數(shù)控外文翻譯

NumericalControlOneofthemostfundamentalconceptsintheareaofadvancedmanufacturingtechnologiesisnumericalcontrol(NC).PriortotheadventofNC,allmachinetoolsweremanualoperatedandcontrolled.Amongthemanylimitationsassociatedwithmanualcontrolmachinetools,perhapsnoneismoreprominentthanthelimitationofoperatorskills.Withmanualcontrol,thequalityoftheproductisdirectlyrelatedtoandlimitedtotheskillsoftheoperator.Numericalcontrolrepresentsthefirstmajorstepawayfromhumancontrolofmachinetools.Numericalcontrolmeansthecontrolofmachinetoolsandothermanufacturingsystemsthoughtheuseofprerecorded,writtensymbolicinstructions.Ratherthanoperatingamachinetool,anNCtechnicianwritesaprogramthatissuesoperationalinstructionstothemachinetool,Foramachinetooltobenumericallycontrolled,itmustbeinterfacedwithadeviceforacceptinganddecodingthep2ogrammedinstructions,knownasareader.Numericalcontrolwasdevelopedtoovercomethelimitationofhumanoperator,andithasdoneso.Numericalcontrolmachinesaremoreaccuratethanmanuallyoperatedmachines,theycanproducepartsmoreuniformly,theyarefaster,andthelong-runtoolingcostsarelower.ThedevelopmentofNCledtothedevelopmentofseveralotherinnovationsinmanufacturingtechnology:Electricaldischargemachining.Lasercutting.Electronbeamwelding.Numericalcontrolhasalsomademachinetoolsmoreversatilethantheirmanuallyoperatedpredecessors.AnNCmachinetoolcanautomaticallyproduceawidevarietyofpar4s,eachinvolvinganassortmentofundertaketheproductionofproductsthatwouldnothavebeenfeasiblefromaneconomicperspectiveusingmanuallycontrolledmachinetoolsandprocesses.Likesomanyadvancedtechnologies,NCwasborninthelaboratoriesoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.TheconceptofNCwasdevelopedintheearly1950swithfundingprovidedbytheU.SAirForce.Initsearlieststages,NCmachineswereabletomakestraightcutsefficientlyandeffectively.However,curvedpathswereaproblembecausethemachinetoolhadtobeprogrammedtoundertakeaseriesofhorizontalandverticalstepstoproduceacurve.Theshorteristhestraightlinesmakingupthestep,thesmootheris4hecurveE.achlinesegmentinthestepshadtobecalculated.Thisproblemledtothedevelopmentin1959oftheAutomaticallyProgrammedTools(APT)languageforNCthatusesstatementssimilartoEnglishlanguagetodefinethepartgeometry,describethecuttingtoolconfiguration,andspecifythenecessarymotions.ThedevelopmentoftheAPTlanguagewasamajorstepforwardinthefurtherdevelopmentofNCtechnology.TheoriginalNCsystemwerevastlydifferentfromthoseusedpunchedpaper,whichwaslatertoreplacedbymagneticplastictape.Atapereaderwasusedtointerprettheinstructionswrittenonthetapeforthemachine.Together,all/fthisrepresentedgiantstepforwardinthecontrolofmachinetools.However,therewereanumberofproblemswithNCatthispointinitsdevelopment.Amajorproblemwasthefragilityofthepunchedpapertapemedium.Itwascommonforthepapercontainingtheprogrammedinstructionstobreakortearduringamachiningprocess,Thisproblemwasexacerbatedbythefactthateachsuccessivetimeapartwasproducedonamachinetool,thepapertapecarryingtheprogrammedinstructionshadtorerunthoughtthereader.Ifitwasnecessarytoproduce100copiesofagivenpart,itwasalsonecessarytorunthepapertapethoughtthereader100separatetimes.Fragilepapertapessimplycouldnotwithstandtherigorsofshopfloorenvironmentandthiskindofrepeateduse.Thisledtothedevelopmentofaspecialmagnetictape.Whereasthepapertapecarriedtheprogrammedinstructionsasaseriesofholespunchedinthetape,theThismostimportantofthesewasthatitwasdifficultorimpossibletochangetheinstructionsenteredonthetape.Tomakeeventhemostminoradjustmentsinaprogramofinstructions,itwasnecessarytointerruptmachiningoperationsandmakeanewtape.Itwasalsostillnecessarytorunthetapethoughtthereaderasmanytimesastherewerepartstobeproduced.Fortunately,computertechnologybecomearealityandsoonsolvedtheproblemsofNC,associatedwithpunchedpaperandplastictape.Thedevelopmentofaconceptknownasnumericalcontrol(DNC)solvethepaperandplastictapeproblemsassociatedwithnumericalcontrolbysimplyeliminatingtapeasthemediumforcarryingtheprogrammedinstructions.Indirectnumericalcontrol,machinetoolsaretied,viaadatatransmissionlink,toahostcomputerandfedtothemachinetoolasneededviathedatatransmissionlinkage.Directnumericalcontrolrepresentedamajorstepforwardoverpunchedtapeandplastictape.However,itissubjecttothesamelimitationasalltechnologiesthatdependonahostcomputer.Whenthehostcomputergoesdown,themachinetoolsalsoexperiencedowntime.Thisproblemledtothedevelopmentofcomputernumericalcontrol.Thedevelopmentofthemicroprocessorallowedforthedevelopmentofprogrammablelogiccontrollers(PLC)andmicrocomputers.Thesetwotechnologiesallowedforthedevelopmentofcomputernumericalcontrol(CNC).WithCNC,eachmachinetoolhasaPLCoramicrocomputerthatservesthesamepurpose.Thisallowsprogramstobeinputandstoredateachindividualmachinetool.CNCsolvedtheproblemsassociateddowntimeofthehostcomputer,butitintroducedanotherproblemknownasdatamanagement.Thesameprogrammightbeloadedontendifferentmicrocomputerswithnocommunicationamongthem.ThisproblemisintheprocessofbeingsolvedbylocalareanetworksthatconnectDigitalSignalProcessorsTherearenumeroussituationswhereanalogsignalstobeprocessedinmanyways,likefilteringandspectralanalysis,Designinganaloghardwaretoperformthesefunctionsispossiblebuthasbecomelessandpractical,duetoincreasedperformancerequirements,flexibilityneeds,andtheneedtocutdownondevelopment/testingtime.Itisinotherwordsdifficultpmdesignanaloghardwareanalysisofsignals.Theactofsamplingansignalintothehatarespecialisedforembeddedsignalprocessingoperations,andsuchaprocessoriscalledaDSP,whichstandsforDigitalSignalProcessor.TodaytherearehundredsofDSPfamiliesfromasmanymanufacturers,eachonedesignedforaparticularprice/performance/usagegroup.Manyofthelargestmanufacturers,likeTexasInstrumentsandMotorola,offerbothspecialisedDSP’s forcertainfieldslikemotor-controlormodems,andgeneralhigh-performanceDSP’sthatcanperformbroadrangesofprocessingtasks.Developmentkitsan'softwarearealsoavailable,andtherearecompaniesmakingsoftwaredevelopmenttoolsforDSP’sthatallowstheprogrammertoimplementcomplexprocessingalgorithmsusingsimple“drag‘nd’rop”methodologies.DSP’smoreorlessfallintotwocategoriesdependingontheunderlyingarchitecturefixed-pointandfloating-point.Thefixed-pointdevicesgenerallyoperateon16-bitwords,whilethefloating-pointdevicesoperateon32-40bitsfloating-pointwords.Needlesstosay,thefixed-pointdevicesaregenerallycheaper.Anotherimportantarchitecturaldifferenceisthatfixed-pointprocessorstendtohaveanaccumulatorarchitecture,withonlyone“generalpurpose”register,makingthemquitetrickytoprogramandmoreimportantly,makingC-compilersinherentlyinefficient.Floating-pointDSP’sbehavemorelikecommongeneral-purposeCPU’s,withregister-files.TherearethousandsofdifferentDSP’sonthemarket,anditisdifficulttaskfindingthemostsuitableDSPforaproject.Thebestwayisprobablytosetupaconstraintandwishlist,andtrytocomparetheprocessorsfromthebiggestmanufacturersagainstit.The“bigfour”manufacturersofDSPs:TexasInstruments,Motorola,AT&TandAnalogDevices.Digital-to-analogconversionInthecaseofMPEG-Audiodecoding,digitalcompresseddataisfedintotheDSPwhichperformsthedecoding,thenthedecodedsampleshavetobeconvertedbackintotheanalogdomain,andtheresultingsignalfedanamplifierorsimilaraudioequipment.Thisdigitaltoanalogconversion(DCA)isperformedbyacircuitwiththesamename&DifferentDCA’sprovidedifferentperformanceandquality,asmeasuredbyTHD(Totalharmonicdistortion),numberofbits,linearity,speed,filtercharacteristicsandotherthings.TheTMS320familyDQPofTexasInstrumentsTheTLS320familyconsistsoffixed-point,floating-point,multiprocessordigitalsignalprocessors(D[Ps),andfoxed-pointDSPcontrollers.TMS320DSPhaveanarchitecturedesignedspecificallyforreal-timesignalprocessing.The’F/C240isanumberofthe’C2000DSPplatform,andisoptimizedforcontrolapplications.The’C24sxeriesofDSPcontrollerscombinesthisreal-timeprocessingcapabilitywithcontrollerperipheralstocreateanidealsolutionforcontrolsystemapplications.ThefollowingcharacteristicsmaketheTMS320familytherightchoiceforawiderangeofprocessingapplications:--Veryflexibleinstructionset--Inherentoperationalflexibility--High-speedperformance--Innovativeparallelarchitecture--CosteffectivenessDeviceswithinagenerationoftheTMS320familyhavethesameCPUstructurebutdifferenton-chipmemoryandperipheralconfigurations.Spin-offdevicesusenewcombinationsofOn-chipmemoryandperipheralstosatisfyawiderangeofneedsintheworldwideelectronicsmarket.Byintegratingmemoryandperipheralsontoasinglechip,TMS320devicesreducesystemcostsandsavecircuitboardspace.The16-bit,fixed-pointDSPcoreofthe‘C24xdevicesprovidesanalogdesignersadigitalsolutionthatdoesnotsacrificetheprecisionandperformanceoftheirsystemperformancecanbeenhancedthroughtheuseofadvancedcontrolalgorithmsfortechniquessuchasadaptivecontrol,Kalmanfiltering,andstatecontrol.The‘C24xDSPcontrollerofferreliabilityandprogrammability.Analogcontrolsystems,ontheotherhand,arehardwiredsolutionsandcanexperienceperformancedegradationduetoaging,componenttolerance,anddrift.Thehigh-speedcentralprocessingunit(CPU)allowsthedigitaldesignertoprocessalgorithmsinrealtimeratherthanapproximateresultswithlook-uptables.TheinstructionsetoftheseDSPcontrollers,whichincorporatesbothsignalprocessinginstructionsandgeneralpurposecontrolfunctions,coupledwiththeextensivedevelopmenttimeandprovidesthesameeaseofuseastraditional8-and16-bitmicrocontrollers.Theinstructionsetalsoallowsyoutoretainyoursoftwareinvestmentwhenmovingfromothergeneral-purpose‘C2xxgeneration,sourcecodecompatiblewiththe’C2xgeneration,andupwardlysourcecodecompatiblewiththe‘C5xgenerationofDSPsfromTexasInstruments.The‘C24xarchitectureisalsowell-suitedforprocessingcontrolsignals.Itusesa16-bitwordlengthalongwith32-bitregistersforstoringintermediateresults,andhastwohardwareshiftersavailabletoscalenumbersindependentlyoftheCPU.Thiscombinationminimizesquantizationandtruncationerrors,andincreasesp2ocessingpowerforadditionalfunctions.Suchfunctionsmightincludeanotchfilterthatcouldcancelmechanicalresonancesinasystemoranestimationtechniquethatcouldeliminatestatesensorsinasystem.The‘C24xDSPcontrollerstakeadvantageofansetofperipheralfunctionsthatallowTexasInstrumentstoquicklyconfigurevariousseriesmembersfordifferentprice/performancepointsorforapplicationoptimization.Thislibraryofbothdigitalandmixed-signalperipheralsincludes:--Timers--Serialcommunicationsports(SCI,SPI)--Analog-to-digitalconverters(ADC)--Eventmanager--Systemprotection,suchaslow-voltageandwatchdogtimerTheDSPcontrollerperipherallibraryiscontinuallygrowingandchangingtosuittheoftomorrow’sembeddedcontrolmarketplace.TheTMS320F/C240isthefirststandarddeviceintroducedinthe‘24xseriesofDSPcontrollers.Itsetsthestandardforasingle-chipdigitalmotorcontroller.The‘240canexecute20MIPS.Almostallinstructionsareexecutedinasimplecycleof50ns.Thishighperformanceallowsreal-timeexecutionofverycomple8controlalgorithms,suchasadaptivecontrolandKalmanfilters.Veryhighsamplingratescanalsobeusedtominimizeloopdelays.The‘240hasthearchitecturalfeaturesnecessaryforhigh-speedsignalprocessinganddigitalcontrolfunctions,andithastheperipheralsneededtoprovideasingle-chipsolutionformotorcontrolapplications.The‘240ismanufacturedusingsubmicronCMOStechnology,achievingalogpowerdissipationrating.Alsoincludedareseveralpower-downmodesforfurtherpowersavings.Someapplicationsthatbenefitfromtheadvancedprocessingpowerofthe‘24i0nclude:---Industrialmotordrives---Powerinvertersandcontrollers--Automotivesystems,suchaselectronicpowersteering,antilockbrakes,andclimatecontrol--ApplianceandHVACblower/compressormotorcontrols--Printers,copiers,andotherofficeproducts--Tapedrives,magneticopticaldrives,andothermassstorageproducts--RoboticandCNCmillingmachinesTofunctionasasystemmanager,aDSPmusthaverobuston-chipI/Oandotherperipherals.Theeventmanagerofthe‘240isunlikeanyotheravailableonaDSP.Thisapplication-optimizedperipheralunit,coupledwiththehighperformanceDSPcore,enablestheuseofadvancedcontroltechniquesforhigh-precisionandhigh-efficiencyfullvariablespeedcontrolofallmotortypes.Includeintheeventmanagerarespecialpulse-widthmodulation(PWM)generationfunctions,suchasaprogrammabledead-bandfunctionandaspacevectorPWMstatemachinefor3-phasemotorsthatprovidesstate-of-the-artmaximumefficiencyintheswitchingofpowertransistors.Thereindependentupdowntimers,eachwithit’sowncompareregister,supportthegenerationofasymmetric(noncentered)aswellassymmetric(centered)PWMwaveforms.Open-LoopandClosed-LoopControlOpen-loopControlSystemsThewordautomaticimpliesthatthereisacertainamountofsophisticationinthecontrolsystem.Byautomatic,itgenerallymeansThatthesystemisusuallycapableofadaptingtoavarietyofoperatingconditionsandisabletorespondtoaclassofinputssatisfactorily.However,notanytypeofcontrolsystemhastheautomaticfeature.Usually,theautomaticfeatureisachievedbyfeed.gthefeedbackstructure,itiscalledanopen-loopsystem,whichisthesimplestandmosteconomicaltypeofcontrolsystem.inaccuracyliesinthefactthatonemaynotknowtheexactcharacteristicsofthefurther,whichhasadefinitebearingontheindoortemperature.Thisalcopointstoanimportantdisadvantageoftheperformanceofanopen-loopcontrolsystem,inthatthesystemisnotcapableofadaptingtovariationsinenvironmentalconitionsortoexternaldisturbances.Inthecaseofthefurnacecontrol,perhapsanexperiencedpersoncanprovidecontrolforacertaindesiredtemperatureinthehouse;butidthedoorsorwindowsareopenedorclosedintermittentlyduringtheoperatingperiod,thefinaltemperatureinsidethehousewillnotbeaccuratelyregulatedbytheopen-loopcontrol.Anelectricwashingmachineisanothertypicalexampleofanopen-loopsystem,becausetheamountofwashtimeisentirelydeterminedbythejudgmentandestimationofthehumanoperator.Atrueautomaticelectricwashingmachineshouldhavethemeansofcheckingthecleanlinessoftheclothescontinuouslyandturnitsedtoffwhenthedesireddegisedofcleanlinessisreached.Closed-LoopControlSystemsWhatismissingintheopen-loopcontrolsystemformoreaccurateandmoreadaptablecontrolisalinkorfeedbackfromtheoutputtotheinputofthesystem.Inordertoobtainmoreaccuratebontrol,thecontrolledsignalc(t)mustbefedbackandcomparedwiththereferenceinput,andanactuatingsignalproportionaltothedifferenceoftheoutputandtheinputmustbesentthroughthesystemtocorrecttheerror.Asystemwithoneormorefeedbackpat(slikethatjustdescribediscalledaclosed-loopsystem.humanbeingareprobablythemostcomplexandsophisticatedfeedbackcontrolsysteminexistence.Ahumanbeingmaybeconsideredtobeacontrolsystemwithmanyinputsandoutputs,capableofcarryingouthighlycomplexoperations.Toillustratethehumanbeingasafeedbackcontrolsystem,letusconsiderthattheobjectiveistoreachforanobjectonaperformthetask.Theeyesserveasasensingdevicewhichfeedsbackcontinuouslythepositionofthehand.Thedistancebetweenthehandandtheobjectistheerror,whichiseventuallybroughttozeroasthehandreachertheobject.Thisisatypicalexampleofclosed-loopcontrol.However,ifoneistoldtoreachfortheobjectandthenisblindolded,onecanonlyreachtowardtheobjectbyestimatingitsexactposition.ItisAsantherillustrativeexampleofaclosed-loopcontrolsystem,showstheblockdiagramoftheruddercontrolsystemofThebasicalementsandtheblocadiagramofaclosed-loopcontrolsystemareshowninfig.Ingeneral,theconfigurationofafeedbackcontrolsystemmaynotbeconstrainedtothatoffig&.Incomplexsystemstheremaybemultitudeoffeedbackloopsandelementblocks.數(shù)控在先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)領(lǐng)域最根本的觀念之一是數(shù)控（NCo數(shù)控來(lái)臨之前，所有機(jī)床是手工操作和控制。手動(dòng)控制機(jī)床有許多限制，或許沒(méi)有比操作者的技能更突 出。用手動(dòng)控制，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量直接相關(guān)，并僅限于操作者的技能。數(shù)控具有重要的意義 在于它擺脫手動(dòng)控制機(jī)床。數(shù)控機(jī)床意味著，機(jī)器操作和其他手寫(xiě)機(jī)器操作系統(tǒng)的到來(lái)。操作機(jī)床，數(shù) 控技術(shù)員只要寫(xiě)出機(jī)床的指示程序，機(jī)床就會(huì)自動(dòng)控制，它必須與一個(gè)接口接受和解碼程序指示，作為一個(gè)讀者已知的設(shè)備。數(shù)控開(kāi)發(fā)，克服了人工操作的局限性，并且已經(jīng)完成。數(shù)控機(jī)床比手動(dòng)操作 機(jī)器更為準(zhǔn)確，他們可以使得生產(chǎn)部分更得體，他們更快，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)他的時(shí)間花費(fèi)成本較低。數(shù)控的開(kāi)發(fā)推動(dòng)了制造業(yè)的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展：1。電火花加工。2。激光切割。3。電子束焊接。數(shù)控機(jī)床也比他們更早的機(jī)器更為的靈活。一種數(shù)控機(jī)床能自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的種類 繁多，每個(gè)涉及的零件，從經(jīng)濟(jì)的角度，將不會(huì)被可行的手動(dòng)控制機(jī)床和工藝產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)品種所替代。像許多先進(jìn)技術(shù)一樣，數(shù)控出生于美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。該數(shù)控概念 是在50年代初由美國(guó)空軍提出。在最初階段，數(shù)控機(jī)床能夠使直接有效地削減人 力。然而，制作彎曲的零件是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)闄C(jī)床要進(jìn)行編程，進(jìn)行橫向和縱向的一系列步驟，以產(chǎn)生一個(gè)曲線。較短的可以用直線組成，是平滑曲線。它的的每一步驟都必須進(jìn)行計(jì)算。這個(gè)問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致了 1959年自動(dòng)編程工具（ APT）語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展，使用類似數(shù)控英文語(yǔ)句來(lái)定義幾何零件，描述刀具配置，并制定所需的方案。新的 APM言的發(fā)展是重大的一步，推動(dòng)數(shù)控技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。原來(lái)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)廣泛使用穿孔紙，后來(lái)由 磁性塑料帶代替。一個(gè)使用穿孔紙的人解釋了該機(jī)器的磁帶使用說(shuō)明?？傊?，所有一 切都代表數(shù)控控制的大步發(fā)展。然而，有一些問(wèn)題，就是數(shù)控在這點(diǎn)上的發(fā)展。一個(gè)主要的問(wèn)題是該打孔紙帶中的脆弱性。就是在輸入程序指令時(shí)紙帶的撕 裂，比這個(gè)問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)重的是，在機(jī)床制造過(guò)程中的連續(xù)性，攜帶的紙帶編程指 示必須重新運(yùn)行。如果生產(chǎn)預(yù)先制定的 100份， 還需要運(yùn)行 100個(gè)紙帶獨(dú)立運(yùn)行的時(shí)間。脆弱的紙帶根本無(wú)法承受這樣的環(huán)境，這樣的無(wú)法重復(fù)使用。這導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)特殊磁帶的發(fā)展。而通過(guò)在磁帶打孔系列的編程指令中的紙帶，其中最重要的是，很難或者不可能改變磁帶上輸入的指令。即使是在一個(gè)最微 小的調(diào)整方案，也需要中斷才能加工，并制作出新的磁帶。它仍然需要盡可能多的時(shí) 間運(yùn)行磁帶來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)要產(chǎn)生部分。幸運(yùn)的是，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)成為了現(xiàn)實(shí)，并很快解決了數(shù) 控問(wèn)題，這與打孔紙和膠帶密切相關(guān)。作為知名的數(shù)控概念發(fā)展（DNC解決了紙張和塑料帶與數(shù)控相關(guān)作為執(zhí)行指令的編程語(yǔ)言磁帶的問(wèn)題。在直接數(shù)字控制下，精密機(jī)床的束縛，通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸 鏈 路，連接在主機(jī)和機(jī)器工具，通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸連接需要。直接數(shù)字控制穿孔紙帶和塑 料 帶的應(yīng)用上是一個(gè)重大的進(jìn)步。但是，它受所有技術(shù)，在主機(jī)上卻有相同的限制。 當(dāng)主機(jī)出現(xiàn)故障，機(jī)器工具也會(huì)出現(xiàn)故障。這個(gè)問(wèn)題引導(dǎo)了計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控的發(fā)展。關(guān)于可編程邏輯控制器（PL。和微型計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展使微處理器的發(fā)展。這兩項(xiàng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制（CNC允許的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。每臺(tái)機(jī)器工具，PLCM微型計(jì)算機(jī)，它為同樣的目的。這允許程序自動(dòng)輸入和存儲(chǔ)在每個(gè)機(jī)床上。數(shù)控解決 相 關(guān)的主機(jī)停機(jī)的問(wèn)題，但它推出了著名的數(shù)據(jù)管理的另一個(gè)問(wèn)題。同樣的程序可能 會(huì)被裝上10種不同的微型電腦，它們之間沒(méi)有溝通。此問(wèn)題處理是在當(dāng)?shù)貐^(qū)域網(wǎng)絡(luò)的 過(guò)程中解決的connectDigital信號(hào)處理器的。在許多情況下的模擬信號(hào)會(huì)用各種方法處理問(wèn)題，在很多方面像濾波和頻譜 分析，設(shè)計(jì)模擬硬件來(lái)執(zhí)行這些職能是可能的，但已變得越來(lái)越少，由于更高的性 能需求，靈活性的需求，以及需要削減減少開(kāi)發(fā)/測(cè)試的時(shí)間的需求。正是在困難時(shí)，換句話說(shuō)，是模擬信號(hào)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)分析改變了現(xiàn)狀。抽樣一個(gè)信號(hào)是專門(mén)為嵌入式信號(hào)處理的操作，這種處理器被稱為數(shù)字信號(hào) 處理器，是數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器的代表。今天有數(shù)百個(gè)家庭的 DS耿盡可能多的制造商，每一個(gè)特定的價(jià)格/性能/使用組來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)的。大的廠家很多，像德州儀器，摩托羅拉，都提供專門(mén)的DSFB馬達(dá)控制或調(diào)制解調(diào)器這些領(lǐng)域的，和一般的高性能DSPt理，可以執(zhí)行廣泛的任務(wù)范圍。軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工具包也可以，也有公司做好 DSP勺，允許程序員可以實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的處理算法，利用簡(jiǎn)單的“拖放 '和'下降”的方法的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工具。DSP勺或多或少取決于兩類下降的基礎(chǔ) 架構(gòu)的定點(diǎn)和浮點(diǎn)。定點(diǎn)設(shè)備操作一般在 16位，而浮點(diǎn)器件上 32-40位浮點(diǎn)操作。不用說(shuō)，定點(diǎn)設(shè)備一般比較便宜。另一個(gè)重要的結(jié)構(gòu)不同的地方是，定點(diǎn)處理器往往只有一個(gè)“通用的蓄電池架構(gòu)”，這使得他們的方案很棘手，更重要的是，制造的C-編譯器固有的低效率。浮點(diǎn)DSP勺表現(xiàn)更像是共同的通用CPU勺寄存器文件。在市場(chǎng)上有成千上萬(wàn)不同的數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器，找到項(xiàng)目最合適的數(shù)字信號(hào)處 理器是一個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù)。最好的辦法可能是成立一個(gè)約束和心愿，并試圖針對(duì)它的最大制造商的處理器來(lái)進(jìn)行比較?！八拇蟆钡臄?shù)字信號(hào)處理器制造商：德州儀器，摩托羅拉， AT&Tffi模擬設(shè)備。數(shù)字至模擬轉(zhuǎn)換MPEG頻解碼，數(shù)字壓縮的數(shù)據(jù)反饋到執(zhí)行的 DSPS碼，解碼后的樣本，將轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬域回來(lái)，與由此產(chǎn)生的信號(hào)放大器或類似的音頻設(shè)備。這個(gè)數(shù)字到模擬轉(zhuǎn)換（DCA的工作由一個(gè)具有相同名稱和不同音頻媒體的電路提供不同的性能和質(zhì)量，如THD（總諧波失真），對(duì)位，線性度，速度，過(guò)濾特征和其他一些。TMS32康歹DQ的德州儀器該TLS320family儀器由定點(diǎn)，浮點(diǎn)組成，數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器的多處理器（DSP及foxed點(diǎn)DS般制器。 TMS32廉列數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)時(shí)信號(hào)處理具體的架構(gòu)。F/C240是C2000DSP臺(tái),并控制應(yīng)用而優(yōu)化。C24x^JDS般制器系歹1」，結(jié)合這個(gè)控制器外設(shè)的實(shí)時(shí)處理能力，以創(chuàng)造一個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用的理想解決方案。以下特點(diǎn) 使TMS320系列正確選擇應(yīng)用廣泛的加工范圍：--非常靈活的指令集--固有業(yè)務(wù)靈活性--高速性能--創(chuàng)新的并行結(jié)構(gòu)--成本效益一代的TMS32廉列器件具有相