現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)推薦（課堂PPT）

語(yǔ)法課堂1上一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)下一頁(yè)主菜單2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系havebeen與havegone比較與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較3

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)have(has）+過(guò)去分詞4Mother:John,cleanyourteethplease.John:Mum,Ihavealready(已經(jīng))cleaned

them.5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：

肯定式：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.

疑問(wèn)式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞?

否定式:主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.Ihavealready(已經(jīng))cleaned

them.Haveyou

already(已經(jīng))cleaned

them?Ihavenotcleaned

themyet.6動(dòng)詞填空：

1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?

HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單74.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgavehasgiven下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單8現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很有空)主菜單1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。

9現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法

2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：recently,already,just,lately,for…,since…,yet等。例如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.這些日子我沒(méi)有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenJimrecently.最近我們沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到吉姆。101）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。Hehasalreadylefthere.

他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了。Hashealreadylefthere?

他（真的）已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣）Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.

我的老師們還沒(méi)有吃早飯。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?

你已經(jīng)給你父母寫(xiě)過(guò)信了嗎？112）yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法

否定句:句末“還(沒(méi)有)”疑問(wèn)句:句末“己經(jīng)”Eg.Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?123）just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與already，never等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞have/has和動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞之間）Hehasjustcomeback.

他剛剛回來(lái)。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.

他們剛剛完成那項(xiàng)工作。133.表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從未有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷.上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)IhaveeverbeentotheSummerPalace?(我曾去過(guò)頤和園)

Ihaveneverhadacar.(我從未有過(guò)汽車。)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單14現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)◆常與1）already,2）just,

3）yet,4）before,5）uptonow,6）sofar,7）fortenyears

8）thesedays,

9）since10）foralongtime

連用上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單15上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。(從10年前開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,一直持續(xù)到，還有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。常與since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，sofar等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。161.for

+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HehasstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段時(shí)間172.since

+從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí))

單詞

詞組

(表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.18since:(自…以來(lái))1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時(shí)間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

for:(長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久）for+時(shí)間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:

Takenotes

19注1):對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)，必須用howlong,決不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?20選用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.forsinceforsinceforsince下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單21※短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換22leave--come/go(to)--arrive(at/in)--get(to)--reach--buy--borrow--finish--join--start/begin--die--close--open--return--marry--become--

beaway(from)

be(in/at)

be(in/at)

be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/an…beonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarried

be23短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系

●短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：①become,

②begin,③buy,④borrow,

⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,

⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave，等。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)●為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)替換短暫性動(dòng)詞。主菜單24

●但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我買這輛自行車還不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單25

翻譯練習(xí)：

1.我買了這塊手表五年了。

2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。

Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since

5yearsago.

Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.

Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10

yearsago.FF下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單26

3.他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。

4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。

5.我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。

Hehascomebackfor3days.

Hehasbeenback

for3days/since3daysago.

Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.

Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.

Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.FFF下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單27havebeen與havegone的用法比較

havebeento意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)”，表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。（去過(guò)已回）havegoneto

意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。（去而未歸）havebeenin意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單28

HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去過(guò)南京嗎？

IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去過(guò)桂林，我去年去的。

ShehasgonetoNanjing.

她已經(jīng)去南京了。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單29用Havebeento,havegoneto,

havebeenin填空Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonetohavebeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單30與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。

上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單31eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過(guò)一本英漢字典。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)

第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”

“過(guò)去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)明。主菜單32四)Itis+時(shí)間段+since+句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí))（自從......以來(lái)已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了）=一段時(shí)間+haspassed

+since+句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí))Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.33三．常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ):上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(剛才)，時(shí)間+ago,last+時(shí)間等;

eg:

Theplanetookofftenminutesago.

Wefinishedourtasklastweek.主菜單34上一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)主菜單35Thehouseisdirty.We_______itforweeks.

Adidn’tcleanBhadn’tcleanedCdon’tcleanDhaven’tcleaned

2.---____thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

---Yes,italldependsontheweather.

AI’vebeentoldBI’vetoldCI’mtoldDItold

3.----I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

----Oh,notatall.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.

AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe

4.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes.

A.hadmetBhavemetCm