第一章第二節(jié) 租船合同

第二節(jié)租船合同一、租船合同的概念

租船合同（charterparty：c/p）是承租人以一定的條件向出租人租用的船舶或艙位，以運輸貨物或旅客，就相互間的權(quán)利、義務(wù)做出明確規(guī)定的合同。航次租船合同（voyagecharterparty:voy.c/p）定期租船合同（timecharterparty:time.c/p）光船租賃合同（bareboatcharterparty）二、租船合同的訂立程序

租船經(jīng)紀人（charteringbroker）是在租船業(yè)務(wù)中代表出租人或承租人進行磋商租船業(yè)務(wù)的人。傭金（commission）船舶經(jīng)紀人接受出租人或承租人的委托，代辦租船交易的談判和簽訂租船合同之后的得到的報酬。船盤信息船盤信息例一：BUILT1984PANFLAG

,

NK

CLASSGRT/NRT

2,847/1,572MTDWT/DWCC

4,618/4300MT

ON

5.233MDERRICK

3SET

x

10MT

方便旗船船盤信息例二：MV

XXX，BUILT

1985，PANAMA

FLAG，GRT/NRT

4939/2864MT，DWT/DWCC

7449/7100MT，ON

7.149M

DRAFT，GRAIN/BALE

CAPA

10222/9607CBM，LOA/BM

113.92/17.4M，SID，3HO/3HA，DERRIK

10MTX4

8MTX1，SPEED

11.5KT例三：OPENSHANGHAI,CHINA15-18JULYM/V‘CJK–DOLPHIN’NEWNAMESEASERVICEGENERALCARGOVESSELPANAMANIANFLAGISSCLASSBUILT:MAY/1986JAPAN(REBUILT2005SHANGHAI,CHINA)GRT1,672TONS,NRT923TONS3,250MT,DWTON5.3MGEARLESSLOA/BM/DEPTH82.40/12.60/6.70MG/B4,243.00/3,978.00CBM2H/2HH/SIZE16.80X24.00X9.00MMACGREGORHATCHCOVER

M.V.TIANSHUN

KOSICHANG

PANAMAFLAG,DWCC5600MT

BUILT1982,NKCLASS,CALLSIGN3FYY,DWT6193MTON6.8M,GRT/NRT5138/2063,LOA/BM102/17M,2HH/TWEENDECK,HATCHSIZE:H1-22.86X9.80MH2-23.80X9.80M,G/BCAPA11836/11147CBM,DERRICKS4X12MT

貨盤信息貨盤信息例一：CGO&QUTTY:35000MTLONGGRAINRICE

+/-5%PACKING:25KG/BAGLAYCAN:on

firstnov.2006L/PORT:1S1BPHOCHIMINH,VIETNAM,D/PORT:1S1BPLUANDA,ANGOLALOADINGRATE:7000MTWWDSHEXUUDISCHARGERATE:3000MTWWDFHINCFRTINVITEOWRSBESTTENDERONFIOCHTRNOMIAGENTATDIS/POTRTARGETPRICE:55USD/MTSUBASGENGON

貨盤信息例二：Fertilizersinbulk(sf1.20)5,400-6,600MT1sbpZhanjiang,S.China1sbpKosichang(Bankok),Thailand15-20Sep.CQDbends3.75pctIAC

貨盤信息例三：CARGO:STEELSTRUCTURE.QUANTITY:6,000CBM.LOADINGPORT:1SBXIAMENPRC.DISCHARGINGPORT:1SBMAINPORTOFKENYA.LOADINGRATE:3000CBMPWWDSHIN.DISCHAGINGRATE:1500CBMPWWDSHIN.LAYCAN:15-30OCT2008.FREIGHT:INVITEOWNERSBESTOFFERFIO.公司名稱：廈門海松船務(wù)代理有限公司聯(lián)系人：MR.KE辦公電話：86-592-5313753

CARGO:STONEPRODUCTINPALLET(ABT1500MTINLOOSE),3500MT5%MOLCO

LDG/DISCHGPORT:1SBPQUANZHOUCHINA/1SBPCHANGHANGKOREALDG/DISCHGRATE:CQDBENDSLAYCAN:15-25SEPT2008FRT:INVITEDOWNSBESTONFIOSTCMM:2.5PCTVSLBETTERFITTEDGEAR提出運力需求選擇目標(biāo)運力確定運力價格審查資料合格？與船東洽談不合格合格起草、修改租船合同部門簽字審核意見簽署合同交接船舶船舶起租落實意見重新選擇租船業(yè)務(wù)操作流程租船合同訂立的程序詢價報價還價報實盤接受訂租簽訂訂租確認書編制、審核、簽訂租船合同

租船詢價inquiry

詢價又稱詢盤。通常是指承租人根據(jù)自己對貨物運輸?shù)男枰驅(qū)Υ暗奶厥庖笸ㄟ^租船經(jīng)紀人在租船市場上要求租用船舶。

承租人所期望條件的內(nèi)容一般應(yīng)包括：需要承運的貨物種類、數(shù)量、裝貨港和卸貨港、裝運期限、租船方式或期限、期望的運價(租金)水平以及所需用船舶的詳細說明等內(nèi)容。

詢價也可以由船舶所有人為承攬貨載而首先通過租船經(jīng)紀人向租船市場發(fā)出。由船舶所有人發(fā)出的詢價內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括出租船舶的船名、國籍、船型、船舶的散裝和包裝容積、可供租用的時間、希望承攬的貨物種類等。租船報價offer

報價又稱發(fā)盤，當(dāng)船舶所有人從船舶經(jīng)紀人那里得到承租人的詢價后，經(jīng)過成本估算或者比較其它的詢價條件，通過租船經(jīng)紀人向承租人提出自己所能提供的船舶情況和運費率或租金率。報價的主要內(nèi)容，除對詢價的內(nèi)容作出答復(fù)和提出要求外，最主要的是關(guān)于租金(運價)的水平和選定的租船合同范本及對范本條款的修改、補充條款。發(fā)盤offer絕對發(fā)盤（實盤）：具有法律效力。--內(nèi)容不可更改/撤回--規(guī)定答復(fù)期限--在答復(fù)期限內(nèi)不得向第三方發(fā)盤--在答復(fù)期限內(nèi)的接受才有效條件發(fā)盤（虛盤）：內(nèi)容有保留條件（SUBJECTS）在放棄保留條件前，條件發(fā)盤不具有法律約束力。“FIRM”字樣/注意時差/答復(fù)以到達發(fā)盤方當(dāng)?shù)貢r間為準(zhǔn)船未租出/發(fā)貨人接受載期/再確認等條件租船報實盤firmoffer

在一筆租船交易中，經(jīng)過多次還價與反還價，如果雙方對租船合同條款的意見一致，一方可以以報實盤的方式要求對方作出是否成交的決定。報實盤時，要列舉租船合同中的必要條款，將雙方已經(jīng)同意的條款和尚未最后確定的條件在實盤中加以確定。同時還要在實盤中規(guī)定有效期限，要求對方答復(fù)是否接受實盤，并在規(guī)定的有效期限內(nèi)作出答復(fù)。FIRMOFFERTO:AGFERTSTRADEINT’LLONDON DATE:2013-7-10ATTN:MR.PETERSTALBERGSUBJECT:M/VANNIEPRINCESS-5000MTBLKFERTSEX.ULSAN/BKKPLSFINDTHEFLWGFIRMOFFERANDREVERTW/I2HRSM/VANNIEPRINCESS-SHIPPARTICULARSATTACHEDHEREWITH:5,000MT10PCTMOLOOBULKFERTSSF1.3~1.41SBPULSAN,S.KOR/1SBPBANKOK,THAILYCN:22/27JUL2013FRT:USD20.00PMTBSS1/1FIOSTFULLFRTTBPAIDTOOWRSNOMINATEDBANKACCTW/I3W/DAYSAFTERCOMPLETIONOFLDGBUTALWAYSB4I/RB/LSIFFAILTOSHIPASPERAGREEDQTTY,CHRTRSRLIABLETOPAYTHEDEADFRTATTHEFRTRATEORPRORATAASAGREED.3,000/2,000MTWWDSHEXUUDEM/DES:USD2000/DHDPDPRDETENTIONTBUSD3000PDPRATCHRTRSACCTDUETOCGOORDOCSUNREADYOROTHERSCAUSEDBYCHRTRSORSHIPPERS.OWRSAGTSBEANYDUES/TAXESONVSLTBFOROWRSACCTANYDUES/TAXESONFRT,CGOTBFORCHRTRSACCTDUNNAGE/SEPERATION/TRIMMINGIFREQUIREDTBFORCHRTRSACCT.OAPTBFORCHRTRSACCTANYDISPUTESTBSETTLEDINHKG,ENGLISHLAWAPPLIEDOTHERWISEDETAILSASPERGENCON94C/PCOMM:TTL2.5PCTENDYRSOONESTREPLYWUDBHIGHLYAPPRECIATEDBESTREGARDS/CAPT.SHARLPSKY租船還價counteroffer

還價又稱還盤。在條件報價的情況下，承租人與船舶所有人之間對報價條件中不能接受的條件提出修改或增刪的內(nèi)容，或提出自己的條件稱為還價。還價意味著詢價人對報價人報價的拒絕和新的報價開始。因此，船東對租船人的還價可能全部接受，也可能接受部分還價，對不同意部分提出再還價或新報價。

COUNTER－OFFERTO:FEOSCOINT’LSHPGDATE:2013-7-18ATTN:CAPT.SHARLPSKYSUBJECT:M/VANNIEPRINCESS-5000MTBLKFERTSEX.ULSAN/BKKPLSFINDTHEFLWGFIRMCARGOOFFERANDREVERTW/I2HRSMIN5,000MTBULKFERTSSF1.3~1.4WOG1SBPULSAN,S.KOR/1SBPBKK,THAILYCN:25/30JUL2013FRT:USD18.00PMTBSS1/1FIOSTF/FRTTBPDTOOWRSNOMINATEDBANKGACCTW/I3W/DAYSAFTERCOMPLETIONOFLDGBUTALWAYSB4I/RB/LS2000MTWWDSSHEXEIU/CQDDEM/DES:USD2000/DHDPDPRCHRTRSAGTATLDGPORTNOWRSAGTSATDISCHGPORTANYDUES/TAXESONVSLTBFOROWRSACCTANYDUES/TAXESONFRT,CGOTBFORCHRTRSACCTDUN/SEP/TRIMMGIFREQUIREDTBFORCHRTRSACCT.BUTOWRSAGREETOUSEANYMATERIALSAVAILABLEONBOARDOAPTBFORCHRTRSACCTBUTOWRSCONTRIBUTEMAXUSD2000LUMPSUMANYDISPUTESTBSETTLEDINHKG,ENGLISHLAWAPPLIEDOTHERWISEDETAILSASPERGENCON76C/PCOMM:TTL2.5PCTENDYRSOONESTREPLYWUDBHIGHLYAPPRECIATEDBESTREGARDS/MR.PETERSTALBERG接受訂租acceptance接受訂租(acceptance)又稱受盤。指一方當(dāng)事人對實盤所列條件在有效期內(nèi)明確表示承諾。至此，租船合同即告成立。原則上，接受訂租是租船程序的最后階段。接受訂租后，一項租船洽商即告結(jié)束。訂租確認書

fixturenote接受訂租是租船程序的最后階段，一項租船業(yè)務(wù)即告成交。通常的做法是，當(dāng)事人之間還要簽署一份“訂租確認書”(fixturenote)。“訂租確認書”無統(tǒng)一格式，但其內(nèi)容應(yīng)詳細列出船舶所有人和承租人在洽租過程中雙方承諾的主要條款。訂租確認書經(jīng)當(dāng)事人雙方簽署后，各保存一份備查。出租人接受訂租，并由雙方簽署訂租確認書，出租人、承租人之間的租船合同成立。SubjecttocontractSubjecttodetailsSubjecttosurvey,permissionorapproval有待于將來正式合同的訂立有待于于另訂細節(jié)FIXTURENOTE

M/T10thOct.1998ItismutuallyagreedbetweenMessrs***asownersandMessrs***ascharterersthat:1.Cargo15,000tRiceinBags5%moreorlessatOwner’soption(Ownerstodeclarequantitytobeshipped2daysbeforevesselarrivingatloadingporting).2.LoadingatonesafeportSingapore.3.DischargingatonesafeportChina.4.LaydaysandCancelingDate:20thto30thOct.1998.5.FreightrateUSD15.00perMetrictonF.I.O.S.CQDbothends.6.100%FreightprepaidbyT/TtoOwners’accountinU.S.DollarsatSingaporeaftercompletionofloadingbeforeissuingandreleasingBillofLading.7.Anydues/taxesonvessel,onfreighttobeforOwners’account.Anydues/taxesoncargotobeforCharterers’account.8.IfCharterersfailtoshipasagreedquantity,theyareliabletopaythedeadfreightrateasagreed.9.Otherwisedetailsasper’76GENCONC/P.FIXTURENOTEMOTORVESSELANNIEPRINCESS DATE:2013-7-30(ORSUITABLESUBSTITUTEVESSEL)ITISMUTUALLYAGREEDBETWEENMESSRS(FEOSCOINT’LSHPGCO)ASOWRSANDMESSRS(AGFERTSTRADEINT’LLODON)ASCHRTRSTHAT:5,000MT10PCTMOLOOBULKAGRPRODSSF1.5~1.8WOGLOADINGPORT:1SBPDALIAN,P.R.CHINADISCHGPORT:1SBPBANKOK,THAILYCN:25/30JUL2013FRT:USD19.00PMTBSS1/1FIOSTFULLFRTTBPAIDTOOWRSNOMINATEDBANKACCTW/I3W/DAYSAFTERCOMPLETIONOFLDGBUTALWAYSB4I/RB/LSIFFAILTOSHIPASPERAGREEDQTTY,CHRTRSRLIABLETOPAYTHEDEADFRTATTHEFRTRATEORPRORATAASAGREED.L/DRATE:3,000MTWWDSHEXUU/CQDDEM/DES:USD2000/1000PDPRDETENTIONTBUSD3000PDPRATCHRTRSACCTDUETOCGOORDOCSUNREADYOROTHERSCAUSEDBYCHRTRSORSHIPPERS.CHRTRS’NOMIAGTSLDGPORTANDOWRSAGTATDISCHGPORTANYDUES/TAXESONVSLTBFOROWRSACCTANYDUES/TAXESONFRT,CGOTBFORCHRTRSACCTDUNNAGE/SEPERATION/TRIMMINGIFREQUIREDTBFORCHRTRSACCT.NOWRSAGREETOUSEANYAVAILABLEONBOARDFREELYOAPTBFORCHRTRSACCTANYDISPUTESTBSETTLEDINHKG,ENGLISHLAWAPPLIEDOTHERWISEDETAILSASPERGENCON94C/PCOMM:TTL2.5PCTINCLUDINGADDRESSCOMMENDFORANDONBEHALFOF:FORANDONBEHALFOF:(OWNERS) (CHARTERERS)租船合同

charterparty正式的租船合同實際是合同已經(jīng)成立后才開始編制的。雙方簽認的訂租確認書