2023屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)：主謂一致課件(共47張PPT)

謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)的狹義和廣義之分謂語(yǔ)的類(lèi)型（簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)和復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)）謂語(yǔ)的狹義和廣義之分

SV

SVOSVPSVoOSVOC謂語(yǔ)的類(lèi)型簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)（由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞組成）1.情V+V原形復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)2.復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)句型的被動(dòng)式3.SVP句型里的VP

雙重謂語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象雙重謂語(yǔ)＝普通謂語(yǔ)＋并列句/從句一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋形容詞Heleftthismorningverygay.(Hewasverygaywhenheleftthismorning.)Hesattheresilent.(Hesatthereandhewassilent.)Shelaytheremotionless.Shegrewupquitefastidiousaboutherclothing.Shewasmotionlesswhenshelaythere.Shewasquitefastidiousaboutherclothingwhenshegrewup.二、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋名詞(慎用)Sheleftashygirlandreturnedayoungmother.(Shewasashygirlwhensheleftandayoungmotherwhenshereturned.)Helivedaheroanddiedamartyr.Hewasaherowhenhelivedandamartyrwhenhedied.三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋分詞Theylaytherechatting.(Theywerechattingwhentheylaythere.)Hewanderedwondering.Hecamehomeexhausted.Hewaswonderingwhenhewandered.Hewasexhaustedwhenhecamehome.四、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋what從句Hereturnedhomewhathehadalwaysbeen.（Hewaswhathehadalwaysbeenwhenhereturnedhome.）回家時(shí)，他還是老樣子。注意：如果要對(duì)“第二謂語(yǔ)”進(jìn)行否定，否定詞仍然在“第一謂語(yǔ)”的位置上用Hecamehomeexhausted.(此處came是第一謂語(yǔ)，exhausted是第二謂語(yǔ))Henevercamehomeexhausted.(他回家時(shí)從不疲憊。)SimilarCasesShedidn’tarriveaccompaniedbyherdaughter她抵達(dá)時(shí)并沒(méi)有她女兒陪同。Hedidn’tpassnoticed.他路過(guò)時(shí)沒(méi)人注意。ThreeGuidingPrinciples:

1、語(yǔ)法一致(GrammaticalConcord)2、意義一致(NotionalConcord)3、就近原則(PrincipleofProximity)

Back主謂一致

subject-verbConcord語(yǔ)法一致主謂一致主要表現(xiàn)在“數(shù)”的形式上。Number

meanssingularorplural.Thebasicruleofsentenceagreementissimple:Asubjectmustagreewithitspredicateverbinnumber.這種一致關(guān)系叫作“語(yǔ)法一致”。例如：Agrammarbook

helpsyoulearnsomethingabouttherulesofalanguage.Grammarbooks

helpyoulearnsomethingabouttherulesofalanguage.需要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、以及從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Reading

often

meanslearning.ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningdoesyoualotofgood.

Whathesaid

hasbeenrecorded.

2、不定代詞one,every,each,oneof,noone,nothing，either,neither,manya

等作主語(yǔ)或是修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Neitherofmysisterslikessports.Manyastudenttakesawalkoncampusafterdinner.

Everyboyandgirlshowsgreatinterestinextra-curriculumactivities.3、表示國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)、事件、作品等名稱(chēng)的專(zhuān)有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：OneThousandAndOneNights

tellspeoplelotsofmysteriousbitsoffolklore.TheUnitedStates

isleadingtheworldinscienceandtechnology.TheUnitedNations

playsanimportantroleintheinternationalaffairs.

4、aportionof,aseriesof,akindof,thenumberof等與名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Aseriesofhightechnologyproductshasbeenlaidoutintheexhibition.。Thenumberofprintingmistakesinsomerecentbooksoftensurprisespeopleeventodeath.Asubstantialportionofthereportsismissing.這些報(bào)告都沒(méi)有提及實(shí)質(zhì)問(wèn)題。Akindofroseinthegardensmellsverypleasant.Ontheseashore,somepeople___

playingvolleyballandsome___lyinginthesun.Bothofus___fondofwatchingfootballgames.

Anumberofwill-begraduates___voluntarilygoingtoworkintheWestofChina.Practiceareareareare5、有些短語(yǔ)，如：alotof,mostof,anyof,halfof,threefifthsof,eightypercentof,someof,noneof,therestof,allof謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于_____________________________例如：Alotof

moneyintheshop____stolenyesterdaywhentheelectricitywassuddenlycutoff.Alotof

booksaboutInvestmentFund___beenpublishedrecently.所接名詞為可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)。washave意義一致(NotionalConcord)這一原則是指，從意義著眼來(lái)解決主謂一致問(wèn)題。有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)依意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義上卻是單數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)依意義亦用單數(shù)形式。1當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面接由aswellas,asmuchas,accompaniedby,including,inadditionto,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,togetherwith等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受其影響。1)Petroleum

alongwithfuelgashasrecentlyriseninprice.

2)Thestudentstogetherwiththeirteacheraregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.Petroleumhasrecentlyriseninprice,alongwithfuelgas.

Alongwithfuelgas,petroleumhasrecentlyriseninprice.Thestudentsaregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekendtogetherwiththeirteacher.

Togetherwiththeirteacher,thestudentsaregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.

2形容詞前加定冠詞即“the+形容詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其意義若是指?jìng)€(gè)人或是抽象概念應(yīng)看作_____；但如果其意義是指一類(lèi)人則應(yīng)該看作是_____。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)例如：Theyoung,ontheonehand,often______(think)oftheoldconservative.Ontheotherhand,theoldalways______(consider)theyounginexperience.

Thetruealways_______(triumph)..thinkconsidertriumphsTheaccusedwasfoundguilty.Severaloftheaccusedwerefoundguilty.Thebelovedisforeverinhisheart.Thebelovedareforeverinhisheart.Thecondemnedwassentencedtodeath.Thecondemnedweresentencedtodeath.3.用and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，指同一個(gè)人或物或通常由兩個(gè)部件配成的物品時(shí)，用_____謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，指不同的人或物或分開(kāi)的東西用______謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！镏档米⒁獾氖?，兩種抽象的東西被人們看作是不可分的一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)例如：Warandpeace

isaconstantthemeinhistory.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平是一個(gè)歷史上的永恒的主題。ChineseandJapanese

silk

areofgoodquality.

中國(guó)絲綢和日本絲綢質(zhì)量都很好。Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Witandhumoraboundsinthebook.Stressandtirednessoftenresultinalackofconcentration.就近原則(PrincipleofProximity)這一原則是指，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)常常與最近作主語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)保持一致。常出現(xiàn)在這類(lèi)句子中的連詞有：or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…等。There-be句型

Back例如：EitherIor

they

____responsiblefortheresultofthematter.Neithertheunkindwordsnor

theunfriendlyattitude

______(have)causedmeanydistress.Notonlyhebutalso

allhisfamily____(be)keenonconcerts

Neitherhisfamilynor

he

_____(know)anythingaboutit.There___(be)alongspringboardandthreeraftsatvaryingdistancefromthestore.arehasareknowsisProblemsofconcordwithnounsendingin–s

以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式是在詞尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞并不是可數(shù)名詞。它們用法多樣，造成了實(shí)際使用上的困難。這些名詞的使用可遵循的原則有：Back1)Diseaseandgamenamesendingin-s以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)和游戲名稱(chēng)2)Subjectnamesendingin-ics以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)3)Geographicalnamesendingin-s以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(chēng)4)othernounsendingin–s其他以-s結(jié)尾的名詞（一）以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題

Arthritis（關(guān)節(jié)炎）,bronchitis（支氣管炎）,diabetes（糖尿病）,mumps（腮腺炎）,phlebitis（靜脈炎）,rickets（軟骨?。?這類(lèi)以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。例如：1.Arthritiscausesgreatpaininthejointsofthepatient.2.Thediabetes

isakindofchronicdisease.3.Measlesusuallyoccursinchildren.4.Phlebitis

isaswollenconditionofthebloodvessels.以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題

以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。例如：1.Darts

isbasicallyaeasygame.2.Marblesisnotconfinedtochildren.但當(dāng)Darts，Marbles等的意義為游戲器具而非游戲名稱(chēng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。

例如：1.Threedartsarethrownateachturn.Back（二）以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題某些以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(chēng)，如果是國(guó)名，如theUnitedStates，theNetherlands等，因其是單一政治實(shí)體，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作單數(shù)。例如：

TheUnitedStates

washitbytheGreatDepressionin1930s'.InearlyJanuary1996theNetherlands

washitbyitsworststormsince1976.但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：TheHimalayas

haveamagnificentvarietyofplant.TheStraitsofGibraltar

havenotlosttheirstrategicimportance.Back（三）以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如physics,mathematics,mechanics,optics,acoustics,politics,statistics,economics,linguistics,athletics等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。例如：Physics

isafundamentalsubjectinscience.Mathematics

isaninterestingsubject.Athletics

is

arequiredcourseforstudentsofallgrades.但如果這類(lèi)名詞表示學(xué)科以外的其它含義，可作復(fù)數(shù)用例如：Athletics（體育運(yùn)動(dòng)）havebeengreatlyencouragedatthiscollege.Theeconomics

（經(jīng)濟(jì)效益）oftheprojectarestillatissue.Back（四）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問(wèn)題A.以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有一些通常以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名詞，如glasses,pincers,scissors,shorts,trousers等，這類(lèi)名詞做主語(yǔ)，如果不帶“一把”、“一副”等單位詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Mary'sglasses

arenew.John'strousers

areblack.如果帶有單位詞，則由單位詞決定動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Onepairofpincersisn'tenough.Twopairsofscissorsaremissingfrommytoolbox.B.其他以-s結(jié)尾的名詞英語(yǔ)中還有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，如archives，arms,clothes,contents,eaves,fireworks,goods,suburbs,thanks,

wages這類(lèi)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：ThearchivesofthecountryarekeptintheDepartmentofSecurity.Thecontentsofthebookaremostamusing.Highwagesoftenresultinhighprices.Mythanksaresincere.Problemsofconcordwithcollectivenounsassubject

以集體名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題集體名詞在意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，而在語(yǔ)法形式上是單數(shù)。以這類(lèi)名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題往往在于對(duì)“語(yǔ)法一致”和“意義一致”兩種原則的選擇。Back集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)的意義：主語(yǔ)表示整體時(shí)視為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)表示集體中的個(gè)體成員時(shí)視為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Thefamily

areallfondoffootball.Thefamily

isthetiniestcellofthesociety.Thepopulationoftheearthisincreasingveryfast.Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.Thecompanywassetuplastyear.Thecompanyaremostlyyoungmen.

Thehotelisatthefootofahill.Allthehotelaregatheredinthehall.（四）acommittee,etcof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞的主謂一致問(wèn)題如果主語(yǔ)是由acommitteeof/apanelof/a(the)boardof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成，隨后的動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如：Acommitteeof

twelvemen

istodiscussthematter.Apanelof

expertshasconsideredthesituation.Theboardofmanagers

isresponsibleforthefirm.Back倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中主謂語(yǔ)的一致在倒裝句中，其他成分放到句子前部，而主語(yǔ)則往往被置于句子后部，這時(shí)要注意辨認(rèn)主語(yǔ)，以保持主謂一致。Aftertheexamsisthetimeforrest.Inthemarginswaswrittensomethinginredink.主謂一致練習(xí)Fiftymiles__notagreatdistance.It__Mr.LiandMr.Wangwhodidit.NobodybutWilliamandJohn__askedtogo.Herchildre