2023年MBA考試英語閱讀理解真題及答案

2023年MBA考試英語閱讀理解真題及答案閱讀理解是英語旳題型之一，為協(xié)助考生們備考復習，如下是搜索整頓旳一份MBA理解專題練習題，供參照練習，但愿對大家有所協(xié)助!想理解更多有關(guān)信息請持續(xù)關(guān)注我們!Text1Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral—usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforce,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersonGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange,Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.1.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.B.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees'ownbusiness.C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment.D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.D.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto.A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipmentB.technologicalandmanagerialstaffC.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskillsD.topexecutives4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm'scompetitiveadvantageis.A.theintroductionofnewtechnologiesB.theimprovementofworkers'basicskillsC.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployeesD.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhaftoftheemployees5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm'shierarchy.D.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.參照答案：BDBBDText2"WelcometotheU.S.A.IMajorCreditcardsaccepted!"Bythemillionstheyarecoming—nolongerthetired,thepoor,thewretchedmasseslongingforabetterliving.Thesearethewealthy."Wedon'thaveabudget,"saysabiologistfromBrazil,asshewalkswithtwocompanionsthroughNewYorkCity'sSouthStreet."Wejustuseourcreditcards."TheU.S.haslongbeenoneoftheworld'smostpopulartouristdestinations,butthisyearhasbeenexceptional.FirsttherewastheWorldCup,whichdrewthousandsfromeverycorneroftheglobe;thencametheweakeningoftheU.S.dollaragainstmajorcurrencies.NowtheU.S.,stilltheworld'ssuperpower,canalsoclaimtobetheworld'sbargainbasement(廉價商品部).NobodyundersellsAmericathesedaysonjustabouteverything,fromconsumerelectronicstofashionclothestotennisrackets.Bottomretailprices—anywherefrom30%to70%lowerthanthoseinEuropeandAsia—haveattractedsome47millionvisitors,whoareexpectedtoleavebehind$79billionin1994.That'supfrom$74billiontheyearbefore.True,noteveryonecomesjustforbargains.ThereremainsanundeniablefascinationintherestoftheworldwithallthingsAmerican,nourishedbyHollywoodfilmsandU.S.televisionseries.ButshoppingtheU.S.A.isprovingirresistible.Everyweekthousandsarrivewithemptysuitcasesreadytobefilled;someevenrentanadditionalhotelroomtoholdtheirpurchases.Thebuyingbinge(無節(jié)制)hasbecomeasimportantaswatchingOldFaithfulFountainseruptinYellowstoneParkorsunbathingonabeachinFlorida.TheU.S.hascomeatlasttoappreciatewhatothercountrieslearnedlongago:thepouringinofforeigntouristsmaynotalwaysbeconvenient,butitdoesputmoneyinthebank.Andwithatradedeficitatabout$130billionandgrowingforthepast12months,theU.S.needsallthedepositsitcanget.ComparedwithAmericantouristsabroad,visitorstotheU.S.staylongerandspendmoremoneyateachstop;anaverageof12.2nightand$1624atravelerversustheAmericans'fournightand$298.1.FromwhattheBrazilianbiologistsays,weknowthattouristslikeher.A.arereluctanttocarrycashwiththemB.simplydon'tcarehowmuchtheyspendC.arenotgoodatplanningtheirexpenditureD.oftenspendmoremoneythantheycanafford2.Thereasonwhy1994wasexceptionalisthat.A.itsawanunusuallylargenumberoftouriststotheU.S.B.itwitnessedadropinthenumberoftouriststotheU.S.C.tourismwashardlyaffectedbytheweakeningoftheU.S.dollarthatyearD.touristscametotheU.S.forsightseeingratherthanforbargainsthatyear3.Bysaying"nobodyundersellsAmerica"(Line4,Para.3),theauthormeansthat.A.noothercountryunderestimatesthecompetitivenessofAmericanproductsB.nobodyexpectstheAmericanstocutthepricesofthei