(英漢影視字幕翻譯策略)

StrategiesforEnglish-ChineseFilm&TVSubtitling(英漢影視字幕翻譯策略)TwoformsoftranslationofEnglishfilmsandTVseries:Dubbing(配音):coveringtheoriginalEnglishvoicebyChinesevoice.Subtitling(字幕翻譯):providingsynchronized(同步的)ChinesesubtitlesforEnglishspeeches.NaturesofFilm&TVSubtitles

(影視字幕的特性)translationofwrittenorprintedmaterials&translationoffilmandTVsubtitles

(文字材料的翻譯Vs影視字幕的翻譯)

Translationofprintedorwrittenmaterials:Wecanrereadthepartwhichwecouldnotunderstandatfirstglanceorwhichhasbeenpresentedbefore.(閱讀文字材料的翻譯時,我們可以重讀一時看不懂的部分,也可以倒回去看已經(jīng)讀過的部分.)Translationoffilm&TVsubtitlesWecannotrereadthesubtitleswhichwedonotunderstandatfirstglanceorwhichhavebeenpresentedbefore,because

subtitlesdisappearnearlyimmediatelyaftertheendofspeeches.(我們無法重讀一時難于理解的字幕以及前面曾出現(xiàn)的字幕，因為隨著話語的結(jié)束，字幕也會消失.)filmandTVsubtitles:

Transient(轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝)&Irreversible(不可回看)

TimeandSpaceConstraints

(時間和空間限制)

TimeConstraints:

Theappearanceanddisappearanceofeachsubtitleshouldcoincideroughlywiththebeginningandendofthecorrespondingspeeches,therefore,asubtitlecanbekeptonthescreenforonlyseveralseconds.(由于字幕出現(xiàn)﹑消失的時間大體上應(yīng)與說話人開始﹑結(jié)束話語的時間一致,因此字幕在屏幕上的顯示時間只有短短幾秒鐘.)TimeandSpaceConstraintsSpaceConstraints:

Consideringthereadingspeedofviewers,somesubtitletranslatorssuggestthatthereshouldbeonlyonelineofChinesesubtitleeachtime,andthenumberofChinesecharactersshouldbenomorethan13or14.(考慮到觀眾的閱讀速度,有字幕翻譯者建議屏幕上每次只能顯示一排漢字,而且字?jǐn)?shù)不能超過13或14個.)NaturesofFilm&TVSubtitles:TransienceandIrreversibility(瞬間性,不可回看性)TimeandSpaceConstraints

(受時間﹑空間制約)PrinciplesforEnglish-ChineseFilm&TVSubtitling

(影視字幕翻譯原則)Conciseness(簡潔)ImmediateComprehensibility(易懂)Example1

--He’sprobablynotthere,butifIdon’tatleastlook,I’llalwayswonderaboutit.

fromSleeplessinSeattle

(西雅圖夜未眠)--他也許沒來，但至少我應(yīng)該去看看，否則我會老想著這件事.--

他也許沒來，但我不看不死心.Example2

--Yes,IwouldjustliketoknowwhereIcouldgetthisman’saddress.

fromSleeplessinSeattle--是的，我想知道如何才能得到這個人的地址.

--

我想知道他的地址.Example3

--AndforawhileIcouldnotenter,forthewaywasbarredtome.

fromRebecca

(蝴蝶夢)--由于大門深鎖,一時間不得其門而入--由于大門緊鎖,一時無法進(jìn)入Example4

--Shestoodtherelaughing,herblackhairblowinginthewind

--andtoldmeallaboutherself-everything.fromRebecca

--她站在崖上大笑,黑發(fā)隨風(fēng)揚起--訴說她的過往,巨細(xì)靡遺.TechniquesforEnglish-ChineseFilm&TVSubtitling

(英漢影視字幕翻譯技巧)1.UsingSimpleSyntacticStructures(選用簡單的句型結(jié)構(gòu))◆不知你能不能把自行車借我用一下？

→我能借一下你的自行車嗎？◆給你看樣你以前從沒見過的東西。

→給你看樣新東西。

◆明天為什么不去公園呢？

→明天去公園吧。

◆你能不能不用我的東西？

→別用我的東西。2.UsingSimpleVocabularies

(選用簡單詞匯)◆bemiserly,stingy慳吝

→小氣，吝嗇

◆bethin清癯

→清瘦

◆befamiliarwith熟諳

→熟悉

◆befoolhardy,foolishlybold暴虎馮河

→有勇無謀

◆Manyalittlemakesamickle.集腋成裘

→積少成多

◆footofamountain山麓

→山腳◆origin,source濫觴

→來源，起源◆beofgreatbenefit大有裨益

→大有好處ReducingSourceText

(縮減原文)Deletion(省略):toleaveoutsomewordsorphrases.Condensation(濃縮):

tomaintainonlythegistoftheoriginaltext.(只譯出原文信息的精髓要旨)ReductiveParaphrase(壓縮性意譯):

toconveythemeaningoftheoriginalutteranceinaconciseway.

(用較為簡短的語句譯出原話的意義)Willtheconveyanceofinformationmuchaffectedifwereducetheoriginalutterance?

(如果縮減原來的話語,信息傳遞會受到很大的影響嗎?)No.Viewersdonotjustreadsubtitles.Theyalsowatchthepictureonthescreenandlistentothesoundandmusic.Therefore,somelossofinformationinthesubtitlescanbecompensatedthroughotherchannels.(觀眾不只是看字幕,他們還要看銀幕上的畫面,聽聲音.因此,字幕中某些信息的丟失可以通過其它渠道得到補(bǔ)償.)1)Deletion(省略)fillerwords(填充詞):

“um”,“uh”,“er”,“ah”,“okay”,“so”,“actually”,“youknow”,“well”,“but”,“anyway”,“l(fā)ook”,etc.repetition(重復(fù)):tautologies(同意語重復(fù)):

“l(fā)ookout”&“becareful”someexclamations(嘆詞):

“mygoodness”,“oh,myGod”,“Jesus”tagquestions(附加疑問句):

“don’tyou”,“isn’tit”simpleformsofaddress(稱呼),greetingsorfarewells:

“sir”,“madam”,“goodmorning”,“hi”,“hello”,“goodbye”)Example1

Gump’smothertriedtopersuadetheprincipalofanelementaryschooltoadmitForrest.

--Well,we’realldifferent.

--所有人都不相同

fromForrestGump

(阿甘正傳)Example2

ForrestrecalledthefirstdaywhenhemetJenny.

--Youknowit’sfunnywhatayoungmanrecollects.

--年輕人的記憶很奇怪

fromForrestGump

(阿甘正傳)Example3

Athiefpretendedtobekindheartedbywarningotherstobeonalert.Whenotherpeoplethankedhimwithoutcaution,hestoletheirmoneyrapidly.

--Watchyourself.

Beonguard.Thisplaceisfullofvulture.

--請你小心，這兒有許多壞人.

fromCasablanca

(卡薩布蘭卡)Example4

--Oh,God,Iforgotmypresentforyourstepmother--Itookitinsidebyaccident.

--我把送你繼母的禮物忘在屋里了

fromSleeplessinSeattle

(西雅圖夜未眠)Example5

--Walter.It’squiteaformalname,isn’tit?

--華特，蠻正式的名字

fromSleeplessinSeattleExample6

Mrs.GumpwastalkingtoForrest,

--RememberwhatItoldyou,Forrest.

--記住我跟你說的話

fromForrestGump

(阿甘正傳)Example7

--Hi,Barry!Rememberme?

--巴瑞，記得我嗎?

fromFriends

(老友記)2)Condensation(濃縮):

tomaintainonlythegistoftheoriginaltext.(只譯出原文信息的精髓要旨)Example

ForresttalkedaboutJenny’spoorlivingconditions.

--ShelivedinahousethatwasasoldasAlabama.

--她住在一間很舊的屋子

fromForrestGump

(阿甘正傳)3.ReductiveParaphrase

(壓縮性意譯):

toconveythemeaningoftheoriginalutteranceinaconciseway.(用較為簡短的語句譯出原話的意義)Example1

Harriet:Youcangothereifyouwant,butdon’topenhisrefrigerator.

哈麗亞特：去呀，但千萬別開他冰箱

Theydon’tcoveranythingwhentheyputitinthefridge.Theyjuststickitinandleaveittheretillitwalksoutbyitself.

fromSleeplessinSeattle(他們把東西放進(jìn)冰箱時卻不蓋上，丟進(jìn)去后就一直放到有東西從里面爬出來)

男人最邋遢，東西放到生蛆Example2

BothUgarteandCaptainRenaultearnedalotofmoneybysellingvisas(簽證)totherefugees(難民).Ugartetriedtofindanexcusetoexplainhisaction.

--Thinkofthepoordevilswhocan’tmeetRenault’sprice.Igetitforthemforhalf.

fromCasablanca(想想那些可憐的家伙，他們付不起雷諾開的價．我收他們半價．)--雷諾的價更高，我收半價4.CombiningShortUtterances

(合并短小句子)

Example1

--Whatabouttheengineer?Whycan’themarryusonthetrain?

fromCasablanca--工程師怎么樣?為什么不讓他在火車上替我們證婚呢?--火車上的工程師可替我們證婚Example2

--Fiveminutesinthemicrowave.Anyoneofthem,fiveminutesanddone.Readytoeat.

fromSleeplessinSeattle--微波爐加熱五分鐘.任何東西,五分鐘就好了,就可以吃了--微波爐熱五分鐘就可以吃

Example3

--Hedoesn’thaveonenow.That’stheproblem.

fromSleeplessinSeattle--問題是他沒有--他現(xiàn)在一個也沒有.這就是問題所在.TechniquesforEnglish-ChineseFilm&TVSubtitlingUsingSimpleSyntacticStructures(選用簡單的句型結(jié)構(gòu))UsingSimpleVocabularies(選用簡單的詞匯)ReducingSourceText

(縮減原文)1.Deletion(省略):toleaveoutsomewordsorphrases.2.Condensation(濃縮):tomaintainonlythegistoftheoriginaltext.(只譯出原文信息的精髓要旨)3.ReductiveParaphrase(壓縮性意譯):toconveythemeaningoftheoriginalutteranceinaconciseway.

(用較為簡短的語句譯出原話的意義)CombiningShortUtterances

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