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句子成分(句子結(jié)構(gòu))和詞性1.差異句子成分和單詞詞性:錯(cuò)誤!句子成分:主語(yǔ)、主補(bǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu).錯(cuò)誤!單詞詞性;名詞,形容詞,副詞,代詞,介詞,數(shù)詞,量詞。2.解析句子成分;錯(cuò)誤!主語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)一般由名詞,代詞,動(dòng)名詞也許動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng).動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式一般用it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ).●名詞做主語(yǔ):Englishisveryimportant.英語(yǔ)是很重要的。ThestudentsalllovetheirEnglishteacher。這些學(xué)生都愛他們的英語(yǔ)老師?!翊~作主語(yǔ)Theygotoschoolbybus。他們乘公共汽車上學(xué)。Mostofthestudentscomefromthecountryside.大多數(shù)學(xué)生來自農(nóng)村?!駝?dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes??措娨曁鄬?duì)你的眼睛是有害的?!駝?dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)Toseeistobelieve.目擊為實(shí)。Itisveryhardtogettosleep。入睡很難.(講解同上)錯(cuò)誤!謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng),可作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(也就是行為動(dòng)詞)和連系動(dòng)詞(表狀態(tài)),行為動(dòng)詞依照此后可否可直接接賓語(yǔ),又可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞.但動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞(此刻分詞-ing和過去分詞—ed)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能夠作謂語(yǔ)。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞特別多,如kill,hit,cry等等。有時(shí)還有神情動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形做謂語(yǔ),神情動(dòng)詞有will(would),cancould),may(might),must,need,dear,shall(should)等及其否定形式,這里就不一一說了然。系動(dòng)詞包括:狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be、連續(xù)系動(dòng)詞keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand、表像系動(dòng)詞seem,appear,look、感官系動(dòng)詞feel,smell,sound,taste、變化系動(dòng)詞become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run、停止系動(dòng)詞prove,trunout.在初中階段,我們只要掌握以下幾個(gè)系動(dòng)詞即可:sound聽,watch,see觀,feel感,make使,let讓,help幫。■及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)Weshouldhelpeachother.我們應(yīng)該互相幫助.Theyrespectoneanother.他們互相敬愛(對(duì)方).Allofthestudentslikethenovel.所有這些學(xué)生都喜歡這本小說。Didyouseemanypeoplethere?你在那處看見好多人了嗎?■不及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)Helefthereyesterday.他昨天走開這兒。You’redrivingtoofast.你開車開得太快了。Theteachercamein,bookinhand。老師走進(jìn)教室,手里拿著書.HewentabroadintheSeptemberof1988。他于1988年9月出國(guó)?!鲞B系動(dòng)詞表狀態(tài)Heisanexcellentteacher.他是位優(yōu)秀的教師.Hersonisafriendofours。她的兒子是我們的朋友。Oursisagreatcountry。我們的國(guó)家是一個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家。Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.箱子自己其實(shí)不重。Weseehimsingingintheclassroom.我們看見他正在教室里唱歌。Tommadehismotherveryangry。湯姆讓他媽媽很生氣.3表語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)與連系動(dòng)詞連用,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),說明主語(yǔ)的身份或特色,一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、○動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞、數(shù)詞等充當(dāng)。Theyarebrotherandsister。他們是兄妹。名詞WhatIwanttosayisthis.我想說的就是這點(diǎn)。代詞Herfatherissixty—five。她父親65歲.數(shù)詞Johniscaptainoftheteam。約翰是足球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng).名詞Thepoorboywasmyself。那個(gè)可憐的孩子就是我自己.反身代詞Theoneswhoreallywantitareourselves.真切想要它的是我們自己.反身代詞1Allyouneeddoistotakeataxifromtheairport。你只要從機(jī)場(chǎng)打個(gè)的即可。動(dòng)詞不定式Myfavouritesportisswimming。我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳。動(dòng)名詞Heissinginginthecalssroom。他正在教室里唱歌.分詞(—ing)Tommadehismotherveryangry。湯姆讓他媽媽很生氣。形容詞錯(cuò)誤!賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)詞(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)的對(duì)象,一般可分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ),充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的能夠是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或整個(gè)句子。IlikeChinesefood。我喜歡中國(guó)菜。名詞IboughtaticketforMilan。我買了一張去米蘭的車票.名詞Ienjoyedtalkingtoyou。我和你發(fā)言很快樂。動(dòng)名詞Haveyoufinisheddressing?你衣服穿好了嗎?動(dòng)名詞Hecertainlydidnotwanttojointhem.他確實(shí)不想?yún)⒓铀麄兊幕顒?dòng)。動(dòng)詞不定式Theydecidedtoclosetheborder。他們決定封閉邊境.動(dòng)詞不定式Wehopedthatallwouldcomewell.我們希望所有都會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)。句子Weexpectedthatyouwouldstayforafewdays。我們預(yù)計(jì)你會(huì)待幾天的。句子錯(cuò)誤!定語(yǔ):定語(yǔ)為句子的次要成分,起修飾限制名詞或代詞的作用,可分為前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)。一般由形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(短語(yǔ))或句子充當(dāng)。Hisfatherisadoctor。他父親是一名醫(yī)生.形容詞性物主代詞Mr。Greenhastwosons.格林先生有兩個(gè)兒子。數(shù)詞ThegirlunderthetreeisKate。在樹底下的那個(gè)女孩是凱特。介詞短語(yǔ)Themandownstairscouldn’wetsleepl。樓下的那個(gè)人不能夠睡好覺。副詞Iboughtanewdictionary.我買了本新字典。形容詞Canyoufindouttheanswertothequestion?你能找到這個(gè)問題的答案嗎?介詞短語(yǔ)Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想要些喝的東西嗎?動(dòng)詞不定式Abarkingdogseldombites.吠狗很少咬人.分詞(-ing)Amangoingtodieisalwayskind—hearted.人之將死,其言也善。分詞(—ing)Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasadopted.送往委員會(huì)的建議被采納了。分詞(-ed)DoyouknowthemanwhoisstandingnexttoMr。Green?你認(rèn)識(shí)站在格林先生旁邊的那個(gè)人嗎?定語(yǔ)從句錯(cuò)誤!狀語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞,主要由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞充當(dāng),或由連詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、目的、方式,比較、退步、條件、原因、結(jié)果、陪同等.(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Ioftengetupat5:30inthemorning.我經(jīng)常在清早5:30起床。Hearingthenews,theyfeltveryexcited。聽到這個(gè)信息,他們感覺很愉悅。Goalongthisstreetuntilyoureachtheend。沿著這條街走直到到達(dá)終點(diǎn)為止.(2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)PandasonlyliveinChina.熊貓僅生活在中國(guó)。Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas。你應(yīng)該把這本書放回原來的地方.(3)程度狀語(yǔ)Ihavequitealotofworktodo.我有相當(dāng)多的工作要做。(4)目的狀語(yǔ)We’llgotothebeachforapicnicthisSunday。這個(gè)星期天我們將去沙灘野炊。Hetooksomechangefromhispockettobuyanewspaper.他從口袋里拿出一些零錢來買報(bào)紙.Shegotupearlysothatshecouldcatchthefirstbus.她早早地起床,以便能夠追上這輛早班車。(5)方式狀語(yǔ)Weusuallygotoschoolonfoot.我們平時(shí)步行去上學(xué)。PleasedoitasItoldyou。請(qǐng)按我告訴你的去做。6)退步狀語(yǔ)Thoughshehasalotofmoney,sheisunhappy。誠(chéng)然她很有錢,而她其實(shí)不幸福。Nomatterwhathappens,Iwillneverloseheart.無論發(fā)生什么,我將決不失去信心。(7)條件狀語(yǔ)Ifyoudon'tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheothers假.如你不努力學(xué)習(xí),你將落后于別人。Givenmoreattention,theflowerswouldhavegrownbetter。若是恩賜更多的關(guān)心的話,這些花將長(zhǎng)得更好.(8)比較狀語(yǔ)Yourwatchisnotthesameasmine.你的手表與我的不一樣樣。2Mikeisnotas(so)tallasJack.邁克不及杰克高。9)原因狀語(yǔ)Wedidn’gottotheparkbecauseofthebadweather.由于天氣不好,我們沒有去公園。I'mgladtomeetyou。見到你我很快樂。Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschool。由于病了,他沒有去上學(xué)。10)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.風(fēng)是這樣地強(qiáng)烈,以致于我們寸步難行。Heleftearly,sothathecaughtthetrain.他早早地走開,(結(jié)果)因此追上了火車。11)陪同狀語(yǔ)Thedoctorhurriedoff,withamedicineboxunderhisarm。這位醫(yī)生趕忙走開,胳膊下夾著一個(gè)藥箱子。Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyagroupofhisstudents.老師進(jìn)到教室里來,后邊跟著一群學(xué)生。7賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(賓補(bǔ)):賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主要用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ),與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,可由名詞、○形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。如:Tomfoundtheclimbquiteeasy。湯姆感覺爬山很簡(jiǎn)單。形容詞Don'tbesoformal.CallmeJim。不要這樣正規(guī),叫我吉姆好了。名詞I’mfinished.Let’sgonow。我已干完,我們走吧。形容詞Youmustkeepitclean.你要把它保持干凈。形容詞Ihavethecarwaiting。我讓汽車等著。分詞(—ing)Wehadthemachinerepaired。我們請(qǐng)人維修了機(jī)器。分詞(—ed)Whydon’tyouhaveyourhaircut?你為什么不理發(fā)?分詞(-ed)Hehadhisfingerhurt.他的手指弄傷了。分詞(—ed)Ihadmywatchstolenyesterday。我的表昨天被人偷去了。分詞(-ed)Ihavealotofworktodo。我有好多工作要做。動(dòng)詞不定式Shehasplentyofclothestowear。她有足夠的衣服穿.動(dòng)詞不定式Hemademerepeatthestory。他要我把那事重講一遍.動(dòng)詞不定式不帶toRainmakesplantsgrow.雨水使植物生長(zhǎng)。動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to注意:后跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有call,name,think,make,choose等,后跟形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有keep,find,get,think,make等。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞(如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等),使役動(dòng)詞(如let,have,make等),動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。錯(cuò)誤!同位語(yǔ):若兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法單位指同一個(gè)人或事物,并且,句法功能也相同,那么,后一項(xiàng)稱為前一項(xiàng)的同位語(yǔ).如:ThisismyfriendHarry.這是我的朋友哈利。Westudentsshouldstudyhard。我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí).獨(dú)立成分(獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)):與句子其他成分沒有平時(shí)的語(yǔ)法關(guān)系,如插入語(yǔ)、惋惜語(yǔ)、呼語(yǔ)等,一般用逗號(hào)將它與句子隔開.如:He'saniceperson,tobesure。必然他是一個(gè)好人。Strangetosay,hedidpasshisexamafterall.說也奇怪,考試他竟然經(jīng)過了。時(shí)態(tài)一、一般此刻時(shí):看法:經(jīng)常、屢次發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及此刻的某種情況。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don't,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn’t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句:①把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do提問,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。二、一般過去時(shí):看法:過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞否定形式:①was/were+not;②行家為動(dòng)詞前加didn’t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句:①was或were放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。3三、此刻進(jìn)行時(shí):看法:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing。一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí):看法:表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等?;窘Y(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing否定形式:was/were+not+doing。一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首。五、此刻完成時(shí):看法:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)此刻造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,連續(xù)到此刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):recently,lately,sincefor,inthepastfewyears,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu):have/has+done否定形式:have/has+not+done.一般疑問句:have或has。六、過去完成時(shí):看法:以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過去某動(dòng)作以前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month,etc).基本結(jié)構(gòu):had+done。否定形式:had+not+done.一般疑問句:had放于句首.七、一般將來時(shí):看法:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon,inafewminutes,by,thedayaftertomorrow,etc?;窘Y(jié)構(gòu):①am/is/are/goingto+do;②will/shall+do。否定形式:①was/were+not;②行家為動(dòng)詞前加didn’t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。八、過去將來時(shí):看法:立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):thenextday(morning,year),thefollowingmonth(week),etc。基本結(jié)構(gòu):①was/were/goingto+do;②would/should+do。否定形式:①was/were/not+goingto+do;②would/should+not+do。一般疑問句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。Ⅱ。幾種常見時(shí)態(tài)的互相變換英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在必然情況下能夠互相變換,以下是幾種常見的變換形式:一、一般過去時(shí)與此刻完成時(shí)的變換在此刻完成時(shí)中,連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,剎時(shí)動(dòng)詞卻不能夠。但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①剎時(shí)動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間+ago"的一般過去時(shí)的句型中;②剎時(shí)動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ),與一段時(shí)間連用;③剎時(shí)動(dòng)詞用于“Itis+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從以來有時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用itis來代替Ithasbeen;④剎時(shí)動(dòng)詞用于“Sometimehaspassedsince+一般過去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看:A.HejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.B。HehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears。C。ItistwoyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.D.TwoyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheLeague。二、一般此刻時(shí)與此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)的變換在一般此刻時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如atwork(在工作),atschool(上學(xué)、上課)等.此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)變換。請(qǐng)看:Peterisatwork,butMikeisatplay.Peterisworking,butMikeisplaying。三、此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)的變換在此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o,come,leave,start,arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:Iamcoming,Mum!意為“我就來,媽媽!”請(qǐng)看:Thetrainisleavingsoon。Thetrainwillleavesoon.四、“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事;將來時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書面語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí),常用助動(dòng)詞shall.在口語(yǔ)中,所有人稱都能夠用will。請(qǐng)看:WearegoingtovisittheGreatWallnextSunday.WeshallvisittheGreatWallnextSunday此刻完成時(shí)一此刻完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+have/has+過去分詞(過去分詞:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成與動(dòng)詞過去式相同;不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞需要特別記憶。-略)4選擇填空()1。IEnghishinthisschoolsince1999(A)taught(B)havetaught(C)tea(D)wouldteach()2。Lileithepenforfiveyears(A)hashad(B)bought(C)havehad(D)havebought()3.Katehergrandmother'sphotobeforeA.haven’tseenB。haveseenC。seeD。hasn’tseen()4。Maryyouthesedays?(A)Has,seen(B)Do,see(C)Did,see(D)Is,seeing()5。sofar,wethousandsofBuildinginQuanzhou(A)build(B)havebuild(C)build(D)willbuild二、否定式:主語(yǔ)+haven’t/hasn’過t+去分詞疑問式:Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞?簡(jiǎn)單答語(yǔ):Yes,主語(yǔ)+have/has。(必然)No,主語(yǔ)+haven’t/hasn。(否’t定)選擇填空()1.——Haveyoufinishedyourwork?——。(A)Yes,Ihave。(B)Yes,Ido。(C)Yes,Iam。(D)Yes,Idid。()2.—-HassheeverlearnedEnglish?——(A)Yes,shehas.(B)Yes,shedoes.(C)No,shedoesn't(D)No,shehas()3.Hefinishedhishomeworkyet?(A)doesn’t(B)haven’t(C)hasn’t(D)doesn’thave三此刻完成時(shí)的含義之一表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)此刻造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與never/ever,just,already/yet,before。sofar等連用。這些標(biāo)志詞能夠表達(dá)這種含義⑴以already,just和yet為標(biāo)志already,just和yet表示到此刻為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、方才或還沒有發(fā)生.Hehasalreadygotherhelp.Hehasjustseenthefilm。Hehasn’tcomebackyet..⑵以ever和never為標(biāo)志ever和never表示到此刻為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)以前或向來沒有發(fā)生過。ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen。HehasneverbeentoBeijing。⑶以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志若某一動(dòng)作到此刻為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生了若干次,則要使用此刻完成時(shí).HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes。⑷以sofar為標(biāo)志sofar經(jīng)常表示到目前為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生。HehasgottoBeijingsofar。Shehaspassedtheexamsofar。選擇填空()1.——Haveyoutravelledonthetrain?!?Yes,Ihave.(A)never(B)ever(C)just(D)yet()2。-—Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?—-Not。(A)ever(B)already(C)yet(D)just()3。Wehaven'tfinishedourhomework.(A)already(B)ever(C)yet(D)never()4.——HaveyoulearnedEnglish?——Yes,I’velearnedalot。(A)never,ever(B)ever,never(C)ever,already(D)already.ever()5.——Haveyoufinihedyourhomework?——Yes,I'vedonethat(A)yet,already(B)already,yet(C)ever,never(D)still,just()6。John'sfatherborrowedsomepictures(A)havealready(B)hasjust(C)haveever(D)hasyet四、此刻完成時(shí)含義之二表示過去已經(jīng)開始,向來連續(xù)到此刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for,since,howlong,,thesedays等連用。5⑴Since+過去點(diǎn)的時(shí)間(since短語(yǔ)或從句表示過去的動(dòng)作連續(xù)到此刻,since此后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn))Mr。Smithhasworkedheresince1984。He’slearnedabout5,000Englishwordssincehewenttocollege。⑵for+一段時(shí)間(數(shù)詞+量詞),(for短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作連續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,for的賓語(yǔ)為時(shí)間段)。此劃線部分用howlong提問。Wehaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.Ihaven’tseenforheralongtime。[Exercises4]A)用since和for填空1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth4)______19995)_______yesterday6)_______4o’clock7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren10)_____lunchtime11)______shelefthereB)用since和for填空HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren。3。OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears。Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthe。cityC)選擇填空()1.I'vebeenlikethiseversnice(A)lastweek(B)foraweek(C)aweekbefore(D)thelastweek()2。Mymotherhasworkedinthisfactory2years。(A)about(B)for(C)in(D)since()3.Ihaven'theardfromhimlastweek.(A)since(B)for(C)ago(D)before()4。Hisfatherjoinedtheparty_________(A)forthreeyears(B)sincethreeyearsago(C)threeyearsago(D)intwoyears'time()5。Hemovedherein1999,andhehasbeenhere。(A)atthattime(B)forfiveyearsago(C)sincefouryears(D)forfouryears()6.Tomhasbeenawayfromhomeaboutfivedaysago(.A)\(B)in(C)since(D)for五、句式:主句(此刻完成時(shí))+since+從句(一般過去時(shí))Exercies5]選擇填空()1。sheEnghishinourschooleversinceshehere。(A)hastaught,come(B)taught,came(C)hastaught,hascome(D)teaches,hascome()2.OurEnghishteacherinourschoolsincehetoChina。(A)e(B)taught,come(C)hastaught,e(D)teaches,hascome()3.SheinQuanzhousinceshebornin1980(A)haslived,hasbeen(B)haslived,was(C)lived,hasbeen(D)lived,was六、句式:It’+s一段時(shí)間+since從句(用一般過去時(shí))[Exercies6]選擇填空()1.Itten’syearssinceshe。(A)hasleft(B)hasbeenaway(C)left(D)leave()2.It'sthreeyearssincehethearmy。(A)hasjoined(B)hasbeenin(C)join(D)joined七、havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法⑴have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如:since,for,howlong等.比方:Mr。BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.▲其他還有這些搭配:havebeenhere(there)/athome(school)/onthefarmhavebeenhere(there)/abroad⑵have(has)beento表示“以前往過某地",此刻已經(jīng)不在那處了??膳cjust,ever,never等連用,Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice。6MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?▲have(has)beento后邊可接次數(shù),表示去過某地幾次。:IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes。。Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes。⑶have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了",表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中??傊?說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。---—WhereisTom?-—-—Hehasgonetothebookshop。.JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon。[Exercises7]A)用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:Where____________LiFei___________?B:He____________toHainanIsland。A:Howlong___________he___________there?B:He_____________thereforthreedays。A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I'mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently。A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_________never___________there。A:Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?B:He_____________thereonlyonce.B)用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto的各種形式填空。WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.David________theparkjustnow.John_______Englandsincehecameback.Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.6)_____youever____America?-—Yes,I_____theremanytimes.I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago。WhereisJim?He_____thefarm。C)選擇填空()1.Mrswhitesisn’there,sheLondon,shetheremanytimes(A)hasbeento,went(B)hasgoneto,hasbeen(C)wentto,hasgone(D)hasbeento,hasgone()2.Shehas__________toBeijingtwice。(A)gone(B)got(C)been(D)come()3?!獁hereyourfather,LiLei?——ToBeijing(A)have,been(B)has,been(C)have,gone(D)has,gone()4.MrGreenisn'tintheoffice,Hetothelibrary(A)hasgone(B)went(C)hasbeen(D)willgo()5.MrsmithtoTokyoandhewillbebackinaweek(A)hasbeen(B)hasvisited(C)hassent(D)hasgone()6.They_Chinafortwoyears(A)havebeento(B)havebeenin(c)havegoneto(D)havecometo八、此刻完成時(shí)的反意疑問句【have(n’t)/has(n’+t)代詞】[Exercises8]選擇填空7()1。Jim'sbeentotheGreatwallbefore,?(A)isn't(B)wasn’t(C)hasn’t(D)doesn’t()2。She’sneverbeentoEngland,she?(A)has(B)hasn't(C)isn't(D)is九、Howlong與此刻完成時(shí)[Exercies9]選擇填空()1.--——___haveyoubeenhere?--—--Sincelastyear(A)Howfar(B)Howlong(C)Howoften(D)Howsoon()2。___________hasHanmeibeeninthelibrary.(A)Howlong(B)Howsoon(C)Howfar(D)Howoften()3.Howlong___he___thelibrarybook。(A)has,borrow(B)has,kept(C)has,bought(D)did,buy十、短暫性變換連續(xù)性[Exercises10]A)按要求把短暫性變換為連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞arriveat/insw.getto/e/go/movetosw.beinsw。/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago。He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.ImovedtotheUSAlastyear。I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.Iwenthomeyesterday。I________________________homefor___________________.Theycameherelastweek.They__________________heresince___________________。②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________.WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.become→be1)Ibecameateacherin2000.I__________________ateacherfor__________________.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear。Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________。close→beclosedopen→beopen1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.heshop__________________________for__________________。Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor________________________forsixhours.⑤getup→beupdie→bedeadleavesw?!鷅eawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleepfinish/end→overbemarry→bemarried1)Igotuptwohoursago.I________________________since________________。HeleftFuzhoujustnow。He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes。Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours。Igottosleeptwohoursago。I__________________________since___________________。Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________。⑥start/begintodosth.→。dosthbegin→beonIbegantoteachatthisschoolin1995。I________atthisschoolsince____.2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________。⑦borrow→keeplose→nothavebuy→haveputon→wearcatch/getacold→haveacoldgettoknow→know1)Theyborroweditlastweek.They__________________itsince____________________.Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________。Igottoknowhimlastyear。I___________________himsince____________________.Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I____________________myglassesfor__________________.⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theParty/thearmybealeague/aPartymember/asoldierbeamemberoftheleague/theParty8beintheleague/theParty/thearmyHejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_________________a__________________fortwoyears。He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago。Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________。Mybrother______________________in

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