高考英語閱讀題型之文章主旨大意題（課堂PPT）

走近高考1二、閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥歸納主旨要義這類題的題干中一般含有main/general/centralidea,topic,subject,mainly等字眼。2尋找主題句：(1)段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí),該句很可能是主題句。

(2)作者有意識的反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn),通常是主旨;反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語,一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。3(3)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí),對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(4)提出文章主旨時(shí)常伴有的文字提示有therefore,thus,but,however,infact,inshort等等。因此,這些詞后的內(nèi)容很可能就是文章主旨。4閱讀

給文章選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題(title)幾乎是必考題。要正確選出標(biāo)題，必須首先要理解文章大意，明確文章主旨。一篇文章必然會有一個(gè)主旨，最能體現(xiàn)主旨的就是主題句，主題句多半在首、尾段或各段的開頭或結(jié)尾，少數(shù)情況下也在文中，甚至沒有主題句，此時(shí)就需要我們歸納各自然段的意思，自己概括其主旨了。如何給文章選標(biāo)題?技巧點(diǎn)撥5選擇時(shí)，要仔細(xì)推敲各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，縮小選擇范圍，從而選出最佳答案。錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)有以下特征：⑴斷章取義：雖含文中的某些單詞，但不是文章所談內(nèi)容。⑵范圍太窄：概括不全面，只是某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)或某一部分的內(nèi)容。⑶范圍太寬：所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容。⑷無中生有：即文章中未提到，或找不到任何依據(jù)的信息。6真題演練

(A)(2010年揭陽)Valentine’sDayhasitsoriginsintheancientRomanfeastofLupercalia,ayearlyfestivalheldonFeb.15tohelpkeepdangerouswolvesawayfromtownspeopleandtheircrops.Ontheeveofthefestival,Feb.14,theyoungwomenofthetownwouldwritetheirnamesonsmallpiecesofpaper,puttheminajar,andeveryyoungmanwouldpickoutanameatrandom.7Thepairwouldthenbepartnersfortherestofthefestival.Itwas270B.C.whenSt.Valentinestoodforlove,afterRomanEmperorClaudiusIIforbadeRomansoldierstogetengagedormarried,believingthatmarriedmenwouldratherstayathomethangotowar.ThepriestnamedValentine,indefiance(對抗)ofClaudius’orders,secretlymarriedyoungcouples,andonFeb.14,waspunishedforhis“crime”,therebybecomingthepatronsaint(守護(hù)神)oflovers.8Besidesthisstory,therearesomeoldbeliefsaboutthisday:DuringtheMiddleAges,EuropeansbelievedthatbirdschosetheirmateseachyearonFeb.14.SomepeopleusedtobelievethatifawomansawarobinflyoverheadonValentine’sDay,itmeantshewouldmarryasailor;ifshesawasparrow,she’dmarryamillionaire.9Ifyoucutanappleinhalfandcounthowmanyseedsareinside,youwillknowhowmanychildrenyouwillhave.AndsomecharmingValentine’sDayCustoms.InWales,woodenlovespoonswerecarvedandgivenasgiftsonFeb.14.Heart,keysandkeyholeswerefavoritedecorations,whichmeant“youunlockmyheart!”10IntheMiddleAges,youngmenandwomendrewnamesfromabowltoseewhotheirvalentineswouldbe.They’dwearthesenamesontheirsleevesforoneweek—hencetheterm“towearyourheartonyoursleeve”.111.Accordingtothepassage,Valentinewasoriginallythenameofa____.A.lover B.priestC.ruler D.feast解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段ThepriestnamedValentine,indefiance(對抗)ofClaudius’orders,可得出答案。122.TheRomanemperorforbadesoldierstogetmarriedbecausehethought___.A.marriedsoldiersarenotloyaltothecountryB.marriedsoldiersarelesswillingtofightC.therewasnotimeforsoldierstogetmarriedD.marriageisacrime解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段believingthatmarriedmen…thangotowar.可得出答案。133.Whywasthepriestpunished?A.Hedidn’tjointhearmy.B.Hehelpedpeopleescapefrombeingsenttothebattlefield.C.Hemarriedcouplesdespitetheprohibitionfromtheruler.D.Heopenlydefiedtheruler’sordertoendhismarriage.解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段ThepriestnamedValentine,…saint(守護(hù)神)oflovers.可得出答案。144.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Feb.14and15wereoriginallyatimeforfightingwolves.B.PeopleusedtobelievethatbirdschosematesonValentine‘sDay.C.PeoplebelievedthatthebirdstheysawonValentine’sDaypredictedwhatkindofpersontheywouldmarry.D.TheWelshusedtogiveoutwoodenspoonsonFeb.14.4.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句話,Feb.14不是atimeforfightingwolves。155.Ifyouwearyourheartonyoursleeve,you____.A.openlyexpressyourfeelingsoremotionstoothersB.hardlytakeyourfeelingsoremotionsveryseriouslyC.officiallyannouncethatyouhavebeenmarriedD.proudlyshowyourchoiceofsleevepattern

5.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可推知“將你的心戴在袖子上就意味著你向別人真情流露?！?6[難句理解]Itwas270B.C.whenSt.Valentinestoodforlove,afterRomanEmperorClaudiusIIforbadeRomansoldierstogetengagedormarried,believingthatmarriedmenwouldratherstayathomethangotowar.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句中it指時(shí)間,when引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語從句,先行詞是270B.C.,afterRomanEmperor...ormarried是該定語從句中的時(shí)間狀語從句,believingthat...gotowar是分詞短語作原因狀語,其邏輯主語是RomanEmperorClaudiusII。17漢語大意：那是在公元前270年,圣瓦倫丁代表愛情的時(shí)候,之后羅馬皇帝克勞迪亞斯二世禁止羅馬士兵訂婚或者結(jié)婚,他認(rèn)為結(jié)了婚的男人會寧愿呆在家里,而不愿去打仗。18charming迷人的 valentine情人millionaire百萬富翁decoration裝飾atrandom任意地haveitsoriginsin起源于ontheeveof在……前夕getengaged訂婚standfor代表bepunishedfor因……受到懲罰[助讀詞匯]19(B)(2008佛山二模)EarlieronduringmystayinChina,InotedasignificantlackofWesternholidays.Halloweencameandwentunnoticed.ThanksgivingpassedrightonbywithoutmuchmorethanacelebratorytriptoKFC.IthoughtImadeitthrough,freeandclear.BeinginChinaenabledmyavoidanceofoverspendingongifts.20DuringHalloweenIdidnotbuybigbagsofcandyandlatereatallofitmyselfafterrealizingthatchildrendonottrick-or-treatonmystreet.LifegottofeelingprettygoodwhenIrealizedIcouldskipalltheholidaypomp(盛況)andcircumstancebylivinginYongzhou,acityinHunanProvince.ButitallcamecrashingdownuponmewiththearrivalofChristmasandNewYear.21Forsomereason,theChineseignoremanyotherWesterntraditions,butcatchonfortheend-of-yearcelebrations.ThegrocerystoresputouttheirChristmastrees.PicturesofSantashowuponthewindowsofflowershops.Wealthierchildrenareseenwearingsomethingsimilartoalittleelf(小精靈)costume:stripedstockings,redshirts,greenskiers,andelf-likeshoeswithbellsonthem.22IntermsofChristmasandNewYears,amongmanyotherholidays,theentirecountryofAmericagoescrazywithholidayspirit.Therearedecorationsonstorewindowsandinsidelargesupermarkets.Thebiggestculturalfeature,Ithink,isthefatSantainlargestoresandshoppingmalls.“Santa”sitsinthemiddleofbigmallswhilechildrenlineuptositonhislap.“IwantabicycleforChristmas!”thechildrenwillsay,orsomethingelseequallyappropriate.23InthemiddleofabsorbingnewholidaytraditionsinChinaandmissingoldonesbackhome,Ifoundlittleimpresseduponmymemory.ThepartiesIattendedhadonlyafewmemorablemoments:littlegirlsdancingthechacha,companyleadersbadlysingingsongsKTVstyle，aguyperformingKungFuforasizablecrowd.24Admittedly,despitenotseeinganypartiesinpeople’shouses,IenjoyedwhatholidayentertainmentexistedinYongzhou.IthinkwhatIwillrememberthemost,however,iswalkingintoafancyhotelandseeingwomendressedinelfclothingandskinnyChinesemendressedinSantacostumes.256.Fromthepassagewecanknowthat___.A.peopleinChinadon’tcelebrateThanksgivingatallB.ChineseliketocelebrateHalloweeninKFCC.theauthorstaysinChinatoavoidspendingtoomuchinbuyinggiftsD.childreninChinadon’tcomeandasktheauthorforcandiesinHalloween6.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的“didnotbuybigbagsofcandya…trick-or-treatonmystreet”可知。267.Theauthor___.A.livesinYongzhoutoavoidfestivalcelebrationsB.feelslifeinYongzhouprettygoodbyenjoyingholidaycelebrationsC.can’tenjoythequietlifeanylongerwhenChristmasandNewYeararriveD.likesstayingingrandhotels7.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句話可以推出,作者的平靜生活被圣誕節(jié)的來臨打斷了。278.Accordingtothepassage,inChina___.A.ChristmasismorepopularthanmanyotherWesternholidaysB.SantaappearsingrocerystoresatChristmasC.allchildrenwearlovelycostumesforChristmasD.peoplecelebrateholidaysbyhavingpartiesintheirhouses8.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句話和第三段對圣誕節(jié)盛況的描述可以推出ChristmasismorepopularthanmanyotherWesternholidays。289.WhathappensatChristmasinAmerica?A.Peoplelosetheirmindwhenitarrives.B.Thewholenationcelebrateitbydecoratingstoresandsupermarkets.C.Santaisexpectedinlargestoresandshoppingmalls.D.Children