八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)unit6 How long have you been collecting shells課件人教版

AttackyourlimitationsBuildyourconfidenceCommityourself信：人言可畏

誓言：有口無(wú)心

警示語(yǔ)：當(dāng)你失去的時(shí)候才想擁有Helaughsbestwholaughslast!

Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?

Newwords

1.collectv.

2.collectionn.

3.collectorn.

4.skatev./n.

5.skatern.

6.goskating

7.runoutof

lookoutofoutofstyleEuropeEuropeanChinaChineseRussiaRussianJapanJapaneseJewJewishAustralia---Australian

澳大利亞人(的)Russia---Russian

俄羅斯人(的)Jew---Jewish

猶太人---猶太人的England---English

英國(guó)人(的)China---Chinese

中國(guó)人(的)Japan---Japanese

日本人(的)

Europe---European

歐洲人(的)Asia---Asian

亞洲人(的)west---western

西方人(的)east---eastern

東方人(的)shell /el/貝殼marathon

馬拉松skater /skeit?/溜冰者skate /skeit/溜冰,溜冰鞋Readbyyourselvesloudly.放開聲音自己讀.自學(xué)(1)

/`m?r?

?n/

勇敢的你不會(huì)就問

CollectshellsCollectcoinsCollectstampsCollectkitesCollecttoyanimalsSnowglobeskitesflyingakite

stampteapotstoneflashcarddollpicturebookManypeopleliketocollect.Theyoftencollect……

papermoneytrafficcardcoinwatch/clocknewspaper

ticketpicturepostcardcreditcarddrawing?wasborn?startedteachingEnglishhavebeenteaching?yearsI

started

teachingEnglishin2001.IhavebeenteachingEnglish

2013teachMyteachinglifefor12years.since12yearsago.since2001.sinceIwas23yearsold.1978200112……wasborn……startedlearningEnglishhavebeenlearning1.5yearsIstartedlearningEnglishin...IhavebeenlearningEnglish2013studyTask1—Speakingsince…for…Yourlifexxx20115HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?YaoMing’ssportslife1980wasborn1989startedplayingbasketballhasbeenplaying24yearsHestartedplayingbasketballin1989.Hehasbeenplayingbasketball

since1989.Hehasbeenplayingbasketball

for24years.2013playsHehasbeenplayingbasketball

since24yearsago.Hehasbeenplayingbasketball

sincehewas10yearsold.pairworkA:Howlonghasshebeenpalyingfootball

?B:Shehasbeenplayingfootballfor30minutes./since30minutesago.playingfootball30minutessleeping40minutesplayingcomputer4hourswatchingTV3hours

skating2hourscooking1hourTask2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別I1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have+過去分詞表示在某一特定時(shí)間之前曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作,或者到這一時(shí)間為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作.2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)時(shí):have+been+現(xiàn)在分詞

(1)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,并有可能持續(xù)下去,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程；表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的重復(fù)性動(dòng)作。

(2)注意:多用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如work,live,study,skate,collect…

概念:動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,

并且有可能持續(xù)下去構(gòu)成:

have/hasbeen+doingsth+常用詞:for+一段時(shí)間;since+

e.g.Howlong

have

you

beenswimming?Ihavebeenswimming

for

3years./since3yearsago.

Howlong

has

she

beenskating?Shehasbeenskating

since

nineo’clock.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)從句(一般過去時(shí))一段時(shí)間+ago過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):1.for+一段時(shí)間

2.since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

3.since+一般過去時(shí)的句子表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)間。其動(dòng)作是否繼續(xù)下去，由上下文而定。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：have/hasbeen+V.ing+……Howlonghaveyoubeendoing…?

I’vebeendoing…for…+一段時(shí)間since…+一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)

+

一段時(shí)間+ago

+

從句注意點(diǎn)三：havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他們到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just,ever,never等連用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛才去郵局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過長(zhǎng)城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？Have(has)beento后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。3、have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊f話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到書店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化，在動(dòng)詞后加ed，規(guī)則變化有以下四種：

①原形+ed

如：worked,

passed

②詞尾是e時(shí)，直接加d

如：liked

lived

③若詞尾為“輔音字母加y”，則改y為i加ed。詞尾為“元音字母+y”時(shí)，直接加d；如:

played

stayed

studied

cried

④末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)是，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母加ed.如：

stopped

dropped

動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化初中英語(yǔ)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞巧記法

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按其過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方式可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞由詞尾加-ed構(gòu)成，而不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化因詞而異。但如對(duì)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞做一分析，就可發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的“規(guī)則”。為方便同學(xué)們記憶，現(xiàn)將初中英語(yǔ)(新目標(biāo)goforit)中常見的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的原形、過去式和過去分詞列出并規(guī)為五種類型。同學(xué)們還可將第四、五類分為若干組，以便準(zhǔn)確記憶。一、AAA型（動(dòng)詞原形、過去式、過去分詞同形）cost（花費(fèi)）costcostcut（割）cutcuthit（打）hithithurt(傷害）hurthurtlet（讓）letletput（放）putputset（設(shè)置）setset

read（讀）

read／red/

read

／red/二、AAB型（動(dòng)詞原形與過去式同形）beat（跳動(dòng)）beat

beaten三、ABA型（動(dòng)詞原形與過去分詞同形）become（變成）

became

becomecome（來(lái)）

camecome四、ABB型（過去式與過去分詞同形）

get（得到）

gotgothold（抓?。?/p>

heldheldsit（坐）

satsatwin（贏）

wonwonmeet（遇見）

metmet

keep（保持）

keptkeptsleep（睡）

sleptslept五、ABC型（動(dòng)詞原形、過去式與過去分詞三者不同形）give（給）gave

given

rise（升高）rose

risentake（?。?/p>

took

taken

mistake（弄錯(cuò)）

mistook

mistakenride（騎）rode

ridden

write（寫）

wrote

writtendo（做）

did

done

go（去）went

gonesee（看見）

saw

seenspeak（說，講)spokespokenbe(am,is,are)（是）was,were

been

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與時(shí)間段連用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等詞語(yǔ)是瞬間動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作是一時(shí)的，不能延續(xù)，不能與for、since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用，也不能用于howlong引導(dǎo)的疑問句中。如不能說：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.(ⅹ)但可以說：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.或：Ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook.或：Twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook.

這些瞬間動(dòng)詞常與它對(duì)應(yīng)的可以表示時(shí)間段的詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行互換。become—beborrow—keepbuy—havebegin(start)—beonopen—beopendie—bedeadleave--beawaycome--behere/ingoout—beoutjoin--beamember/beinbegintostudy--study注明：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwodays.Readthefollowingmessage.Thendrawlinestomatchthesnowglobeswiththeirdescriptions.DearJack,Thanksforsendingmethesnowglobeofthemonster.Iloveit.InfactIthinkit’sprobablymyfavorite.I’vebeencollectingsnowglobesforsevenyears,andnowIhave226ofthem.MymomsaysIhavetostop,becausewe’verunoutofroomtostorethem.They’reallaroundourapartment.Ievenstoretheminboxesundermybed.ThefirstoneIevergotwasabirthdaycakesnowglobeonmyseventhbirthday.Iparticularlyloveglobeswithanimals.Ihaveabigonewithbearsinit,andanotheronewithpenguins.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.I’dliketostartasnowglobecollectors’club.Bytheway,what’syourhobby?Love,Ellensendsbsth=sendsthtosb

送給某人某物monster

n.怪物；妖怪runoutof

用完；用盡store

v.儲(chǔ)存cake

n.蛋糕particularlyadv.

獨(dú)特地；顯著地，特別地anyonepron.任何人start

v.發(fā)起；開辦collectorn.收藏家bytheway

順便；附帶說說WordsandExpressions

Drawlinestomatchthesnowglobeswiththeirdescriptions.thesnowglobeofthemonster

thebigglobewithtwobearinittheglobewithpenguins

thebirthdaycakesnowglobe

have(has)gone和have(has)been的區(qū)別1.have(has)gone表示“已經(jīng)去某地了”ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。)2.have(has)been表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式以及過去分詞

巧記規(guī)律AAA:put–put–putlet—let–letABA:become—became—becomeABB:stand—stood—stoodABC:eat—ate—eatenAAAcost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-putcut-cut-cutlet-let-letset-set-setbeat-beat-beathit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtspit-spit-spitrid-rid-rid一、原形、過去式和過去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞，結(jié)尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：動(dòng)詞read的過去式和過去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致，read-read-read，但發(fā)音分別是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。有些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型過去式過去分詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee--e--e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)1.另有一些其它形式的變化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改變單詞中間元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)ABC原型過去式過去分詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eaten

write-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的是過去的發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990。*一般過去時(shí)表示的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Ihaveseenthefilm.(我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。)Isawthefilmlastweek.（只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）總結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：1、構(gòu)成：have/has+過去分詞。2、概念：(1)表示過去或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在成的影響或結(jié)果。常與下列狀語(yǔ)連用:already,just,yet,ever,never,before(2)表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。

a.for和表示一段時(shí)間的詞組連用。如：for3yearsb.since和表示過去某一時(shí)刻的詞或詞組連用。如：since1997,sincetwoyearsago,sincelastweek

Classexercises課堂作業(yè)時(shí)態(tài)填空:1.Howlong_____you___________(collect)stamps?Forhalfayear.2.Howlong____he_________(skate)?SinceI_______(be)tenyearsold.3.When____he____(start)learningtodance?In2002.4.We______________(run)ontheplaygroundsince6o’clocka.m.havehasbeenskatingwasdidstartbeencollectinghavebeenrunning選擇填空：1.()Howlong____you_____lastyear?A.have/sleptB.have/beensleepingC.were/sleeping2.()When____he____classtoday?A.did/startB.is/startC.has/beenstarting3.()Howlong____you____?Ihavebeenswimmingforanhour.A.have/swumB.have/beenswimmingC.did/swim4.()IhavebeenlearningEnglishsinceI___sevenyearsold.A.amB.wasC.havebeen5.()Thankyoufor______tome.A.writeB.writingC.wroteAABBB7.I’minterested_____sciencenow.A.onB.atC.in8.Ihaveagoodfriend_____FrancewhosenameisPaul.A.ofB.inC.for9.Canyoutellmethedifferences_______Chinesefood____Westernfood?A./andB./orCbetweenand10.I’mgladtohearthatTomhas________.A.arrivedB.arrivedinC.got11.Canyoutellme______intoday’snewspaper?A.someinterestingthingsB.anyinterestingthingC.somethinginterestingCBCAC1.(

)I’ve

been

learning

English

________seven

years

_________

.

A.

for,

old

B.

since,

old

C.

since,

ago

D.

for,

ago

2.(

)

When

did

you

start

skating?

-______

.

A.

Since

two

years

ago

B.

Since

I

was

nine

years

old

C.

For

six

hours

D.

Five

years

ago

CD(

)3.Mr

Smith

__________

at

this

school

since

he

________

Xiamen

.

A.

has

been

teach,

came

B.

has

been

teaching,

came

C.

taught,

came

D.

has

been

teaching,

has

come(

)4.

This

pair

of

shoes

__________

very

nice

_________

expensive

.

A.

are,

but

B.

is

,

but

C.

are

,

and

D.

is

,

andBBFillintheblankwithfororsince1.Ihavebeenpracticingthepiano____10:30.2.Mariciahasbeenrunning____15minutes.3.Sarahhasbeensleepingsince_____9:00.4Dalehasbeentalkingonthephone_____5minutes.5.LouiehasbeenstudyingChinese____hewas6yearsold..6.Ihavebeenwatchingyou____10minutes.

sinceforsinceforsincefor一、用for和since填空TheyhavebeenlearningChinese_____theycametoChina.2.Ihaven’tseenher_____alongtime.3.Hehasbeenlivinghere_____2001.4.Shehasbeendoingherhomework___twohours.5.It’s5years_____weleftschool.6.–HowlonghasMarybeenateacher?–_______twoyearsago.sinceforsinceforsinceSince1.Howlong_____you_____________(collect)stampsSincehalfanhourago.2.Howlong_____he____________(skate)?Sincehe_______(be)tenyearsold.3.When____he_____(start)learningEnglish.In2002.4.We__________________(run)ontheplaygroundsince6o’clocka.m.havehasbeenskatingwasdidstartbeencollectinghavebeenrunning二、時(shí)態(tài)填空(過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))5.threeandahalfyeas數(shù)詞+and+ahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞數(shù)詞+單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ahalfHeateoneandahalfapples.(正)Heateoneappleandahalf(正)Heateoneappleandahalfapple.(誤)兩個(gè)半…,三個(gè)半…等類似說法,也都用這兩種結(jié)構(gòu),如:twoandahalforangestwoorangesandahalf1.