2017年6月英語四級真題試卷-含答案第三套

2017年6月英語四級真題試卷-含答案第三套PartIWriting(30minutes)(請于正式開考后半小時內(nèi)完成該部分，之后將進行聽力考試)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellsomeofthecoursebooksyouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeabriefdescriptionoftheircontent,theircondition,theirpriceandyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1. A)Themajorityofdriversprefertodriveandparkthemselves.B) Humandriversbecomeeasilydistractedortiredwhiledriving.C) Mostdriversfeeluncertainaboutthesafetyofself-drivingcars.D) Mostdrivershavetestdrivencarswithautomaticbrakingfeatures.2. A)Theirdriverswouldfeelsafeaftergettingusedtotheautomaticdevices.B) Theywouldbeunpopularwithdriverswhoonlytrusttheirownskills.C) Theirincreasedcomfortlevelshaveboostedtheirsales.D) Theyarenotactuallyassafeasautomakersadvertise.Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.3. A)TheftsofsnowmobiledogsinAlaska.B) Aseriesofinjuriestosnowmobiledrivers.C) AttacksonsomeIditarodRacecompetitors.D) AseriousaccidentintheAlaskasportsevent.4. A)Hestayedbehindtolookafterhisinjureddogs.B)HehaswontheAlaskaIditarodRacefourtimes.C)HereceivedaminorinjuryintheIditarodRace.D)HehasquitthecompetitioninAlaskaforgood.Questions5to7arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Itsankintotheseaduetooverloading.B)ItranintoNicaragua’sBigCornIsland.

C)Itdisappearedbetweentwolargeislands.D)Itturnedoverbecauseofstrongwinds.6. A)13.B)25.C)30.D)32.A)Hehashelpedwiththerescueeffort.B)Heisbeinginvestigatedbythepolice.C)Hewasdrownedwiththepassengers.D)Heisamongthosepeoplemissing.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.centre.Bcentre.Bingcentre.B)Atacommunitycollege.C)Atanaccountancyfirm. D)AtanITcompany.9.A)Helpingoutwithdatainput. B)Arranginginterviews.C)Sortingapplicationforms. D)Makingphonecalls.10.A)Heenjoysusingcomputers.

B)Heneedsthemoneybadly.C)Hewantstoworkinthecitycentre. D)Hehasrelevantworkingexperience.A)Purchasesomebusinesssuits. B)Learnsomecomputerlanguage.C)Improvehisprogrammingskills. D)Reviewsomeaccountancyterms.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Theyarekeenonhightechnology. B)Theyarepoorattechnologyskills.C)TheyoftenlistentoNationalPublicRadio. D)Theyfeelsuperiorinscienceandtechnology.13.A)Japanese. B)Germans.C)Poles. D)Americans.14.A)Emailing. B)Texting.C)Science. D)Literacy.A)Itisundergoingadrasticreform. B)Itlaysemphasisoncreativethinking.C)Ithasmuchroomforimprovement. D)Itprioritizestrainingofpracticalskills.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyhavesmallroots.B)Theygrowwhiteflowers.C)Theytastelikeapples.D)TheycomefromCentralAfrica.A)Theyturnedfromwhitetopurpleincolor.B)Theybecamepopularontheworldmarket.

C)Theybecameanimportantfoodforhumans.D)Theybegantolooklikemodern-daycarrots.A)Theywerefoundquitenutritious.B)Therewereseriousfoodshortages.C)Peoplediscoveredtheirmedicinalvalue.

D)Farmmachineshelpedlowertheirprices.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Shecouldupdateherfamilyanytimesheliked.B)ShecouldcallupherfamilywhenevershelikedC)Shecouldlocateherfriendswherevertheywere.

D) Shecoulddownloadasmanypicturesassheliked.20.A)Shelikedtoinformherfriendsabouthersuccess.B) Sheenjoyedreadingherfriends’statusupdates.C) Shefeltquitepopularamongthem.D) Shefeltshewasateenageragain.21.A)Shecouldbarelyrespondtoallher500friends.B) Shespentmoretimeupdatingherfriendsthanherfamily.C) Shecouldbarelybalanceupdatesandherwork.D) Shedidn’tseemtobedoingaswellasherfriends.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theyhavestrongmuscles.B) Theylivealongerlifethanhorses.C) Theyeatmuchlessinwinter.D) Theycanworklongerthandonkeys.23. A)Itwasapetofanishking.B) ItwasboughtbyGeorgeWashington.C) Itwasbroughtoverfromin.U.S.tU.S.donatedbyaU.S.Ambassador.24. A)Theymetandexchangedideasonanimalbreeding.B) Theyparticipatedinamule-drivingcompetition.C) Theyshowedandtradedanimalsinthemarket.D) Theyfedmuleswiththebestfoodtheycouldfind.25. A)Thewideruseofhorses. B)Thearrivaloftractors.C)Ashrinkinganimaltrade. D)Agrowingdonkeypopulation.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asifyouneededanotherreasontohatethegym,itnowturnsoutthatexercisecanexhaustnotonlyyourmuscles,butalsoyoureyes.Fearnot,however,forcoffeecanstimulatethemagain.During(26)_______exercise,ourmusclestireastheyrunoutoffuelandbuildupwasteproducts.Muscleperformancecanalsobeaffectedbya(27)_______called"centralfatigue,”inwhichanimbalanceinthebody’schemicalmessengerspreventsthecentralnervoussystemfromdirectingmusclemovements（28)_______.Itwasnotknown,however,whethercentralfatiguemightalsoaffectmotorsystemsnotdirectly(29) _______intheexerciseitself,suchasthosethatmovetheeyes.Tofindout,researchersgave11volunteercyclistsacarbohydrate(碳水化合物的）(30)_______eitherwithamoderatedoseofcaffeine(咖啡因)，whichisknowntostimulatethecentralnervoussystem,orasaplacebo(安慰劑）without,during3hoursof(31)_______.Afterexercising,thescientiststestedthecyclistswitheyetrackingcamerastoseehowwelltheirbrainscouldstill(32)_______theirvisualsystem.Theteamfoundthatexercisereducedthespeedofrapideyemovementsbyabout8%,(33)_______theirabilitytocapturenewvisualinformation.Thecaffeine,theequivalentoftwostrongcupsofcoffee,was(34)_______toreversethiseffect,withsomecyclistsevendisplaying(35)_______eyemovementspeeds.Soitmightbeagoodideatogetsomeoneelsetodriveyouhomeafterthatmarathon.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。cautiouslyB)commitC)controlD)cyclingE)effectivelyF)increasedG)involvedH)limitedI)phenomenonJ)preventingK)sensitiveL)slowingM)solutionN)sufficientO)vigorousSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Teamspirit[A]Teamshavebecomethebasicbuildingblocksoforganizations.Recruitmentadvertisementsroutinelycallfor“teamplayers”.Businessschoolsgradetheirstudentsinpartontheirperformanceingroupprojects.Officemanagersknockdownwallstoencourageteambuilding.Teamsareasoldascivilization,ofcourse:evenJesushad12co-workers.ButanewreportbyDeloitte,“GlobalHumanCapitalTrends”,basedonasurveyofmorethan7,000executivesinover130countries,suggeststhatthefashionforteamworkhasreachedanewhigh.Almosthalfofthosesurveyedsaidtheircompanieswereeitherinthemiddleofrestructuringorabouttoembarkon(開始）it;andforthemostpart,restructuringmeantputtingmoreemphasisonteams.[B]Companiesareabandoningconventionalfunctionaldepartmentsandorganisingemployeesintocross-disciplinaryteamsthatfocusonparticularproducts,problemsorcustomers.Theseteamsaregainingmorepowertoruntheirownaffairs.Theyarealsospendingmoretimeworkingwitheachotherratherthanreportingupwards.Deloittearguesthataneworganisationalformisontherise:anetworkofteamsisreplacingtheconventionalhierarchy(等級體制).[C]Thefashionforteamsisdrivenbyasensethattheoldwayoforganisingpeopleistoorigidforboththemodemmarketplaceandtheexpectationsofemployees.Technologicalinnovationplacesgreatervalueonagility(靈活性).JohnChambers,chairmanofCiscoSystemsInc.,aworldwideleaderinelectronicsproducts,saysthat“wecompeteagainstmarkettransitions(過渡)，notcompetitors.Producttransitionsusedtotakefiveorsevenyears;nowtheytakeoneortwo.”Digitaltechnologyalsomakesiteasierforpeopletoco-ordinatetheiractivitieswithoutresortingtohierarchy.The“millennials”(千禧一代)whowillsoonmakeuphalftheworkforceinrichcountrieswereraisedfromnurseryschoolonwardstoworkingroups.[D]Thefashionforteamsisalsospreadingfromtheusualcorporatesuspects(suchasGEandIBM)tosomemoreunusualones.TheClevelandClinic,ahospitaloperator,hasreorganiseditsmedicalstaffintoteamstofocusonparticulartreatmentareas;consultants,nursesandotherscollaboratecloselyinsteadofbeingseparatedbyspeciality(專業(yè))andrank.TheUSArmyhasgonethesameway.Inhisbook,“TeamofTeams'GeneralStanleyMcChrystaldescribeshowthearmy’shierarchicalstructurehindereditsoperationsduringtheearlystagesoftheIraqwar.Hissolutionwastolearnsomethingfromtheinsurgentsitwasfighting:decentraliseauthoritytoself-organisingteams.[Eextraordinary...extraordinary...ssoonasgeneralsandhospitaladministratorsjumponamanagementbandwagon,itistimetoaskquestions.LeighThompsonofKelloggSchoolofManagementinIllinoiswarnsthat,‘Teamsarenotalwaystheanswer—teamsmayprovideinsight,creativityandknowledgeinawaythatapersonworkingindependentlycannot;butteamworkmayalsoleadtoconfusion,delayandpoordecision-making.”ThelateRichardHackmanofHarvardUniversityonceargued,“Ihavenoquestionthatwhenyouhaveateam,thepossibilityexiststhatitwillgeneratemagic,producingsomethingextraordinary...Butdon’tcountonit.”[F]Hackman(whodiedin2013)notedthatteamsarehamperedbyproblemsofco-ordinationandmotivationthatchipawayatthebenefitsofcollaboration.High-flyersforcedtoworkinteamsmaybeundervaluedandfree-ridersempowered.Groupthinkmaybeunavoidable.Inastudyof120teamsofseniorexecutives,hediscoveredthatlessthan10%oftheirsupposedmembersagreedonwhoexactlywasontheteam.Ifitishardenoughtodefineateam’smembership,agreeingonitspurposeisharderstill.[G]Profoundchangesintheworkforcearemakingteamstrickiertomanage.Teamsworkbestiftheirmembershaveastrongcommonculture.Thisishardtoachievewhen,asisnowthecaseinmanybigfirms,alargeproportionofstaffaretemporarycontractors.Teamworkimproveswithtime:America’sNationalTransportationSafetyBoardfoundthat73%oftheincidentsinitscivil-aviationdatabaseoccurredonacrew’sfirstdayofflyingtogether.However,asAmyEdmondsonofHarvardpointsout,organisationsincreasinglyuse“team”asaverbratherthananoun:theyformteamsforspecificpurposesandthenquicklydisbandthem.[H]Theleastthatcanbeconcludedfromthisresearchisthatcompaniesneedtothinkharderaboutmanagingteams.Theyneedtoridtheirmindsofsentimentalism(感情用事)：themostsuccessfulteamshaveleaderswhoareabletosetanoveralldirectionandtakeimmediateaction.Theyneedtokeepteamssmallandfocused:givingintopressuretobemore“inclusive”isaguaranteeofdysfunction.JeffBezos,Amazon’sboss,saysthat“IfIseemorethantwopizzasforlunch,theteamistoobig.”Theyneedtoimmunizeteamsagainstgroup-think:Hackmanarguedthatthebestonescontain“deviants”(離經(jīng)叛道者）whoarewillingtodosomethingthatmaybeupsettingtoothers.[I]Anewstudyof12,000workersin17countriesbySteelcase,afurniture-makerwhichalsodoesconsulting,findsthatthebestwaytoensureemployeesare“engaged”istogivethemmorecontroloverwhereandhowtheydotheirwork―whichmaymeanliberatingthemfromhavingtodoeverythingincollaborationwithothers.[J]However,organisationsneedtolearnsomethingbiggerthanhowtomanageteamsbetter:theyneedtobeinthehabitofaskingthemselveswhetherteamsarethebesttoolsforthejob.Teambuildingskillsareinshortsupply:Deloittereportsthatonly12%oftheexecutivestheycontactedfeeltheyunderstandthewaypeopleworktogetherinnetworksandonly21%feelconfidentintheirabilitytobuildcross-functionalteams.Looselymanagedteamscanbecomehotbedsofdistraction―employeesroutinelycomplainthattheycan’tgettheirworkdonebecausetheyareforcedtospendtoomuchtimeinmeetingsorcompelledtoworkinnoisyoffices.Evenintheageofopen-planofficesandsocialnetworkssomeworkisbestlefttotheindividual.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。36. Successfulteamleadersknowexactlywheretheteamshouldgoandareabletotakepromptaction.37. Decentralisationofauthoritywasalsofoundtobemoreeffectiveinmilitaryoperations.38. Inmanycompanies,theconventionalformoforganisationisgivingwaytoanetworkofteams.39. Membersofpoorlymanagedteamsareeasilydistractedfromtheirwork.40. Teamworkismosteffectivewhenteammemberssharethesameculture.41. AccordingtoareportbyDeloitte,teamworkisbecomingincreasinglypopularamongcompanies.42. Someteammembersfindithardtoagreeonquestionslikemembershipandtheteam’spurpose.43. Somescholarsthinkteamworkmaynotalwaysbereliable,despiteitspotentialtoworkwonders.44. Toensureemployees’commitment,itisadvisabletogivethemmoreflexibilityastowhereandhowtheywork.45. Producttransitionstakemuchlesstimenowthaninthepast.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheShoppersintheUKarespendinglessmoneyontoiletpapertosavemoney,researchhasshown.Penny-pinchingUKconsumerschoosecheaperproductsfromdiscounterssuchasAldiandLidlratherthanluxuryalternatives.Thishaswiped6%offthevalueofthesofttissuepapermarketintheUK.Ithasshrunkfrom￡1.19billionin2011to￡1.12billionin2015,accordingtoanewreportfrommarketresearchcompanyMintel.Furthermore,thefutureofthemarketlooksfarfromrosy,withsalesexpectedtofallfurtherto￡1.11billionin2016.Inthelastyearalone,despiteanincreaseintheUKpopulationandasubsequentriseinthenumberofhouseholds,salesoftoiletpaperfellby2%,withtheaveragehouseholdreducingtheirtoiletrollspendingfrom￡43in2014to￡41in2015.Overall,almostthreeinfivepeoplesaytheytrytolimittheirusageofpaper—includingfacialtissueandkitchenroll―tosavemoney.“Strength，softnessandthicknessremaintheleadingindicatorsoftoiletpaperquality,withjustasmallproportionofconsumerspreferringmoreluxuriousalternatives,suchasthosewithflowerpatternsofperfume,saidMintelanalystJackDuckett.''Theseextrafeaturesaredeemedunnecessarybythemajorityofshoppers,whichprobablyreflectshowthesetypesofproductsaretypicallymoreexpensivethanregulartoiletpaper,evenwhenonspecialoffer.”Whileconsumersarespendinglessontoiletpaper,theyremainfussy―intheoryatleast—whenitcomestopaperquality.TopofBritons’toiletpaperwishlistissoftness(57%)followedbystrength(45%)andthickness(36%).Onein10buyersrandtoiletrollsmadefromrecycledpaperamongtheirtopconsiderations,highlightinghowoveralltheenvironmentismuchlessofaconsiderationforshoppersthanproductquality.Inachallengeformanufacturers,81%ofpaperproductuserssaidtheywouldconsiderbuyingrecycledtoilettissueifitwerecomparableinqualitytostandardpaper.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。46. Themarketsalesoftoiletpaperhavedecreasedbecause .A) BritonshavecuttheirspendingonitB) itspriceshavegoneupovertheyearsC) itsqualityhasseenmarkedimprovementD) Britonshavedevelopedthehabitofsaving47.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofthetissuepapermarketintheUK?A)Itwillexpendintime.B)Itwillremaingloomy.C)Itwillexperienceupsanddowns.D)Itwillrecoveraspopulationgrows.48.WhatdoesJackDuckettsayabouttoiletpaper?A)Specialofferswouldpromoteitssales.B)Consumersareloyaltocertainbrands.C) Luxuriousfeaturesaddmuchtotheprice.D) Consumershaveavarietytochoosefrom.49.WhatdowelearnaboutBritonsconcerningtoiletpaper?A) Theyareparticularaboutthequalityoftoiletpaper.B) Theyemphasizethestrengthoftoiletpaperthemost.C) Theyprefercheaptoiletpapertorecycledtoiletpaper.D) Theyrejectusingtoiletpaperwithunnecessaryfeatures.50.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A) MoreandmoreBritonsbuyrecycledtoilerpapertoprotecttheenvironment.B) Toiletpapermanufacturersarefacingagreatchallengeinpromotingitssales.C) Toiletpapermanufacturerscompetewithoneanothertoimproveproductquality.D) EnvironmentalprotectionisnotmuchofaconcernwhenBritonsbuytoiletpaper.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“OneofthereasonsIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmokerwhenIwasyounger，”saysLindson-Hawley,whostudiestobaccoandhealthattheUniversityofOxford.Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthathermomquittherightway—bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely.Inherstudy,participantswererandomly(隨機地）assignedtotwogroups.Onehadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,goingfromaboutapackadaytozero.Theothercutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinbothgroupsusednicotine(尼古?。﹑atchesbeforetheyquit,inadditiontoasecondformofnicotinereplacement,likegumorspray.Theyalsohadtalktherapywithanursebeforeandafterquitday.Sixmonthsout,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithit—morethanone-fifthofthem,comparedtoaboutone-seventhintheothergroup.Althoughthesenumbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletrywithoutsupport.Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey’drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting.“Ifyou’retrainingforamarathon,youwouldn’texpecttoturnupandjustbeabletorunit.AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘Well，ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice，’”saysLindson-Hawley.Butthatwasn’tthecase.Insteadofgivingpeoplepractice,thegradualreductionlikelygavethemcravings(癮）andwithdrawalsymptomsbeforetheyevenreachedquitday,whichcouldbewhyfewerpeopleinthatgroupactuallymadeittothatpoint.“Regardlessofyourstatedpreference,ifyou’rereadytoquit,quittingabruptlyismoreeffective,”saysDr.GabrielaFerreira.“Whenyoucanquoteaspecificnumberlikeafifthofthepatientswereabletoquit,that’scompelling.Itgivesthemtheencouragement,Ithink,toreallygoforit，’’Ferreirasays.Peoplerarelymanagetoquitthefirsttimetheytry.Butatleast,shesays,theycanmaximizetheoddsofsuccess.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。51.WhatdoesLindson