手法，最大限度地超脫了舞臺空間和時間的限制，已達到“以形傳神，形神兼?zhèn)洹钡乃囆g境界。表演上要求精致細膩，處處入戲，唱腔上要求悠揚委婉，聲情并茂，武戲不以火爆勇猛取勝，而以武戲文唱見佳。22SubjectsinC-EtranslationThroughthededicatedeffortsofnumerousartistsoveralongperiodoftime,thestagecraftofPekingOperahasformedasetofstylizedpatternsconcerningliterature,performance,music,singing,instruments,cosmeticsandfacialpatterns,whichconstraineachotherandworktogether.TheperformingartofPekingOperatendstoadoptanapproachthatcombinesthefictitiousandsubstantial,transcendingtothegreatestextenttheconstraintsofspaceandtimeonstageinordertoattainartisticstateofexpressingspiritthroughformwhileintegratingboth.Delicacyandelegancearerequiredandperformersmustdevotethemselvestotheirrespectiveroles.Thesingingshouldbemildlymelodious,integratingrichfeelingwithapleasingvoice.ThemartialartoftheOperashouldnotbeviolentlyboldandpowerful,insteadthemartialdramashouldberepresentedbymeansofelegantsingling

京劇舞臺藝術在文學、表演、音樂、唱腔、化妝、臉譜等各個方面構成了一套格律化和規(guī)范化的程式。其表演藝術更趨向于虛實結合的表現手法，最大限度地超脫了舞臺空間和時間的限制，已達到“以形傳神，形神兼?zhèn)洹钡乃囆g境界。表演上要求精致細膩，處處入戲，唱腔上要求悠揚委婉，聲情并茂，武戲不以火爆勇猛取勝，而以武戲文唱見佳。23SubjectsinC-Etranslation時下，漫步在北京的大街小巷，這樣的情景司空見慣的：濃蔭里，水面上，亭榭下，長廊間，不時飄來陣陣京腔京韻的演奏和有版有眼的唱腔。24SubjectsinC-EtranslationAtpresent,suchscenesarecommonlyseeninthestreetsandalleywaysofBeijing:melodiousinstrumentplayingandrhythmicalsingingofPekingOperacanbeheardintheshadeoftrees,onthewaters,inpavilionsandincorridors.時下，漫步在北京的大街小巷，這樣的情景司空見慣的：濃蔭里，水面上，亭榭下，長廊間，不時飄來陣陣京腔京韻的演奏和有版有眼的唱腔25SubjectsinC-Etranslation發(fā)展社會主義市場經濟，必須加強和改善宏觀調控，宏觀調控要著眼于保持經濟穩(wěn)定增長，敏銳把握國際國內經濟形式變化，增強預見性、針對性和有效性。26SubjectsinC-EtranslationTodevelopthesocialistmarketeconomy,wemuststrengthenandimprovemacroeconomicregulation.Inexercisingtheregulation,wemustfocusonensuringasustainedandrapidgrowthoftheeconomy,bealerttochangesintheinternationalanddomesticeconomicsituations,andimproveourabilitytopredictandcopewiththemeffectively.發(fā)展社會主義市場經濟，必須加強和改善宏觀調控，宏觀調控要著眼于保持經濟穩(wěn)定增長，敏銳把握國際國內經濟形式變化，增強預見性、針對性和有效性。27SubjectsinC-Etranslation農村中小學教師工資改由縣財政統一管理，以保證教師工資按時足額發(fā)放，減輕農民負擔。（主題)28SubjectsinC-Etranslation農村中小學教師工資改由縣財政統一管理，以保證教師工資按時足額發(fā)放，減輕農民負擔。（主題)Salariesofruralprimaryandsecondaryteachersarenowtheexclusiveresponsibilityofthecountyfinancialauthorities.Thishasnotonlyensuredthatteachersarepaidinfullandontime,butalsoreducedtheburdenonfarmers.29SubjectsinC-Etranslation但是由于這項改革仍處在試點階段，目前還存在著基本養(yǎng)老保險制度不統一、企業(yè)負擔重、統籌層次低、制度不健全等問題，必須按照黨中央國務院確定的目標和原則，進一步加快改革步伐，建立統一的企業(yè)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險制度，促進經濟與社會健康發(fā)展。30SubjectsinC-Etranslation但是由于這項改革仍處在試點階段，目前還存在著基本養(yǎng)老保險制度不統一、企業(yè)負擔重、統籌層次低、制度不健全等問題，必須按照黨中央國務院確定的目標和原則，進一步加快改革步伐，建立統一的企業(yè)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險制度，促進經濟與社會健康發(fā)展。However,asthereformisstillatitsexperimentalstage,problemsstillexistcurrently,includinglackofunificationinplanningthesystem,heavyburdensexperiencedbyenterprises,low-qualityunifiedplanning,andunsoundmanagementsystem.Itisessentialtohastenthepaceofreformbyestablishingaunifiedbasicpensioninsurancesystemforenterpriseworkersandstaffinlinewiththeobjectivesandprinciplessetbytheparty’sCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncil,inabidtopromoteahealthyeconomicandsocialdevelopment.31SubjectsinC-Etranslation這幾年實施積極的財政政策，發(fā)行長期建設國債，是在特殊情況下的特殊政策。32SubjectsinC-EtranslationTheproactivefiscalpolicywefollowedduringthepastfewyearsandtheissuanceoflong-termconstructiontreasurybondswerespecialpoliciesimplementedunderspecialcircumstances.這幾年實施積極的財政政策，發(fā)行長期建設國債，是在特殊情況下的特殊政策。33SubjectsinC-Etranslation按照產權清晰、權責明確、政企分開、管理科學的要求，積極推行規(guī)范的公司制和股份制改革，完善法人治理結構，深化企業(yè)內部分配、人事、勞動制度改革，建立激勵和約束機制。（無主語）34SubjectsinC-EtranslationInlinewiththeprinciplesof“clearlyestablishedpropertyrightownership,welldefinedrightsandresponsibilities,separationofenterprisefromgovernmentandscientificmanagement”,vigorouseffortsweremadetocarryoutreformsaimedatintroducingthestandardcorporatesystemsandthejoint-stocksystemandimprovingcorporategovernance.Wedeepenedthereformofenterprises’internalsystemsfordistributionandhumanresourcesandlaboremploymentmanagementandestablishedincentiveanddisciplinarymechanisms.按照產權清晰、權責明確、政企分開、管理科學的要求，積極推行規(guī)范的公司制和股份制改革，完善法人治理結構，深化企業(yè)內部分配、人事、勞動制度改革，建立激勵和約束機制。（無主語）35SubjectsandcommentsSubjectsofthreetypes(Halliday)Psychologicalsubjects(informationstructure)Grammaticalsubjects(surfacegrammar)Logicalsubjects(deepsemantic)36ThreesubjectsPsychologicalsubjectsaninformationfocus,apsychologicalstartingpointofwhataspeakerisgoingtosay.Grammaticalsubjects

objectsatwhichasentenceisdirected,andwhichgoverncases,persons,gender,number,etc.Logicalsubjects

anactorwhoperformsaction.Itconcernswithrelationsbetweenthings,butnotthegrammaticalrelationsbetweentwosigns.37ThreeSubjectsTheme=PsychologicalsubjectsSubject=GrammaticalsubjectsActor=Logicalsubjects38BasicstructureofEnglishsentencesSubjectwillcoincidewithtopicandactorinactivesentences(1).Subjectwillcoincidewithtopicandobjectinpassivesentences(2).SubjectwillcoincidewithtopicinSV(O)pattern,whichisreferredasunmarkedsubjectbyHalliday.

Aconstituentofasentenceotherthansubjectwillfunctionastopic(markedsubject)undercertaincircumstances(3,4).39ExamplesOurschoolbuswilldepartat7.10everymorning.Priorityisoftengiventomalecandidates.ThisbookIboughtfromBerlin.Whateveryouwant,Iwilldoforyou.40

BasicstructureofChinesesentencesChinesesentencesfeaturetwotypesofsentencestructures:

anactorsentenceanactor+action+processofacting(5,6)atopicsentencetopic+comment(7,8)41他拿著槍，繞著屋子走。大家去到溪水邊，洗了洗臉。我這次高考的成績比較樂觀。這件事我沒有經驗。42Ananalysisofthedifference

betweenCandEAChineseactorsentenceisthesameasanEnglishSV(O)sentenceinform,whichischaracterizedbycoincidenceofsubjectandtopic.AChineseT-CsentencediffersgreatlyfromEnglishSV(O)structure.43EnglishsentenceChinesesentenceSubjectwillgrammaticallybemarkedifitisnotthesentencetopic,suchasoneinemphaticstructure,orincomparativestructure,orintherebepattern.ItisDrSmithwhooperatedonMr.John.Onlythendidhearriveontime.Topicwillnotbegrammaticallymarkedwhateverconstituentsofsentenceswillfunction.44Englishsentence

ChinesesentenceMarkedtopicwillleavevoidsomewhereinthesentence.(3,4)Voidisnoteasilytobedetectedinthesentence.(7,8)45Englishsentence

ChinesesentenceSpeechoffunctioniseasilyrecognizedsinceitisaninflectedlanguage.Speechoffunctionishardlyrecognizedunlessitsexpressivefunctionisknown.(9)9.馬英九再傳聆訊。10.美國發(fā)現艾滋病。11.中國到處打乒乓。46EnglishsentenceChinesesentenceEnglishtopicisusedtogovernthesentencestructuresinceithas,asovertconstituent,directrelationwithitsverb.Chinesetopiccannotbeusedtogovernthesentencestructure,sinceithas,asacovertconstituent,nodirectlogicrelationwithcomment.47Discussionoftranslatedversions天津衛(wèi)這地方，大馬路上不種五谷雜糧，小胡同里不長瓜果梨桃，滿城幾十萬人口，幾十萬張嘴巴睜開眼睛就要吃要喝，就算天津衛(wèi)有九條河橫穿而過，即使幾條大河游滿了魚蝦螃蟹，河岸邊的青蛙一起捉來下鍋，恐怕也喂不了這幾十萬張肚皮。48Discussionoftranslatedversions天津衛(wèi)這地方，大馬路上不種五谷雜糧，小胡同里不長瓜果梨桃，滿城幾十萬人口，幾十萬張嘴巴睜開眼睛就要吃要喝，就算天津衛(wèi)有九條河橫穿而過，即使幾條大河游滿了魚蝦螃蟹，河岸邊的青蛙一起捉來下鍋，恐怕也喂不了這幾十萬張肚皮。ThecityofTianjinproducesneithergrainnorfruit,andwithapopulationofseveralthousand,itwouldbedifficulttofeedalltheresidents,eveniftheplacewereendowedwithnineriversteemedwithfishandshrimps,andevenifallthefrogsintheriverwerekilledforfood.

(Tr.bySunYifeng)49Discussionoftranslatedversions爺們兒怪罪下來，大不了我一個人拉著家小逃之夭夭，可天津衛(wèi)還有我的老宅院，還有我的姑姨叔舅，讓人家受我連累，我對不起人。50Discussionoftranslatedversions爺們兒怪罪下來，大不了我一個人拉著家小逃之夭夭，可天津衛(wèi)還有我的老宅院，還有我的姑姨叔舅，讓人家受我連累，我對不起人。Shouldthelocalstakeumbrage,Icanjustdisappeartogetherwithmyfamily.ButIhaveanoldhouseandsomerelativesinTianjin.Itwouldnotbefairtoimplicatemyrelatives.Icertainlydon’twanttogetthemintotrouble.(Tr.bySunYifeng)51Discussionoftranslatedversions官場不好混。左右逢源，上下照應，按下葫蘆起來瓢，沒有金剛鉆還真攬不了這瓷器活。52Discussionoftranslatedversions官場不好混。左右逢源，上下照應，按下葫蘆起來瓢，沒有金剛鉆還真攬不了這瓷器活。Steeringthroughofficialwaters,placatingrightandleft,attendingtothehighandthelow.Itisnojoke,Iamtellingyou.Gettingridofonethornyproblemandanothercropsup.Itisnotanydiamondthatcanworkonsuchdelicatechina.(Tr.ByZhuHong)53南京她有層出不窮的風流人物和彪炳千秋的不朽業(yè)績。大都會特有的凝聚力，吸引了無數風云人物，仁人志士在這里角斗爭雄，一逞豪彥。54DiscussionoftranslatedversionsNanjinghaswitnessedthecontinuousemergenceofmanydistinguishedtalentsandnobleheartsaswellasmonumentalachievementsthatshonethroughtheages.Attractedbyherspecialappeal,agreatnumberofpowerfulfiguresandpeopleactuatedbyhighidealshavestayedinorfrequentedthismetropolistocontendfortheleadoftogiveplaytotheirgeniusandvirtues.南京她有層出不窮的風流人物和彪炳千秋的不朽業(yè)績。大都會特有的凝聚力，吸引了無數風云人物，仁人志士在這里角斗爭雄，一逞豪彥。55Translationpractice石家大院坐落在千年古鎮(zhèn)楊柳青中心，光緒元年（1875）動工興建，占地200平米，有清代民居建筑200多間。當時石家的人在考察了各種各樣的宅第后，結合了王宮官邸與大戶民宅的建筑形式，繪制藍圖，并且從北京高薪請來幾十位建筑高手，工期達三年之久，直到1923年石家遷走，前后累計建設近50年，才建成了這座大院。56Discussionoftranslatedversions官場不好混。左右逢源，上下照應，按下葫蘆起來瓢，沒有金剛鉆還真攬不了這瓷器活。Steeringthroughofficialwaters,placatingrightandleft,attendingtothehighandthelow.Itisnojoke,Iamtellingyou.Gettingridofonethornyproblemandanothercropsup.Itisnotanydiamondthatcanworkonsuchdelicatechina.(Tr.ByZhuHong)57Discussionoftranslatedversions石家大院坐落在千年古鎮(zhèn)楊柳青中心，光緒元年（1875）動工興建，占地200平米，有清代民居建筑200多間。當時石家的人在考察了各種各樣的宅第后，結合了王宮官邸與大戶民宅的建筑形式，繪制藍圖，并且從北京高薪請來幾十位建筑高手，工期達三年之久，直到1923年石家遷走，前后累計建設近50年，才建成了這座大院。58Discussionoftranslatedversions石家大院坐落在千年古鎮(zhèn)楊柳青中心，光緒元年（1875）動工興建，占地200平米，有清代民居建筑200多間。當時石家的人在考察了各種各樣的宅第后，結合了王宮官邸與大戶民宅的建筑形式，繪制藍圖，并且從北京高薪請來幾十位建筑高手，工期達三年之久，直到1923年石家遷走，前后累計建設近50年，才建成了這座大院。ShijiaDayuan,sittinginthesatellitetownofYangliuqingclosetoTianjin,istheformerresidenceofShiYuanshi,awealthymerchantinlateQingDynasty(1644-1911),andhisdescendants.Themasterplanofitsconstructionwasbasedonthelayoutofthehomesofsomeprominentfamiliesatthetime.Scoresofhigh-paidarchitectsandbuilderswereinvolvedinitsconstruction,whichbeganin1875andtookthreeyearstocomplete.Infact,extensionswerebuiltregularlyintheyearstocome,andbythetimethefamilymovedoutin1923,thepropertybecamewhatthevisitorseestoday,containing200roomsandcovering7200sqm.59Discussionoftranslatedversions這座大院的整體建筑史沿襲中國傳統建筑軸線對稱的營造方式。中軸線是一條用大青磚鋪就的六十余米長的甬道，甬道的兩側包含著十二個院落。所有院落都是正偏布局，毫不凌亂。甬道東側原是石氏家族的起居臥室。這些院落除安排有家族成員的臥室，女客房、賬房外，在次要的房舍有廚房、下房等。甬道西側，主要有花廳、戲樓佛堂等。60Discussionoftranslatedversions這座大院的整體建筑史沿襲中國傳統建筑軸線對稱的營造方式。中軸線是一條用大青磚鋪就的六十余米長的甬道，甬道的兩側包含著十二個院落。所有院落都是正偏布局，毫不凌亂。甬道東側原是石氏家族的起居臥室。這些院落除安排有家族成員的臥室，女客房、賬房外，在次要的房舍有廚房、下房等。甬道西側，主要有花廳、戲樓佛堂等。Theaxis,oftenseenintraditionalChinesearchitecture,isapparentinShijiaDayuan.It’sa60m-pluspathpavedwithflagstone-liketilesandlinedwithtwelvecourtyards.Bedrooms,livingrooms,kitchenandaccountingroomarepositionedtotheeast,whileflowerhalls,operahouseandBuddhahall,tothewest.61ThewholestructureofthecompoundfollowstheprincipleofChinesetraditionalarchitecture,whichemphasizessymmetrywithanaxis

intheverycentre.Theaxisisalarge-brick-pavedcorridor,whichextendssixtymeterslong,flankedwithtwelvecourtyardsinall.Allofthosecourtyardsareingreatorder,withmajor-minor-roomlayout.TheeastsideofthecorridorusedtobethelivingroomsoftheShiFamily.Besidesfamilymembers’bedrooms,guestroomsexclusivelyforwomen,andtheaccountingroom,thesecourtyardsalsocontaininferiorroomsusedaskitchens,roomsforservants,etc.Onthewestsideofthecorridor,it’smainlyFlowerHouse,theaterstageforPeckingOperaperformance,andBuddhist-worshippingplace,etc.62TheoverallstructureofShi’sMansionmanifeststhetraditionalarchitecturalstyleofChina,whosemagnificentfeatureisanaxisseparatingthewholestructureintoequalhalves.Theaxishereisa60-meter-longpavedcentralpathwhichgoesthroughtheentiremansion,withsixcourtyardsoneitherside.Allthe12courtyardsadaptedthesamearrangementofitsmainhouseandsidehouses,whichleadstoaneatlyvisualeffect.Amongthemainyardsontheeastwing,wecanfindthefamily’slivingrooms,theirbedrooms,thefemaleguests’roomandthehouseusedforfinancialmanagement.

Therearealsosomeminorhouseswhichservedaskitchenandtheservants’bedroom.Theyardsontheoppositesideweremainlyusedforreceptionofguests,entertainment,andworshipofBuddhaaswell.First,thereisthe‘FlowerHall’inwhichdistinguishedguestswerewelcomed.Also,wecanseetheoperatowerandthespecialhalltoworshiptheBuddha.63Inthismanor,thereisabrick-pavedpassage,extendingover60meters.Asanaxis,itwassidedby12courtyards,whicharelaidoutinprimaryandsecondaryorder.Courtyardsontheeastsideusedtobethedaily-lifesiteoftheShifamily,wherearehousedwithlivingrooms,guestroomsandfinancingrooms.Kitchensandwingroomsareplacedinsubsidiaryhouses.Whilecourtyardsonthewestsideareusedforleisurecenter,suchasgardensandChineseoperastagesandsoon.Overall,theconstructionofthispropertyfollowsthetraditionalChineseasymmetric

architecturestyle.64TheoverallconstructionofthecourtyardfollowsthesymmetricalaxisbuildingmethodsintraditionalChinesearchitecture.Theaxisisa60-meter-longbrick-pavedcorridor,eachsideofwhichcontains

12yards,allofwhichareneatlyorientedtowardthenortheast.Originally,theyardsontheeastofthecorridormainlycomprises

ofthelivingroomsoftheshi