第三冊同義詞辨析

USAGE:ADOPT/ADAPT

adapt:①「to」changesth.tosuitanewneedeg:Headaptedanoldcarenginetodrivehisboat.②changetobemoresuitableeg:WhenhemovedtoFrance,thechildrenadapted(tothechange)verywell.→adaptable:adjabletochangeorbechangedsoastobe↓suitablefornewneeds,differentconditions,etc.unadaptable→adaptability→adaptationeg:Thefilmisadaptedfromanovel.Thenovelisadaptedforafilm.

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USAGE:error/mistakeAnerroristhesameasamistakeexceptthat:①Errorsuggestsamoralwrong,mistakeamisjudgment.eg:Itookhisumbrellabymistake.Itookhisumbrellainerror.②Errorisamoreformalword.③Incertainfixedphrasesonlyoneofthemcanbeused.eg:anerrorofjudgment/bymistake④Asmallunintendedmistakeisasliporanoversight.eg:Imeantowrite“son”not“sun”-itwasjustaslipofthepen.Byanoversight,Iforgettoposttheletter.

back2error和mistake是同義詞，有時可以換用。例如：spelling

errors/mistakes拼寫錯誤;grammaticalerrors/mistakes語法錯誤。

在指日常生活中的一般錯誤時，用mistake稍多一些。著重指由于理解、認(rèn)

識或判斷上的不正確而造成行動或看法上的錯誤。

在表示不合格，特別是不合道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時，用error更多一些，有時可做“誤

差、謬誤”解。

在一些固定搭配中，error和mistake不能互換。例如：

Ididitinerror/bymistakes.我誤做了那件事。

Hefellintoaseriouserror./Hemadeaseriousmistake.

他犯了一個嚴(yán)重錯誤3Cf:clothe:①給某人穿衣(=dress)②供給…衣服eg:Sheclotheherselfinherbest.Thefieldwasclothedinsnow.★clothe/dress/undress+sbputon/wear/takeoff+sthclothes:(具體的一件件)衣服,可與many,few連用,但不能與數(shù)詞連用clothing:「總稱」服裝,被褥foodandclothing

back4Thesickwomanwasingreatpainandgroanedcontinually.★painful:causingpain,givingpain使人感到痛苦

inpain:自己感到痛苦,疼痛eg:1)Thelittlegirlisinpainbecauseshehasacutinafinger.2)Thelittlegirlhasapainfulcutinafinger.

back51.Settledown:1)to(causeto)sitcomfortably(settlesbdown)eg:Shesettledherselfdowninachairwithabook.2)toestablishahomeandliveaquietlifeeg:Iwanttogetmarriedandsettledown.3)tobecomeusedtoawayoflife,job,etc.eg:Hesoonsettleddowninhisnewschool.

2.Settleforsth:toaccept(sthlessthanhopedfor)eg:Iwant＄500formycarandIwon’tsettleforless.

3.Settlesbin:to(helpto)getusedtoanewhome,job,etc.eg:Itwasthefirsttimeshehadlefthome,soittookherawhiletosettlein.

4.settled:adj(unlikelytochange,fixed)back6Cf:haul/drag/tug/tow

haul:拖拉

drag:topullsb.orsth.alongtheground,oftenbecausetheyaretooheavytocarry硬拉

eg:Hemanagedtodragthetableintothekitchen.tug:topullwithoneormoreshort,quickpullseg:Shekepttugginginsistentlyathissleeve.

tow:topullavehicleorshipalongbehindanothervehicleusingaropeorchain用繩索拖引eg:Theshiphadtobetowedintotheharbor.

back7Cf:content/satisfy☆Thepoorareoftencontented,butamiserisneversatisfied.

back8USAGE

urge:astrongwishorneed

urgency:sthorsituationthatveryimportantandneedingtobedealtwithfirstorquickly

emergence:appearance

emergency:anunexpectedanddangeroushappeningwhichmustbedealtwithquicklyeg:anemergencyexitback9※歷史事件ahistoricalevent歷史性事件ahistoricevent歷史人物ahistoricalcharacter歷史名城ahistorictowneg:Ifyouhavenothingtodo,whydon’tyouvisitthehistorymuseum?(ahistorymuseum=amuseumdealingwiththesubjectofhistory)

back10Confidence:n1)fulltrust;beliefinone’sownoranother’sability「+in」★haveconfidencein2)asecret;somepersonalmattertoldsecretlytoaperson★inconfidence(secretly,privately)eg:Itoldyouthatinconfidence,sowhydidyoutelljackaboutit?

confidentiality:n(asituationinwhichyoutrustsomeonenottotellsecretorprivateinformationtoanyoneelse)

back11Digestible:「adj」foodthatisdigestiblecanbeeasilydigested----(oppositeindigestible)Digestive:「adj:onlybeforen」connectedwiththeprocessofdigestioneg:thedigestivesystemCf:chew/swallow/digestchew:tobitefoodseveraltimesbeforeswallowingitswallow:tomakefoodordrinkgodownyourthroatandtowardsyourstomach

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12Cf:digest/ingestingest:「technical」totakefoodintoyourbody

back13Cf:pile/stack/heap

pile:atidycollectionofseveralthingsofthesamekindplacedontopofeachother通常指把同種類的東西比較整齊的堆起來,是一般性的用語

stack:通常指將同種類同樣大小的東西整齊的堆在一起

heap:alargeuntidypileofthings不論種類雜亂地堆放eg:arubbishheapstack是整齊的一堆。pile是隨便堆放的...astackof有一摞，一堆的意思，而apileof只有一堆的意思，所以要表示一摞……就要用前者...Pile:n.堆...

back14★overdue:adj遲到的,過期的eg:Anapologyfromhimislongoverdue.★undue:adj不適當(dāng)?shù)?過多的eg:Hegivesundueattentiontosmallproblems.

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15Cf:thin/slim/slender/lean/skinny/underweight/1.Thin

isageneralwordtodescribepeoplewhohavelittleornofatontheirbodies(oppositefat),butitoftensoundsalittlenegative.2.Ifyouwanttomakeclearthatsomeoneisthininapleasantway,youcansaytheyareslimor(lesscommon)slender.Youcanalsosaylean(=thininastrongandhealthyway)3.Ifsomeoneisabittoothintheyareskinny(informal),or

underweight

(thetechnicalword).

back16Cf:suspect/doubtdoubt:①tothinkthatsthmaynotbetrue★doubt(that)②tothinkthatsthisunlikely★doubtif/whethereg:Wesuspectthatheisill.Wedoubtwhetherheisill.

back17doubt的懷疑是指覺得什么東西不可能，比如idoubthishonesty.我懷疑他的誠實性，換句話說就是我覺得他不誠實。

suspect的懷疑是指覺得什么東西有可能怎么樣，比如isuspecthisisatheif.我懷疑他是小偷，也就是說，我覺得他很有可能是小偷。如果是idoubtheisatheif.則變成，我覺得（懷疑）他不是小偷。

中文都是用懷疑，那么到底是懷疑有可能，還是懷疑不可能，則通過上下文判斷。

比如，我懷疑他是小偷。這句話如果放在一段前面已經(jīng)講了這個人沒有作案動機后面，那么則是認(rèn)為他不是小偷。如果前面已經(jīng)講了這個人賊眉鼠眼，則是認(rèn)為他是小偷18doubt與suspect的用法比較doubt與suspect作動詞用，都有“懷疑”的意思，但實際上它們的用法還是有區(qū)別的。下面我們就來比較一下：一.如果后面接名詞、代詞或名詞性詞組時，兩者基本上可通用。例如：Idoubt/suspectthetruthofherstatement.我對她那番話的真實性表示懷疑。Hesayshecancureme，butIstilldoubt/suspecthim.他說他能治好我的病，但我仍對他不放心。

19二.如果后面接that從句，意思就截然不同。doubt意為“無把握；不相信（questionthetruthof；don'tbelieve/think）”，懷疑其無。suspect意為“有存在或?qū)賹嵉南敕?；相信（haveanideaoftheexistence；believe；guess）”，懷疑其有。例如：Idoubtthathehasstolenmywatch.我不相信他偷了我的手表。Isuspectthathehasstolenmywatch.我懷疑/猜想他偷了我的手表。Thedoctorsuspectedthathewasillwithflu.醫(yī)生懷疑/認(rèn)為他得了流感。這時doubt更多用于否定句或疑問句中。如：Idon'tdoubtthatheisright.我確信他是對的。Ididn'tdoubtthathewouldcome.我當(dāng)時相信他會來的。Whydidshedoubtthattheywerecheats？她為什么懷疑他們是騙子？Whatmadeyoususpectherofhavingtakenthemoney？你憑什么懷疑錢是她偷的20三.doubt用于肯定句中時，多接whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句，意義與that從句不同，這時意為“不敢肯定（feeluncertainabout）”。而suspect不可接這種從句。例如：Idoubtwhether/ifhe'llcome.我不敢肯定他來不來。It'sraininghard.Idoubtwhetheritwillbefinetomorrow.雨下得很大，我不敢說明天會晴。四.其他搭配。doubt可作不及物動詞，用于doubtofsth；suspect用于suspectsthtobe，suspectsbof（doing）sth.例如：Sheneverdoubtedofhissuccess.她從不懷疑他的成功。Isuspectedhimtobethespy.我認(rèn)為他就是那個間謀。21Politics:n:（復(fù)數(shù)）政見，政綱（單數(shù)）政治學(xué)eg:Whatareyourpolictics?★以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，當(dāng)它做“學(xué)科“以外的解釋時，或特別是在前加了定冠詞，物主代詞或等時，常常復(fù)用

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cf:assure/reassure/insure/ensure/makesure1)assure:ifyouassuresbofsth,youtellthemthatitisreallytrueorwillhappeneg:ThereceptionistassuredmethatIwouldnothavetowaitlong.2)reassure:youreassuresbwhoisworriedbytellingthemthatthereisnothingtoworryabouteg:Thedoctorreassuredmethattherewouldbenopain.3)insure:①youmayinsuresthagainststhbadhappeningtoitbypayingmoneytoaninsurancecompany②it’salsopossibletoinsureyourlifeagainstdeath,thoughwheresthiscertaintohappenoneday以十分肯定的語氣向別人保證某事一定發(fā)生eg:人壽保險lifeassurance（英）/lifeinsurance（美）4)ensure:ifyouensure(usu.insureinAmericanEnglish)thatsthhappens,thatmeansyoumakecertainormakesure(moreinformal)itdoeshappen確保某種行動或動因的結(jié)果一定會發(fā)生eg:Pleaseensurethatthelightsareswitchedoffbeforeleavingthebuilding。back23Insure:v:①tobuyinsurancetoprotectyourselfagainststhbadhappeningtoyou,yourfamilyetc★insure(sth/sb)againststheg:Itwouldbewisetoinsureyourpropertyagainststormdamage.②toprovideinsuranceforsthorsbeg:Heinsuredhishouseagainstfirefortenmillionyuan.Heinsuredhimselfagainstdeathfortenmillionyuan.

back24Cf:hardly/scarcely/barely

hardly:強“困難”,著重實際上不可能eg:Youcanhardlyexpectmetoofferyoua