高三英語語法專題三代詞一、代詞分類如下

高三英語語法專題三代詞一、代詞分類如下：

人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞指示代詞主格賓語形容詞性名語性單數(shù)第一人稱Imemyminemyselfthisthat第二人稱youyouYouryoursyourself第三人稱he/she/ithim/her/ithis/her/itshis/hers/itshimself/her-self/itself復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱weusouroursourselvesthesethose第二人稱youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱theythemtheirtheirsthemselves相互代詞賓格eachotheroneanother所有格eachother’soneanother’s不定代詞可數(shù)eachone,many,(a)few,both,another,either,neither不可數(shù)much,(a)little可數(shù)、不可數(shù)all,some,none,such,anyother復(fù)合不定代詞anybody,anyone,anything,somebody,someonesomething,nobody,nothing,everybody,everyone,everything疑問代詞who,whom,whose,which,what

連接代詞who(ever),whom(ever),whose(ever),which(ever),what(ever)

關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that,as

二、使用人稱代詞須注意的3點

1.人稱代詞的順序兩個或兩個以上的人稱代詞并列使用時,單數(shù)的順序為:you,he/sheandI;復(fù)數(shù)的順序為we,youandthey.若承認錯誤或承擔責任,順序應(yīng)為:I,heandyou。e.g.You,heandIhaveallseenthefilmtwice.

Iandshearetoblame.注:youandI是固定結(jié)構(gòu),即使是在承擔過失時,詞序也不變。

e.g.YouandIaretoblame.另外:You,heandI

willallhavetoanswerforthefire.

2.人稱代詞的賓格代替主格的幾種場合

(1)在日常生活中,人稱代詞作表語時,常用代詞的賓格。e.g.—Who’sknockingatthedoor?—It’sme.

(2)口語中,當人稱代詞孤立地用于不帶謂語的句子中作主語時,常用代詞的賓格。e.g.—Idon’twanttogotothetheatertonight.—Meneither!(3)在帶as和than的比較級后面,許多場合下用代詞的賓格。e.g.Sheknowsmeaswellashim.Heistallerthanme.(4)人稱代詞前有形容詞修飾時,多用代詞的賓格。e.g.Poorlittlemeoftengetspunished.(5)口語中,當人稱代語用于帶有強烈感情色彩的句子中作主語且其后不帶賓語時,多用代詞的賓格。e.g.—Yououghttodoitatonce.—What?Me!3.人稱代詞的主格代替賓格的幾種情況:

1)在電話用語中常用主格。e.g.—IwishtospeaktoMary.—Thisisshe.Note:

在動詞be或

tobe后的人稱代詞視其前面和它有關(guān)的名詞或代詞而定。即:和它相關(guān)的名詞或代詞的格保持一致。e.g.Ithoughtitwasshe.Ithoughtittobeher.

Iwastakentobeshe.Theytookmetobeher.Ex:1.Ibelievethepickpockettobe______.(he/him)him2)在強調(diào)句中，強調(diào)主語用主格。e.g.ItwasIwhotoldhimthewholestory.2.Thecriminalturnedouttobe_____.(he/him)3.Somebodyhadgiventhemoneytothepoorgirl.I

didn’tconsiderittobe_____,thoughitwasgenerally

thoughttobe_____.Butfinallyitprovedtobe

really_____.(he/him)4.______doyousupposemetobe?(who/whom)5._____amIsupposedtobe?(who/whom)6.Itappearstohavebeen_____.(he/him)hehimheheWhomWhohe()1.Iintendedtocomparenoteswithafriend,butunfortunately___couldn’tsparemeevenoneminute.A．they B．one C．who D．it()2.—YoumustgotocovertheeventinIraq. —___?Don’tyouknowthewarisgoingonthere? A．Me B．I C．Mine D．You3.ItishimwhooftenhelpsAuntWang.(改錯)

4.Inusopinion,thisisthebestfilmoftheyear.(改錯)

5.HeandIaretoblame.(改錯)

()6.—What’sMary?—Wasit____youwerereferringto? A．heB．theyC．her D．she()7.Ithoughtitwas______. A．him B．himselfC．his D．heAAheourIandheCD3.he和she的特殊用法

he可指代雄性動物或龐大而又威猛之物,也可在諺語中泛指大象;she可指代雌性動物或柔弱、優(yōu)美之物,也可代表擬人化說法中的國家、月亮、汽車、輪船等無生命的東西,以表達其喜愛或親切之情。e.g.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Themoonlosesherbrilliancewhenthesunmakeshisappearance.ShewasTitanic,ashipwhichwassaidnevertosink.三.反身代詞的用法及由反身代詞構(gòu)成的部分短語在句中可以作賓語、表語及同位語。(1)反身代詞一般作賓語,表語,同位語。e.g.①TodayI’mnotquitewellmyself.

今天我不舒服.②Imyselfdidit.我自己做的這事。(2)形容詞性物主代詞+own表示強調(diào)或反身的意義.e.g.Itwasmyownidea.那是我自己的意見。

Shecooksherownbreakfastandsupper,butusuallyhasherdinnerinthediningroom.

她自己做早飯和晚飯,而午飯一般在食堂吃。(3)

makeoneselfunderstood

讓別人聽懂自己的話

teachoneself(English)

自學(英語)

enjoyoneself

玩得很痛快

expressoneself

表達自己的思想

makeyourselfathome

別客氣

helpyourself(tosomefruit)

請隨便吃(水果)

dressoneself

自己穿衣服

devoteoneselfto

獻身于……

saytooneself

心里想

talktooneself/thinkaloud

自言自語byoneself

獨自；單獨

foroneself

親自；獨立地；為自己

ofoneself

自發(fā)地

besideoneself

失常，發(fā)狂

betweenourselves

只限你我之間

inoneself

就其本身而言

tooneself

獨自占用或享用

benotoneself

身體不舒服()Havingdressed____,thegirlhelped____tosomemilk. A.her;her B.her;herself C.herself;her D.herself;herselfD四、代詞的用法比較

1.替代詞one/ones/that/it用法比較

one/ones用來代替前面提到過的可數(shù)名詞,one指代單數(shù),ones指代復(fù)數(shù),所替代的是同名異物,表示泛指,可有前置定語或后置定語,也可單獨使用.特指時必須加定冠詞the。

that用來代替前面提到過的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,不能和冠詞連用,其后總有修飾語,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是those.指代可數(shù)名詞時,that相當于theone;those相當于theones.it特指上文提到過的同名同物,不能帶任何修飾語.e.g.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_____.

MrZhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept

________________whohadalreadytakenthem.Ihavelostmypen;Ican’tfindit.Ihavetobuy.

Theengineinmycarworksfar

betterthan____ofyours.Ourrulesarequitedifferentfrom_________ofotherorganizations.()Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade_____fromsomewoodwehad. A.itB.one C.himselfD.anotheronetheones/thosethatthose/theonesB2.all/both/either/neither/each/none的用法比較:

所表示的內(nèi)容搭配謂語動詞的數(shù)all都(三者或以上人或物)alltheapples,allthestudents復(fù)數(shù)都(不可數(shù)名詞的所有東西)allofthework單數(shù)none都不(三者或以上人或物)noneofthestudents復(fù)數(shù)都不(代替不可數(shù)名詞)noneofhismoney單數(shù)every每個(三者或三者以上)不能與of連用

單數(shù)any任何(三者或三者以上人或物)anyofthestudents,anyofthemilk復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)both都(人或物兩者都)bothofthem,bothofthebooks復(fù)數(shù)neither都不(兩者)neitheroftheanswers單數(shù)either任何(兩者中的任何一個)eitherofthebooks單數(shù)each每一個(兩者之中)

eachofthem單數(shù)注意:all,both,each作同位語時,一般用于系動詞be、

助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后,行為動詞之前.e.g.Weareallstudents.Theyallfinishedtheirhomework.Theyhaveallfinishedtheirworkuptonow.all和both與not連用表示部分否定。e.g.—ShallIsitatthisendoftheboatortheotherend?—Ifyoukeepstill,youcansiteitherend.

Theywereallverytired,butnoneofthemwouldstoptotakearest.—Whichofthesetwotieswillyoutake?—I’lltakeboth,togivemeachange.Allisquiet.Idon’tknowallofthem.Ionlyknowafewofthem.()①Itiseasytodotherepair._____youneedisahammerandsomenails. A.Something B.All C.Both D.Everything()②IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,but____ofthemcame. A.neither B.either C.none D.both3．other/theother/another/others的用法比較

①other泛指“另外的”,作定語,常用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞.e.g.otherstudents,otherwork;但如果前面有the,some,any,each,every,no或形容詞性物主代詞時,則與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用.e.g.Heistallerthananyothergirlinyourclass.Hegoesswimmingeveryotherday.BA

②other的復(fù)數(shù)形式為others,泛指“別的人或物”.e.g.Somearereading,othersarelisteningtotheradio.

③theother指“兩者當中另一個”,常與one連用.作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,表示另一方的“全部、其他的”.e.g.Hecamebackhomefromthemarketwithapieceofmeatinonehandandsomefishintheother.

④theothers是theother的復(fù)數(shù)形式,特指“全部其余的人或物”.e.g.Thereare54studentsinourclass,26areboys,theothers(alloftherest)aregirls.

⑤others不能作定語,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,相當于“other+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”,theothers相當于“theother+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”。⑥another“任何一個”、“再一個”、“另一個”,作代詞或形容詞.e.g.Iencouragedhimtohaveanothertry.Thetrainislate;youhavetowaitanothertwohours.Tomhasalreadygottwocars.andnowhehasboughtanother.()①Ihavedonemuchofthework.Couldyoupleasefinish

intwodays? A．therest B．theotherC．a(chǎn)nother D．theothers()②Oneofthesidesoftheroadshouldbepaintedyellow,and

. A.theotheriswhiteB．a(chǎn)notherwhiteC.theotherwhite D．a(chǎn)notheriswhite()③IgotthestoryfromTomand

_____peoplewhohadworkedwithhim. A．everyother B．manyothersC．someother D．otherthanACC4．some與any用法比較some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑問句.但須注意：(1)下列情況中常用some:

①some后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,意為“某一”時,相當于“acertain+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”。e.g.Forsomereason,hedidn’tturnupatthemeeting.

()WuDong,____isaskingtoseeyouatthegate. A.somepersons B.somepeople C.someaperson D.someperson

②在邀請別人享用某種東西時,為了表達誠意,用some。e.g.—Wouldyoulikesometea?—Yes,I’dliketo.（）—Well,Tom,wouldyoulike_____fish?—Thankyou,butI’mfullnow.A.any B.some C.fewD.littleDB③預(yù)料對方可能作肯定回答或說話人認為對方作肯定回答的可能性較大時,常用some。e.g.Youarecarryingashoppingbasket.Areyougoingtobuysomefood?()There’s____cookingoilleftinthehouse.Wouldyougotothecornerstoreandget____? A.little;some B.little;any C.alittle;some D.alittle;any(2)下列肯定句中常用any:①用于肯定的陳述句或祈使句中,須重讀,作代詞或形容詞,意為“任何,(三個或三個以上之中)無論哪一個”,后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。e.g.Anybookwilldo–Ijustwantsomethingtoreadonthetrain.()Wehadthreesetsofgardentoolsandweseemedtohavenousefor______. A.none B.either C.anyD.eachAC②用于肯定的條件從句中,用作代詞或形容詞,意為“什么,一個(些)。ifany意為“若有的話”。e.g.

HeaskedmeifIhadanybooksinmydesk.Correctthemistakesinhiscomposition,ifany.①Wouldyoulendmesomebooks______? A．ifsome B．ifyouhave C．ifany D．ifso

注:some,any,every常與-one,-body,-thing構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞,其基本用法與some,any,every用法相當.

e.g.—Iseverybodyhere?—No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewitheverything.②Iwillneverknowwhatwasonhismindatthetime,norwill____.A.anyoneB.anyoneelse C.noone D.nooneelseCB(3)some,any,every,no與one,body,thing構(gòu)成的合成代詞都作單數(shù)看待。另外,some的合成代詞一般用于肯定句,any的合成代詞一般用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中。()Playingtricksonothersis____weshouldneverdo. A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothingB5.用于簡略回答的none,nothing,nobody和noone

none既可指人,也可指物,可面可接of短語,能用來回答howmany,howmuch和which的提問;noone和nobody指人時其后一般不接of短語,可回答who

的提問;nothing只指事物,后面不能接of短語,用來回答what的提問。e.g.1)—HowmanyofushavebeentotheGreatWall?—None.2)—Whatisintheroom?—Nothing.3)—Whohasfailedintheexam?—Noone.()Shedoesn’tknowanyonehere,Shehasgot____totalkto. A．a(chǎn)nyone B．Someone C．everyone D．noone6．few,little,afew,alittle的用法

few和little表示沒有多少,含否定意義,而afew與alittle表示有一些,有幾個,含肯定意義。另外,few和afew修飾可數(shù)名數(shù)，little,alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞。它們在句中常用作定語、主語和賓語。e.g.HeknowsalittleEnglish.(賓語)

FewofthemcouldspeakEnglish.（主語）IknowalittleaboutJapanese.（賓語）()Thereisstill____waterinthebottle.Youmaydrinkit. A.few B.afew C.little D.alittleDD7．many和much的用法

many和much都表示許多,但是many用來修飾可數(shù)名詞,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞,都可用作主語,賓語和定語。e.g.Manyofthestudentsoftengoshopping.(主語)Ihavemuchtodo.(賓語)—Whohasfailedintheexam?—Noone.Thereisnotmuchwaterinthecup.(定語)much有時用作狀語。e.g.Helikesplayingfootballverymuch.(狀語)()So____fishoverthere!How______isit? A.many;many B.much;much C.many;much D.much;manyC8．each,every的用法(1)each強調(diào)個別,可以充當定語、主語、賓語和同位語。

every強調(diào)整體,相當于漢語中的“每個都”,在句中只作定語。e.g.Theteacherhadatalkwitheachofthem(賓語)

Eachofushastwoboxes.(主語)Wehavetwoboxeseach.(同位語)

Eachboyhasabook.(定語)

Eachonehasstrongandweakpoints.(定語)(2)each所代表的數(shù)可能是兩個以上,而every所指的數(shù)必須是三個以上。e.g.Eachofthetwohaswontheprice.

EverystudentintheclasslikeEnglish.()____oftheboyswasgivenafootball,andnowtheycouldhaveagoodtime. A.Each B.EveryC.EveryoneD.AllA五、部分否定句與全部否定句

部分否定全部否定二者

both…not/not…both

并非二者都neither=not…either

兩者都不…三者(以上)all…not/not…all

并非所有…都every…not/not…every=some,few并非每一個都…thewhole…not/not…thewhole

并非全部none=not…anya=no…

沒有一個noone/nobody

沒有人nothing

沒有任何事物副詞的否定noteverywhere并非到處notalways并非總是notentirely并非全部notcompletely并非完全nowhere沒有任何地方never從來不not…ever來不(較少用)notatall一點也不e.g.1)Idon’tlikebothofthebooks.(Ilikeoneofthetwobooks.)2)Hedoesn’tlikeeitherofthedictionaries.(=Helikesneitherofthedictionaries.)3)NotallthestudentswenttotheGreatWall.(=Allthestudentsdidn’t

gototheGreatWall.)(不常用)4)Noteverystudentsisinterestedinthisbook.5)NoneofthestudentswenttotheGreatWall.6)Idon’tlikeallofthem.7)Ilikenoneofthem.8)Wecouldn’tfindhimanywhere.(=Wecouldfindhimnowhere.)9)Heisn’tinterestedinthebookatall.10)Tomdoesn’talwaysgothere.()①—Isthebookinteresting?—Yes,butI’msureitwon’tinterest_____. A．everybody B．somebody C．a(chǎn)nybody D．nobody()②Thattheboystudentdoesn’talwaysgetthefirstplacemeansthat____hedoesn’tgetthefirstplace. A．frequently B．sometime C．occasionally D．latelyAC六.替代詞so的用法

英語中,有些動詞,如：think,say,hear,do,hope,believe,expect,fear,beafraid等后,常用so替代上文提到的內(nèi)容或情況。e.g.—ThenewEnglishteacherisverystrict.—I’veheardso.Whodoyouthinkdaresaysothen?—CanyoubeattheBulls?—Yes,Ibelieveso.

另外,so還可以用于以下句型中作替代詞使用：

①so+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/連系動詞+主語②so+主語+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/連系動詞③主語+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/連系動詞+so注:①表示甲乙兩個不同的對象具有相同的情況；

②表示甲陳述某一情況,聽話人乙表示贊同甲的說法；

③表示甲吩咐、命令乙去做某事,乙照辦了。e.g.1)—Imustbegoingnow.—SomustI.2)—JohnstudiesFrench.—Sohedoes. Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.Ididso.()①—Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout—Goodheavens.

.A．sodidI B．soIdid C．Ididso D．Isodid()②Yousayheworkshard,____,and______.A.sodoyou;sohedoesB.sodoeshe;sodoyouC.sodoyou;sodoyou

D.sohedoes;sodoyouBD七.it的用法

①用作人稱代詞,指代前文提到過的事物。e.g.Thisisnotmybook.ItisMary’s

②用來代替指示代語this或that.e.g.—What’sthis?—Itisadictionary—Whosejacketisthat?—Itishers.③起指示代詞的作用,指一個人或事物。e.g.—Who’sknockingatthedoor?—It’sme.④指時間、距離、天氣、環(huán)境等。e.g.—What’sthetimenow?—It’stenpasteight.It’sgettingcolderandcoldernow.It’sabouttenminutes’walkfrommyhometotheschool.Itwasveryquietatthemoment.⑤指代整個句子的內(nèi)容。e.g.Ourteamwonthefootballmatch.Haveyouheardaboutit?⑥作形式主語。當動詞不定式、動名詞或從句作主語時,通常把它放在謂語之后,而用it作句子的形式主語。e.g.Itisnoteasytolearnalanguagewell.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水難收)

Itisapitythatyou’vemissedsuchawonderfulfilm.⑦作形式賓語。當復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式、動名詞、