大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第六講倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

第六講倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)1大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法Grammar一、倒裝的概念英語(yǔ)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)一般是“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”，語(yǔ)法上稱這種語(yǔ)序?yàn)樽匀徽Z(yǔ)序。但有時(shí)出于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要或修辭的需要，常把句子中的一部分或全部倒轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái)，這種語(yǔ)序就是倒裝語(yǔ)序。二、倒裝的分類英語(yǔ)的倒裝分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝。一）完全倒裝指將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完全置于主語(yǔ)前。完全倒裝一般具有以下兩個(gè)條件：①謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單個(gè)(即不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或be)的不及物動(dòng)詞，且只限于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。②主語(yǔ)只能是名詞。Herecomesthebus.公共汽車來(lái)了。Awaywenttherunners.賽跑選手們跑遠(yuǎn)了。ThedooropenedandincameMrSmith.門開(kāi)了，史密斯先生進(jìn)了來(lái)。注：若主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞，則不能用倒裝。如：Awayhewent.他跑遠(yuǎn)了。二）部分倒裝把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前。Shehardlyhastimetolistentomusic.=Hardlydoesshehavetimetolistentomusic.他幾乎沒(méi)時(shí)間聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。NeverdidIseehimagain.后來(lái)我再也沒(méi)見(jiàn)到過(guò)他了。Seldomdoeshegooutfordinner.他很少出去吃飯。Nosoonerhadwereachedtheairportthantheplanetookoff.我們剛到機(jī)場(chǎng),飛機(jī)就起飛了。Notuntilweloseourhealthdowerealizeitsvalue.等到失去了健康，才明白它的價(jià)值。三、英語(yǔ)倒裝句的幾種情況1.“某些副詞+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的句式，需要全部倒裝。常用的副詞主要有：here,there,now,then,out,in,down,up,away等，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。Outrushedtheboy.那個(gè)男孩沖了出去。Hereisthetelophonenumberofthathotel.這是那家旅館的電話號(hào)碼。Upwentabirdintotheairfromthebushes.一只鳥(niǎo)突然從灌木叢中飛上了天空。注意：主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，不必倒裝。Herehecomes.他來(lái)了。Awayheranoutoftheroom.他跑出了房間。2.表示方位的短語(yǔ)放在句首，后面一般使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。Westofthelakeliesthefamouscity.3.Therebe+主語(yǔ)+地點(diǎn)。其中動(dòng)詞be也可以是其他詞，如lie，stand等。Therearemanydifferentkindsofmooncakesonthetable.ThereinGreecelivedafamousthinker,namedAristotle.4.如果直接引語(yǔ)后注明是什么人說(shuō)的，而且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，需要完全倒裝；主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，一般不用倒裝?！癓et’sgo!”saidthecaptain.“Takeoffyourboots!”orderedtheguard.

5.為了保持句子平衡，或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或使上下文緊密銜接時(shí)。Theyarrivedatanoldchurch,infrontofwhichstoodabigcrowdofpeople.6.用于so開(kāi)頭的句子，表示重復(fù)前面相同的內(nèi)容，意為“也怎么樣”。Ioftengooutforawalkaftersupper.Sodoesshe.我經(jīng)常在晚飯后出去散步，她也這樣。在結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句句型so…that…中，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)so…放在句首，主句需要部分倒裝。Soexcitedwassheatthenewsthatshecouldn’tsayaword.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，她是如此激動(dòng)，以致于一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。7.用于nor,neither開(kāi)頭的句子，表示重復(fù)前面相同的內(nèi)容，“也不怎么樣”。LiLeican’tanswerthequestion.NeithercanI.

Ifyoudon’twaitforhim,norshallI.

Youdonotlikehim,nordoI.你不喜歡他,我也不喜歡。8.only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)（副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句等），全句語(yǔ)序要部分倒裝。Onlyinthiswaycanwegetintouchwiththem.

Onlybecausehewasillwasheabsentfromschool.

注意：only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不必倒裝。OnlyMr.Wangknowsaboutit.9.帶有否定意義的詞放在句首，語(yǔ)序需要部分倒裝。常見(jiàn)的詞語(yǔ)有：not,never,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,atnotime,notonly,notonce,underoncondition,hardly…when,nosooner…than……等。LittledidIthinkheisaspy.我一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)想到他是一個(gè)間諜。HardlyhadIreachedhomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIenteredtheroomthanthephonerang.10.在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，當(dāng)條件從句省去if時(shí)，條件句的主謂語(yǔ)倒裝，即把助動(dòng)詞were，had或should提到主語(yǔ)的前面。（詳參見(jiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。）Shouldhebeherenextweek,hewouldhelpuswiththeproblem.Ifheshouldbehere…,

Weretherenolight,wecouldseenothing.11.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。Mayyoulivelong!祝您長(zhǎng)壽！Longliveourmotherland!祖國(guó)萬(wàn)歲！四）三級(jí)考試重點(diǎn)：1.否定詞位于句首時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞要位于主語(yǔ)的前面進(jìn)行倒裝。常用的否定詞有：not,scarcely,barely,seldom,notuntil,little,in/undernocircumstance,bynomeans,nosooner…than等。2.only+狀語(yǔ)/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝。3.nor,neither,so位于句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝4.虛擬條件句中省略if時(shí)要倒裝涉及倒裝的13個(gè)高頻考點(diǎn)1.考查never置于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)否定副詞never置于句首時(shí)，其后習(xí)慣上要用倒裝語(yǔ)序（與一般疑問(wèn)句形式相同）。(1)Neverinmywildestdreams_________thesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoorconditions.A.Icouldimagine B.couldIimagine C.Icouldn’timagine D.couldn’tIimagine(2)Neverbefore_________ingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.A.hasthiscitybeen B.thiscityhasbeenC.wasthiscity D.thiscitywas（答案分別為BA）2.考查little置于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)否定副詞little置于句首時(shí)，其后習(xí)慣上要用倒裝語(yǔ)序（與一般疑問(wèn)句形式相同）。(1)Little_________thatwewerewatchinghiseverymove,soheseemedtobegoinghisownwayinthisbusiness.A.herealized B.hedidn’trealizeC.didn’therealize D.didherealize(2)TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle_________theyknowaboutGerman.A.have B.did C.had D.do（答案分別為DD）

3.考查seldom置于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)否定副詞seldom置于句首時(shí)，其后習(xí)慣上要用倒裝語(yǔ)序（與一般疑問(wèn)句形式相同）(1)Seldom_________anyapologywhenmistakesaremade.A.wereceive B.dowereceive C.wereceived D.didwereceive(2)Seldom_________anarticlethatwassofulloflies.A.haveIread B.Ihaveread

C.hadIread D.Ihadread（答案分別為BA）4.考查hardly/scarcely置于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)否定副詞hardly,scarcely等置于句首時(shí)，其后習(xí)慣上要用倒裝語(yǔ)序（與一般疑問(wèn)句形式相同）。Hardly_________EdinburghthantheywereorderedtoreturntoLondon.A.hadtheyreached B.theyhadreachedC.havethereached D.theyhavereached（答案為A）5.考查nosooner等置于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)nosooner,nolonger等結(jié)構(gòu)置于句首時(shí)，其后習(xí)慣上要用倒裝語(yǔ)序（與一般疑問(wèn)句形式相同）。如(1)—DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?—No,nosooner_________thanithappened.A.hadshegone

B.shehadgoneC.hasshegone D.shehasgone(2)Nosooner_________mowingthelawnthanitstartedraining.A.haveIstarted B.IhavestartedC.hadIstarted D.Ihadstarted（答案分別為AC）6.考查nowhere置于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)否定副詞nowhere置于句首時(shí)，其后習(xí)慣上要用倒裝語(yǔ)序（與一般疑問(wèn)句形式相同）。如：（答案為A）Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butnowhereelse_________suchabeautifulplace.(遼寧卷)A.canyoufind B.youcouldfindC.youcanfind

D.couldyoufind7.考查bynomeans等置于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)表示否定意義的副詞性短語(yǔ)bynomearns,onnoaccounts,innocase,atnotime等置于句首時(shí)，其后習(xí)慣上要用倒裝語(yǔ)序（與一般疑問(wèn)句形式相同）。I’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans_________withmyprogress.(重慶卷)A.theteacherisnotsatisfied B.istheteachernotsatisfiedC.theteacherissatisfied

D.istheteachersatisfied（答案為D）8.考查notonly置于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)notonly…butalso句式的notonly部分置于句首時(shí)，其后習(xí)慣上要用倒裝語(yǔ)序（與一般疑問(wèn)句形式相同）。_________snacksanddrinksbuttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.A.Notonlytheybrought B.NotonlydidtheybringC.Notonlybroughtthey D.Notonlytheydidbring（答案為B）9.考查notuntil置于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)not…until句式轉(zhuǎn)換成notuntil且置于句首時(shí)，其后的主句部分習(xí)慣上要用倒裝語(yǔ)序（與一般疑問(wèn)句形式相同）。NotuntilIbegantowork_________howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn'tIrealize B.didIrealizeC.Ididn'trealize

D.Irealized（答案為B）10.考查“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)，其后習(xí)慣上要用倒裝語(yǔ)序（與一般疑問(wèn)句形式相同）。

(1)Onlythen_________howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.A.sherealized B.shehadrealizedC.hadsherealized D.didsherealize(2)_________bykeepingdowncostswillPowerDataholditsadvantageoverothercompanies.A.Only B.Just C.Still D.Yet（答案為DA）11.考查“so+形容詞”置于句首時(shí)的倒裝當(dāng)so…that句式的“so+形容詞”部分置于句首時(shí)，其后習(xí)慣上要用倒裝語(yǔ)序（與一般疑問(wèn)句形式相同）。

(1)_________thatMaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.A.Sosuccessfulherbusinesswas B.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.Soherbusinesswassuccessful D.Sowashersuccessfulbusiness(2)Sodifficult_________ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.A.Ididfind B.didIfind

C.Ihavefound D.haveIfound（答案為BB）12.考查類似“sodoI”結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝SodoI這類結(jié)構(gòu)表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情況，后者也同樣適用，通常可譯為“……也一樣”“……也是如此”。(1)—Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.—_________.A.Soismine B.Somineis

C.Sodoesmine D.Sominedoes(2)—It’sburninghottoday,isn’tit?—Yes._________yesterday.A.SowasitB.Soitwas C.Soitis D.Soisit（答案為CA）13.考查類似“nor/neitherdoI”結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝nor[neither]doI這類結(jié)構(gòu)表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情況，后者也同樣適用，通?？勺g為“……也一樣”“……也是如此”。如IfJoe’swifewon’tgototheparty,_________.A.hewilleither

B.neitherwillheC.heneitherwill D.eitherhewill（答案為B）【倒裝專練】1.So_________thateventhepeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.A.loudlyhespoke B.hespokeloudlyC.loudlydidhespeak D.loudlyspokedidhe2.Onlywhenonelosesfreedom_________itsvalue.A.doesoneknow

B.onedoesknowC.doesknowone

D.knowonedoes3.Heneverwenttoseeheragain,_________toapologize.A.nordidhewrite B.norhedidwriteC.hedidwrite D.norhewrote4._________tosleepthanthetelephonerangonceagain.A.Nosoonerhadhegone

B.NosoonerdidhegoC.Henosoonerwent D.Hehadgonenosooner5.Nosooner_________downthanthephonerang.A.hadIsat B.IhadsatC.haveIsat

D.Ihavesat6.Nosooner_________thanhewasaskedtoleaveagain.A.hashearrived B.hehasarrived C.hadhearrived D.hehadarrived7.Little_________,butwe’reflyingtoGenevanextweekendtocelebratehisbirthday.A.doesheknow

B.heknowsC.knowshim D.didheknow8.Neverinmywildestdreams_________towinfirstplacelasttime.A.Iexpected B.didIexpect C.Ihaveexpected D.haveIexpected9.Neverbefore_________somanypeopleherearestillstarving.A.hadIknown B.Ihadknown C.haveIknown D.Ihaveknown

10.Little_________abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A.doeshecare

B.didhecareC.hecares D.hecared11.Onlyaftermyfriendcame_________.(from)A.didthecomputerrepaired B.berepairedthecomputerC.wasthecomputerrepaired D.thecomputerwasrepaired12._________aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomake