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譯文金川二礦區(qū)礦井通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng)劉同友,趙千里(金川有色金屬公司,中國金川,737100,)劉劍,賈進(jìn)章(遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院,中國阜新,123000)摘要基于礦井通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng)的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀的綜述,按照金川二礦區(qū)對(duì)地面無主扇的特點(diǎn),采用在地下多級(jí)機(jī)站通風(fēng),通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng)由三個(gè)重要因素系統(tǒng)地決定,即通風(fēng)系統(tǒng),數(shù)學(xué)模型,計(jì)算機(jī)。與國內(nèi)外同類成果相比,對(duì)角聯(lián)分支自動(dòng)識(shí)別和網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征圖自動(dòng)繪制的仿真系統(tǒng)有獨(dú)特和特殊功能。網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化調(diào)節(jié)路徑的方法,基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最小調(diào)節(jié)功耗概念,通過系統(tǒng),是既不同于線性規(guī)劃也從非線性規(guī)劃。通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng)的可視化是在AUTOCAD環(huán)境下實(shí)現(xiàn)的。引言在礦井通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng)的研究領(lǐng)域,波蘭和美國學(xué)者的研究成果代表當(dāng)今世界先進(jìn)水平[1]。MFIRE可以進(jìn)行發(fā)火期間在坑內(nèi)氣流狀態(tài)、煙熏霧和溫度分布的過程模擬。VINETPC可以解決自然通風(fēng)壓力問。CANVENT是Windows系統(tǒng)下的第一個(gè)通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng),它的圖形界是在AUTOCAD環(huán)境下開發(fā)的,AutoWENT和AERO等也是在AUTOCAD環(huán)境下開發(fā)的。文獻(xiàn)討論穩(wěn)定和非穩(wěn)態(tài)下的礦井通風(fēng)仿真,F(xiàn)ortran源程序代碼也文獻(xiàn)中給出。目前它由波蘭科學(xué)院W.Dziurzynski教授和他的研究小組開發(fā)出真正的可視化VENTGRPH系統(tǒng)具有最大的影響力。在波蘭,70%的礦井采用該系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)包括:文本文件編輯器模塊EDTXT:火災(zāi)及逃離對(duì)一個(gè)人的生命模擬模塊EDESC;仿真可視化模塊EDRYS;穩(wěn)態(tài)溫度和煙熏霧計(jì)算模塊的GRAS下送風(fēng);網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖繪制模塊原理圖,它可以顯示節(jié)點(diǎn)的壓力能;個(gè)別巷道仿真模塊EKOGRAS;溫度仿真模塊熱敏電阻;防火和滅火,救援培訓(xùn)模塊CSRG;監(jiān)測(cè)和監(jiān)控模塊ESCWIN;數(shù)據(jù)分析和仿真模塊的ADIS;非穩(wěn)態(tài)下的火災(zāi)及逃離對(duì)一個(gè)人的生命模擬模塊POZAR和WYRZUT;通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和目標(biāo)不可分割的仿真模塊IZOPOZ等共12個(gè)子系統(tǒng)。金川有色金屬公司二礦區(qū)主要從事地下采礦作業(yè),日產(chǎn)礦石8000噸。目前有13個(gè)礦段,9輔助礦段,主要采用機(jī)械地下水平分層凝膠充填采礦法,在1998年礦井達(dá)到220萬噸的產(chǎn)量。如圖1所示,礦井井筒均采用斜井的開放系統(tǒng)。地下運(yùn)輸采用無軌25噸汽車和大型承載負(fù)荷刮刀,大約80無軌柴油設(shè)備每天都在使用,額定總功率為6200千瓦,每小時(shí)使用的柴油量500千克。如圖2所示,主通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)采用多級(jí)機(jī)站串聯(lián)和并聯(lián)抽壓聯(lián)合微正壓通風(fēng)系統(tǒng),有11扇地下車站,幾個(gè)進(jìn)聯(lián)通風(fēng)構(gòu)造,有250個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的363支經(jīng)過適當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)化。主要建設(shè)和二次改革后,目前第二礦區(qū)正進(jìn)行三級(jí)擴(kuò)建工程建設(shè)和通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化,認(rèn)為這三個(gè)階段存在的同步,是從設(shè)計(jì)方案更加不同,通風(fēng)和安全的管理是非常困難和復(fù)雜的,鑒于這些因素,金川有色金屬公司聯(lián)營公司與遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)開發(fā)礦井通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng)MVSS它可以用來通風(fēng)的設(shè)計(jì),管理和在災(zāi)難期間輔助決策,該系統(tǒng)還包括角聯(lián)分支自動(dòng)識(shí)別,礦井通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特性曲線圖,最佳的調(diào)節(jié)等特殊功能的其它相似的系統(tǒng)沒有。2.仿真模型當(dāng)氣流在巷道流動(dòng),它的速度v,密度ρ,壓力P和溫度T是空間(X,Y,Z)的函數(shù),它們形成三維流場(chǎng)如果風(fēng)流上的橫截面的變化不被考慮,然后空間(X,Y,Z)可以簡(jiǎn)化為一維線性變量s。在一維情況下,連續(xù)方程,運(yùn)動(dòng)方程,能量方程,狀態(tài)方程如式(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)所示。(2)(3)(4)(5)從式(3)得在一維穩(wěn)定流動(dòng)情況下的運(yùn)動(dòng)方程可表示為(6)通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以通過集合表示為(7)其中,G是通風(fēng)系統(tǒng);是支集合;V為節(jié)點(diǎn)集合;ei為支鏈I;Vi是節(jié)點(diǎn)I;n為總分支機(jī)構(gòu);m為總的節(jié)點(diǎn)。在論文中黑體字表示目前集合。風(fēng)量集合,空氣阻力集合,每一個(gè)分支的阻力集合可以單獨(dú)表示為(8)空氣阻力r和風(fēng)阻的記數(shù)形式是層流(9)紊流層流紊流(10)其中,P可以是自然通風(fēng)壓力,火風(fēng)壓及風(fēng)機(jī)通風(fēng)壓力等附加壓力相當(dāng)于空氣阻力值。網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,節(jié)點(diǎn)風(fēng)量平衡和回路風(fēng)壓平衡的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式分別表示為式(11)和式(12)(11)(j=1,2,…,n-m+1)(12)其中,Si為相關(guān)的G矩陣;CJI是回路矩陣。Crossescalator的方法是用來進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)風(fēng)量分布,回路風(fēng)量修正是(j=1,2,…,n-m+1)(13)其中,h是分支e不可分割性一階導(dǎo)數(shù);,其記數(shù)形式是式(10),它包括風(fēng)機(jī),自然通風(fēng)壓力,火風(fēng)壓。風(fēng)機(jī)的模型是(14)HF是風(fēng)扇的通風(fēng)壓力;A0?A5是風(fēng)扇特性曲線的常數(shù)項(xiàng),通過使用五次方程非穩(wěn)定工作區(qū)域風(fēng)扇和風(fēng)扇反演區(qū)域可以安裝;QF是風(fēng)扇的風(fēng)量;q為風(fēng)機(jī)設(shè)備和風(fēng)機(jī)站漏風(fēng)量;qn為風(fēng)網(wǎng)風(fēng)量,即有效的風(fēng)量,風(fēng)機(jī)站的漏風(fēng)R1等效空氣阻力;x是常數(shù),x=1~2。3.角聯(lián)分支分析角聯(lián)風(fēng)路的識(shí)別和穩(wěn)定性分析的礦井通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性分析理論的核心內(nèi)容之一,1925年波蘭學(xué)者H.Czeczott提出了角聯(lián)分支概念[7J首先,隨后H.Bystrofi定義角聯(lián)風(fēng)路[8]嚴(yán)格從對(duì)角支的氣流方向與相鄰分支的空氣阻力之間關(guān)系的使者。波蘭科學(xué)院W.Budryk國際知名采礦專家院士進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究[9]工作性質(zhì),氣流方向的判斷和E&ECT通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)等問題。表格一礦井通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng)的3要素通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型電子計(jì)算機(jī)巷道增減和新巷道掘進(jìn),遺棄舊巷道,通過工作面,丟棄工作面和封閉工作面。G→G’增加分支情況會(huì)變化:1.n’=n+1m’=m2.n’=n+1m’=m+13.n’=n+2m’=m+14.n’=n+2m’=m+25.n’=n+3m’=m+2相應(yīng)的節(jié)點(diǎn)可以保持不變而降低分支機(jī)構(gòu)選擇或構(gòu)造一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)對(duì)象窗口2.構(gòu)建分支對(duì)象3.設(shè)置節(jié)點(diǎn)屬性,當(dāng)n’>n+2時(shí),分支原始節(jié)點(diǎn)要替換為新的構(gòu)建節(jié)點(diǎn)。當(dāng)分支增加時(shí),相應(yīng)的節(jié)點(diǎn)應(yīng)該刪除或者保持不變。增減巷道斷面,或者改變巷道形狀,改變支付方式。斷面的形狀和尺寸有相應(yīng)的U,S。每個(gè)支付方式有各自的r=aLU/S3。選擇相應(yīng)的e1并改變r(jià)1的值。巷道崩落,礦車堵塞,巷道脆片,設(shè)置通風(fēng)門、窗戶等等。通風(fēng)構(gòu)筑物包括,增加通風(fēng)的風(fēng)窗和減少通風(fēng)的風(fēng)窗。分支ei變化,相應(yīng)的風(fēng)阻也變化。選擇相應(yīng)的分支ei和風(fēng)阻值ri底下或者地表安裝風(fēng)扇,減少地表或底下風(fēng)扇。串聯(lián)風(fēng)扇,并聯(lián)風(fēng)扇。當(dāng)有風(fēng)扇的時(shí)候就壓強(qiáng)差△P1,當(dāng)風(fēng)扇并聯(lián)時(shí)風(fēng)壓不變,風(fēng)量增加;當(dāng)風(fēng)扇串聯(lián)時(shí),風(fēng)量不變,風(fēng)壓增加。選擇相應(yīng)的ei,以及設(shè)置風(fēng)機(jī)參數(shù)可以去圖書館查閱f1改變風(fēng)扇葉片安裝角度從a0~a5改變分支相應(yīng)的參數(shù)關(guān)掉風(fēng)機(jī),測(cè)自然風(fēng)壓。比較局部壓差△pi,并注意方向。直接給出或者計(jì)算出來自然風(fēng)壓值。此外,W.Mu1ler,M.Kolarczyk等學(xué)者進(jìn)行了一系列的研究工作[10],研究重點(diǎn)集中在角聯(lián)風(fēng)路的氣流方向的判斷和角聯(lián)風(fēng)路對(duì)發(fā)火期的影響等問題。在通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)角聯(lián)風(fēng)路的利用人力和眼睛識(shí)別不僅是不科學(xué)的,也是能力的限制。通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)如圖3(a)所示,我們可以看到,E,E是角聯(lián)風(fēng)路,但很難判斷E7是否是角聯(lián)風(fēng)路,如果我們改變節(jié)點(diǎn)v3、v4的位置,圖形將變成圖3(b),那么我們就可以發(fā)現(xiàn),例如,E7是角聯(lián)風(fēng)路了。這是非常困難甚至是不可能的判斷分支在小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)中有8個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)和10個(gè)分支通過人力,難以判斷角聯(lián)風(fēng)路在大規(guī)模網(wǎng)絡(luò)是顯而易見的。1976年法國學(xué)者提出了一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)模型[11]來判斷基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)潢P(guān)系第一角聯(lián)分支,兩種方法給出,其中之一是對(duì)于非有向圖路徑法,另一種是集合的計(jì)算方法,后來他第二種方法被證明是假的。自動(dòng)識(shí)別角聯(lián)風(fēng)路模塊鑲嵌著模擬系統(tǒng)采用路徑集合的計(jì)算方法。它不僅可以給哪個(gè)分支是角聯(lián)分支,但也給其??影響角聯(lián)分支等對(duì)角線結(jié)構(gòu)的七元組相鄰的分支機(jī)構(gòu)[12,13,14](a)(b)圖34.通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征圖所謂通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特性曲線是在通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的每個(gè)分支是由一個(gè)矩形籠表達(dá),并布置為拓?fù)湎嚓P(guān)聯(lián)的關(guān)系。寬度矩形籠等于分支的空氣量,矩形籠的高度等于分支的電阻,矩形籠的面積等于功率消耗。(a)(b)圖4一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖如圖4(a)所示,對(duì)應(yīng)的通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特性曲線圖如圖4(b)所示,通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特性圖的字符可通過4線進(jìn)行說明。在通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特性圖橫線被稱為節(jié)點(diǎn)線,如VJVJ???,I$等在圖4(b)所示。在通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特性曲線的垂直線稱為回路線,如C?,C等在圖4(b)所示。水平線的切割通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特性曲線被稱為割集線。垂直線的切割通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特性曲線被稱為路徑一致。通風(fēng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特性曲線對(duì)礦井通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的管理具有原始和強(qiáng)大的功能。5.最佳的調(diào)節(jié)和可視化仿真系統(tǒng)其中一個(gè)礦井通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng)的重要功能是確定的網(wǎng)絡(luò),最佳的調(diào)節(jié)位置和數(shù)量的優(yōu)化調(diào)度方案,以盡量減少礦井風(fēng)機(jī)的功耗,采用MVSS最佳的調(diào)節(jié)方法是路徑的方法,與傳統(tǒng)的線性規(guī)劃比較和非線性規(guī)劃,它決定了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最小調(diào)節(jié)功耗,然后再散發(fā)出來的最佳調(diào)控路徑的方法。我們可以說,微量調(diào)節(jié)功耗,其算法的概念不是一種最佳方法,但測(cè)試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評(píng)價(jià),如果一個(gè)方法是最佳的。仿真系統(tǒng)采用面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)方法,程序在VisualC++5.0環(huán)境下編譯。雖然在MFC類庫CDC類提供BV的VisualC++具有強(qiáng)大的圖形繪制功能。但是來實(shí)現(xiàn)礦井通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng)的可視化版本的工作量是巨大,因此AUTOCAD被選為開發(fā)仿真系統(tǒng)的可視化平臺(tái)模塊。數(shù)據(jù)處理是進(jìn)行中的背景。在AUTOCAD環(huán)境下,點(diǎn),線,圓,弧等實(shí)體可以通過鼠標(biāo),鍵盤等方法方便地捕獲。它們的屬性,如圖層,線型,顏色等,可以進(jìn)行修改,實(shí)體也可以被移動(dòng),刪除,鏡像等一系列編輯的。但在礦井通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng)。在屏幕上繪制實(shí)體可以代表道路,節(jié)點(diǎn),風(fēng)扇,構(gòu)造等通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng)單位,屬性的單位是與通風(fēng)仿真相關(guān)聯(lián)的聲波參數(shù),如道路的屬性,包括風(fēng)量',空氣阻力系數(shù),阻力小,氣流速度,溫度,CO,稠度等。當(dāng)移動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)在屏幕上,并捕獲一個(gè)實(shí)體,系統(tǒng)應(yīng)WATH實(shí)體連接到通風(fēng)仿真系統(tǒng)的單位,其單位自動(dòng)屬性。聯(lián)合仿真系統(tǒng)的屬性,即通氣參數(shù)標(biāo)簽應(yīng)該可以查詢。當(dāng)?shù)V井的實(shí)際情況而有所不同,這些參數(shù)會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)生變化。由此可以看出,這是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的問題“AUTOCAD實(shí)體通過鼠標(biāo)捕捉和非自動(dòng)的CAD屬性。6.結(jié)論金川有色金屬公司二礦區(qū)的特點(diǎn)是在地面上沒有主扇風(fēng)機(jī),采用在地下多級(jí)機(jī)站通風(fēng)方式,風(fēng)扇安裝在地下,這類似于在發(fā)火期間通風(fēng)壓力,有可能導(dǎo)致相鄰分支空氣流動(dòng)扭轉(zhuǎn)。并形成閉合回路,這樣就不可能確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡,基于路徑的所有程序方法會(huì)失敗,所以MVSS是考慮到特殊性設(shè)計(jì)的程序。該系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)識(shí)別角聯(lián)分支,不僅可以判斷哪個(gè)分支是角聯(lián)分支之一,也是決定關(guān)聯(lián)分支機(jī)構(gòu)和構(gòu)造影響角聯(lián)分支的穩(wěn)定性,從而確定管理的重點(diǎn),確定保證安全性和可靠性。聯(lián)營公司與礦山空氣流動(dòng)狀態(tài)模擬,以其獨(dú)特而強(qiáng)大的管理功能,透明圖層功能,此外通風(fēng)方案和網(wǎng)絡(luò)地圖,管理和決策的自動(dòng)繪制,在災(zāi)難時(shí)的礦井通風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)有非常顯著的意義。MVSS的可視化在AUTOCAD環(huán)境下實(shí)現(xiàn)的,可以用AUTOCAD的強(qiáng)大的圖形功能,并能與采礦工程圖繪制,修改和管理相關(guān)聯(lián),與WENTGRAF相比,它的動(dòng)畫功能有一定的不足,如風(fēng)量顯示,煙熏霧的溫度變化,火災(zāi)期間內(nèi)人員逃生路線,人員培訓(xùn)等方面都需要進(jìn)一步研究。原文MINEVENTILATIONSIMULATIONSYSTEMOFJINCHUAN2ndMININGAREALiuTongyou,ZhaoQianli(Jinchuannonferrousmetalcompany,Jinchang,737100,China)LiuJian&JiaJinzhang(ResourceandEnvironmentEngineeringInstitute,LiaoningTechnicalUiuversityFuxin123000,China)ABSTRACTBasedonasummerytothehomeandabroadresearchactualityofminevenhlationsimulationsystem,inaccordancewiththecharactersthatJinchuan2ndminehasnomainfanongroundsurface,multipolarfanstationsareadoptedtoventilateunderground,threeelementfactorsofsimulationsystemaredeterminedsystematically,namelyventilationsystem,mathematicalmodel,computer.Comparingwithhomeandabroadsimilarachievements,diagonalbranchautomaticidentificationandnetworkcharacteristicgraphautomaticdrawareuniqueandspecialfunctionsofthesimulationsystem.Networkoptimizationalregulationpathmethod,basedonnetworkminimalregulationpowerconsumptionconception,adoptedbythesysteiii,isdiDerentnotonlyfromlinearprogrammingbutalsofromnonlinearprogramming.ThevisualizationofventilahonsimulationsystemisrealizedunderAutoCADenvironment.1.INTRODUCTIONIntheresearchdomainofmineventilationsimulationsystem,PolandandAmericascholar“sresearchachievementrepresentnowadaysworldadvancedlevel[l].MFIRE[2]cancarryoutsimulahontoairflowstateandsmokyfogandtemperaturedistributioninthepitduringfireperiod.VINETPC[I]cansolvenaturalventilationpressureproblemCANVENT[3]isthefirstventilationsimulationsystemunderWindowssystem,it’sgraphicinterfaceisdevelopedunderAutoCADenvironment,AutoWENTandAEROandsoon[I]aredevelopedunderAutoCADenvironmenttoo.Documentation[4Jdiscussmineventilationsimulationundersteadyandnonsteadystate,Fortransourceprogramcodeisalsogiveninthedocument.AtpresentthetruevisualVENTGRPHsystemwhichdevelopedb\PolandscienceacademyiI.0ziurzyiiskiprofessorandhisresearchgrouphasthemostinfluence.InPoland70percentminesadoptthesystem,thesysteminclude:textfileeditormoduleEDTXT:fireandfleeforone’slifesimulationmoduleEDESC;simulationvisualmoduleEDRYS;airdistributionundersteadystateandtemperatureandsmokyfogcalculatingmoduleGRAS;networkgraphdrawingmoduleSCHEMATwhichcanshownodepressureenergy;indivaldualroadwaysimulationmoduleEKOGRAS;temperaturesimulanonmoduleTHERM;firepreventionandfireextinctionandrescuingtrainmoduleCSRG;monitoringandsupervisorymoduleESCWIN;dataanalysisanésimulationmoduleADIS;fireandfleeforone’slifesimulationmodulePOZARandWYRZUTundernonsteadystate;ventilationnetworkandgoalintegralsimulationmoduleIZOPOZandsoonaltogether12sub-system.Jinchuannonferrousmetalcompany2ndmineareatakesonmainundergroundminingtaskofwholecompany,dailyyieldoforeis8000t.Atpresentthereare13miningsections,9auxiliaryminingsections,mainlyadoptmechanicalunderhanddelaminationhorizontaladmissioncementingfillingminingmethod,in1998yieldofminereaches2.2millionton.AsshowinFig.1themineadoptsshaft,maininclinedapproach,peltinclinedshaftassociatedopeningsystem.Undergroundtransportationadoptstrackless25toncarandlarge-sizedcarryloadscraper,About80tracklessdieseloilequipmentareusedeveryday,nominaltotalpoweris6200kw,hourlydieseloilamountusedis500kg.AsshowinFig..2mainventilationsystemadoptsmultipolarfanstationsseriesandparallel,exhaustandblowinguaitedmicropositivepressureventilationfashion,thereare11fanstationsunderground,severaldecaventilationconstructors,thereare250nodesand363branchesinthenetworkafterpropersimplify.Afterprimaryconstructionandsecondaryreform,atpresent2ndmineareaisproceedingtertiaryextensionengineeringconstruction,theventilationsystem,considersthethreeexistencestagesynchronously,ismoredi&erentfromthedesignscheme,themanagementofventilationandsafetyisverydifficultandcomplex,Whereasthesefactors,JinchuannooferrousmetalcompanyassociatewithLiaoningtechnicaluniversitydevelopmineventilationsimulationsystemMVSSwhichcanbeusedtoventilationdesign,managementandauxiliarydecisionduringdisasterperiod,thesystemalsoincludediagonalbranchautomaticidentification,minevenfilationnetworkcharacterisncgraph,optimumregulafionandsoonspecialfunctionswhichothersimilarsystemswithout,.MglJinckuoodlsdonsystemzoap F1g,2Jinchusnventilationnetworliinsp2.SIMULATIONMODELWhenairflowflowsinroadway,it’sspeedv,densityp,pressurepandtemperaturetarefunctionsofspace(x:,y,z),theyformathree-dimensionalflowfield(1)Ifthevariationofflowoncrosssectionisnotbeconsidered,thenspace(i:,y,z)canbesimplifiedtoone-dimensionallinearvariables.Atonedimensioncasethecontinuousequation,motionequation,energyequation,stateequationareshowasform(2),form(3),form(4),form(5)separately.Amongform(3),Atonedimensionsteadyflowcasemotionequationcanbeshowedas:(6)Ventilationnetworkcanbeshowedbycollectionas: where,Gisventilationsystem;Iisbranchcollection;I"isnodecollection;e,isbranchI;v,isnodeI;iiistotalofbranches;inistotalofnodes.Inthepaperbold-facesymbolpresentcollection.Airquantitycollection,airresistancecollection,resistancecollectionofeverybranchescanbeshowedseparatelyas: Numerationformsofairresistancerandresistance/fareturbulentcurrentlaminarcurrent(9)turbulentcurrentlaminarcurrent(10)where,pcanbenaturalventilationpressure,fireventllafionpressureandfanventilationpressureandsononadditionalequivalentairresistancevalue.Amongnetwork,mathematicsexpressionsofnodeairquantitybalanceandcircuitventilationpressurebalanceareshowedasform(I1)andform(12)separately:(j=1,2,…,n-m+1)where,s?isassociatedmatrixofI?;Cy;iscircuitmatrix.Crossescalatormethodisusedtoproceednetworkairquantitydistribution,circuitairquantitycorrectoris(j=1,2,…,n-m+1)(13)where,h;’’isfirstderivativeofintegralresistanceofbranche;,whosenumerationformisform(10),whichincludesfan,naturalventilationpressure,fireventilationpressure.Modeloffanis(14)isventilationpressureoffan;a0~a5areconstanttermsoffancharacteristiccurve,byusingquinticequationnonsteadyworkingzoneoffanandcharacteroffaninversionzonecanbefitted;qfisairquantityoffan;qisairleakagequantityoffanequipmentandfanstations;qNisairquantityofnetwork,namelyeffectiveairquantity;r1equivalentairresistanceofairleakageoffanstation;xisvalue,The3elementfactorsofJinchuannonferrousmetalcompany2ndmineareaventilationsimulationsystemareshowedastable1.3.ANALYSISTODIAGONALBRANCHESIdentificationandstabilityanalysisofdiagonalbranchesisoneofthecorecontentofmineventilationsystemstabilityandreliabilityanalysistheory,In1925PolandscholarH.Czeczottbroughtforwarddiagonalbranchconcept[7Jfirstly,AfterwardsH.Bystrofidefineddiagonalbranches[8]strictlyfromtheangelofrelationbetweenairflowdirectionofdiagonalbranchesandairresistanceofadjacentbranches.InternationalfamousminingexpertacademicianofPolandsciencesacademyW.Budrykhasproceededsystematicallyresearch[9)worktocharacter,judgmentofairflowdirectionande&ecttoventilationsystemandsoonproblems.Moreover,W.Mu1ler,M.Kolarczykandsoonscholarsproceededaseriesofresearchworks[10),researchemphasisfocusonairflowdirectionjudgmentofdiagonalbranchesandeffectofdiagonalbranchesduringfireperiodandsoonproblems.VentilationsystemMathematicalmodelComputerIncreaseanddecreaseofroadwayanddigofnewroadway,discardofoldroadway,pass-throughofworkingface;discardandsealingofworkingface.G→G’5caseswilloccurwhilebranchesareincreased:1.n’=n+1m’=m2.n’=n+1m’=m+13.n’=n+2m’=m+14.n’=n+2m’=m+25.n’=n+3m’=m+2Correspondingnodescankeepinvariantwhilebranchesaredecreased.1.toselectorconstructanodeobjectinwindow;2toconstructbranchobjects;3.tosetattributeofnodesandbranches.Whenn’>n+2payattentiontothatoriginalobjectsofbrancheswillbereplacedbytwonewconstructedobjects.whenbranchesdecrease,correspondingbranchesshouldberemoved,nodscankeepinvariant.Increase,decreaseandshapevariationofroadwaycross-section;variantofsupportfashion.Sizeandshapeofcross-sectioncorrespondwithU,S;supportfashioncorrespondwithr=aLU/S3Toselectcorrespondinge1inwindow,changer1value.Cavingofroadway;blockageofminecar,debrisinroadway;setairdoors,airwindowsandsoonventilationconstructors;enlargeareaofairwindows;Reduceareaofairwindowsandsoon.Variantbranchisei,localairresistanceofcorrespondingbranchwilloccurchangeToselecteiinwindow,changevalueri.Installfanongroundsurfaceorunderground;removefanongroundsurfaceorunderground;fanseries;fanparallel.Whenfanexist,△Piinform.Fanparallel,ventilationpressureisequal,airquantityadd;fanseries,airquantityisequal,ventilationpressureadd.Toselecteiandsetfanmarksexistornot,selectf1infanlibrary.Changebladesangleoffanchangea0~a5TochangecorrespondingfannamesofbranchesFireventilationpressure;naturalventilationpressure.Compositionpartof△Pi,payattentiontodirections.Togivevaluedirectlyorcalculate.Identificationofdiagonalbranchesinventilationnetworkbyusingmanpowerandeyesisnotonlyunscientific,butalsoabilitylimit.AventilationnetworkisshowedasFig.3(a),wecanseethate,eisdiagonalbranches,butitisdifficulttojudgeifeg,diagonalbranches,ifwealterpositionofnodev3,vthefigurewillchangetoFig.3(b),thenwecanfindthateg,e7arediagonalbranchestoo.Itisverydifficultorevenimpossibletojudgebranchesinasmallnetworkwith8nodesand10branchesbymanpower,thedifficultytojudgediagonalbranchesinlarge-scalenetworkisobvious.In1976Frenchscholarbroughtforwardamathematicalmodel[11]tojudgediagonalbranchbasedonnetworktopologyrelationFirstly,twomethodsaregiven,oneofthemispathmethodfornon-directedgraph,theotheroneiscollectioncalculationmethod,laterhissecondmethodisprovedtobefalse.Automaticidentificationofdiagonalbranchesmoduleembededinthesimulationsystemadoptspathcollectioncalculationmethod.Itcannotonlygiveswhichbranchisdiagonalbranchbutalsogivesadjacentbrancheswhichaffectdiagonalbranchandsoondiagonalstructureseven-elementgroup[12,13,14]. (b)4.VENTILATIONNETWORKCHARACTERISTICGRAPHSo-calledventilationnetworkcharacteristicgraphisthateverybranchinventilationnetworkisexpressedbyarectangularcage,andarrangedastopologyassociatedrelation.WidthofrectangularcageisequaltoairquanDtyofthebranch,heightofrectangularcageisequaltoresistanceofthebranch,areaofrectangularcageisequaltopowerconsumption.AnetworkgraphisshowedasFig.4(a),correspondingventilationnetworkcharacteristicgraphisshowedasFig.4(b),characterofventilationnetworkcharacteristicgraphcanbedescribedbyfourlines.Transverselineinvennlanonnetworkcharacteristicgraphiscalledasnodeline,suchasVjVj???,I$andsooninFig.4(b).Verbcallineinventilationnetworlicharacteristicgraphiscalledascircuitline,suchasCj,CandsooninFig.4(b).Horizontallinewhichcutsvenfilationnetworkcharacteristicgraphiscalledascutsetline.Verticallinewhichcutsvenfilationnetworkcharacteristicgraphiscalledaspathline.Ventilationnetworkcharacteristicgraphhasoriginalandpowerfulfunctiononmanagementofmineventilationsystem.5.OPTIMUMREGULATIONANDVISUALIZATIONOFSIMULATIONSYSTEMOneoftheimportantfunctionsofmineventilationsimulationsystemistodetermineoptimumregulationschemeofnetwork,optimumregulatingpositionandquantitysoastominimizepoxxerconsumptionofminefan,optimumregulationmethodadoptedbyMVSSispathmethod,comparewithtraditionallinearprogrammingandnonlinearprogramming,itdeterminesminimumregulatingpowerconsumptionofnetvxorkatfirst,thencomesouttheoptimumregulationbypathmethod.Wecansaythattheconceptofminimuiriregulationpowerconsumptionanditsalgorithmisnotakindofoptimummethod,butateststandardtoevaluateifamethodisoptimum.Thesimulationsystemadoptsobjectorientedprogramdesignmethod,theprogramiscompiledunder.VisualC++5.0environment.AlthoughCDCclassinMFCclasslibrarysuppliedbvVisualC++haspowerfulgraphdrawingfunction.buttheworkloadisverhugetoimplementxisualizationofmineventilationsimulationsystem,soAutoCADisselectedasdevelopflatroofinduleofsimulationsystemxisualization.datahandlingisproceededinthebac1:ground.UnderAutoCADenvironment,points,lines,circles,arcsandsoonentitiescanbecapturedexpedientlybymouse.keyboardandsoonfashions,theirattributes,suchasdrawinglay‘er,linetype,colorandsoon,canbemodified,entitiescanalsobemoved,deleted,mirroredandsoonaseriesofedit.Butinmineventilationsimulationsystem.entitiesdrawingonscreencanrepresentroadway,node,fan,constructorandsoonventilationsimulationsystemunits,attributesofunitsaresonicparametersassociatewithv'enti1ationsimulation,suchasattributesofroadwayincludingairquantity',airresistancecoefficients,resistance,airspeed,temperature,CO,consistencyandsoon.Whenmousemovingonscreenandcaptureaentity,systemshouldconnectwaththeentitytoaunitofvennlationsimulationsystemanditsunitattributesautomatically.Uniteattributesofsimulationsystemnamelyventilationparametersshouldcanquery,label.Whentheactualstateofminevary,theseparametersshouldvaryautomatically.Thusitcanbeseen,itisakey'problemtocaptureAutoCADentitybymouseandconnectwithnon-AutoCAD-attributcs.6.CONCLUSIONSTheoutstandingcharactersofJinchuannonferrousmetalcompany2ndlBlnt2areaarewithoutmainfanongroundsurface,adoptsmultipolarfanstationsventilationfashionunderground,fansareinstalledunderground,whichsimilartofireventilationpressureduringfireperiod,itispossibletoleadtoairflouofadjacentbranchesreverse.andformclosedcircuits,suchitisimpossibletodeterminepatliesofthenetwork,allprogrammethodsbasedonpathwillfail,soMVSSshouldtakeintoaccounttheparticularitywhileprogramdesign.Automaticidentificationofdiagonalbranchescannotonlyjudgewhichbranchisdiagonalone,butalsodetermineassociatedbranchesandconstructorswhichaffectstabilityofdiagonalbranch,therebythemanageemphasisisdetermined,definiteguaranteesafetyandreliabilityofthesystem.Anditsautomaticdrawingofventilationcharacteristicgraphfunction,associatewithmineairfloxvstatesimulation,withitsuniqueandpowerfulmanagementfunctionwhicllventilationplanandnetworkmapwithout,hasverysignificantmeaningtomineventilationdesign,managementanddecisionduringdisaster.VisualizationofMVSSisimplementedunderAutoCADenvironment,thepowerfulgraphicsfunctionofAutoCADcanbeused,andcanassociatewithdraw,modificationandmanagementofminingengineeringmap,comparingwithWENTGRAF,itsanimationfunctionhassomeshortages,howtOdisplayflow,temperaturevariationofsmokyfog,personnelfleeforone’sliferouteandcourseandsononaspectsduringfireperiodneedfurtherresearch.REFERENCES[1)WaclawDziurzyfiski.Numericalsimulationofwentilationpnxesscomputerprograms.Katowice:SekcjaAerologiiGomiczejKomitetuGémictwaPAN,MATERIALYISzkolaAerologiiGémiczej,1999[2]XChang,LWLaage,REGreuer.Auser’smanualforMFIRE:Acomputersimulationprogramformineventilationandfiremodelling.USBureauofMines,InformationCircula9245.[3]SGHardcastle.3DCANVENTaninteractivemineventilationsimlator.Proceedingsofthe7o'USMineVODtilBtionSymposium,Lexington,Kentucky,1995.[4]WaclawikAlgorytmyiprog

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