四級專項(xiàng)之信息匹配題

四級專項(xiàng)-長篇閱讀

信息匹配題8:40/14:40考生入場1、出示準(zhǔn)考證、身份證、學(xué)生證。2、手機(jī)嚴(yán)禁帶入考場。3、入座后，請調(diào)試耳機(jī)、試聽。9:00/15:00下發(fā)考試材料1、檢查試題冊、條形碼、答題卡的印刷質(zhì)量。2、閱讀試題冊正面“敬告考生”內(nèi)容。3、粘貼條形碼、填寫個(gè)人信息。1、非聽力考試期間不得佩戴耳機(jī)，且不得提前翻閱試題冊，否則按違規(guī)處理。。2、作文題目在試題冊背面，使用黑色簽字筆在答題卡1上作答。3、作文題考試時(shí)間為30分鐘，之后將立即進(jìn)行聽力考試。

9:10/15:10考試正式開始開始作答作文9:40/15:40聽力考試開始1、打開試題冊，帶上耳機(jī)2、進(jìn)行聽力考試請考生掌握好答題卡1的填涂時(shí)間，聽力錄音播放完畢后，將立即回收答題卡13、聽力理解30分鐘10:10/16:10聽力考試結(jié)束停止作答、摘下耳機(jī)回收答題卡1，考試暫停5分鐘10:15/16:15命令考生繼續(xù)作答作答閱讀理解和翻譯部分11:25/17:25考試結(jié)束考生停止作答1、考生交回試題冊、答題卡22、老師清點(diǎn)無誤后，考生方可離場答題卡一正面學(xué)校及姓名準(zhǔn)考證號條形碼作文學(xué)校及姓名條形碼學(xué)校及姓名條形碼學(xué)校及姓名準(zhǔn)考證號條形碼學(xué)校及姓名答題卡一背面作文續(xù)聽力答題卡二正面準(zhǔn)考證號學(xué)校及姓名選詞填空信息匹配仔細(xì)閱讀答題卡二背面翻譯長篇閱讀—信息匹配長篇閱讀部分采用1篇較長篇幅的文章，總長度四級約1000詞，六級約1200詞。閱讀速度四級約每分鐘100詞；六級約每分鐘120詞。篇章后附有10個(gè)句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能對應(yīng)兩題，有的段落可能不對應(yīng)任何一題。信息匹配題出題原則：命題人一般是從段落中挑出一句或者幾句話，進(jìn)行改寫(即paraphrase)，然后打亂次序就變成了這種題目。換句話說，這種題型不遵循順序原則，考察的是學(xué)生到原文找出指定的相關(guān)信息的能力。（一）長篇閱讀考察的依然是快速閱讀的能力，看你能不能在極短時(shí)間內(nèi)定位關(guān)鍵信息并進(jìn)行匹配。不管題型怎么變，其實(shí)學(xué)習(xí)方法沒變，還是仍舊需要大家提高閱讀理解的能力，因此大量的練習(xí)必不可少。（二）保證詞匯功底。詞匯量的大小與閱讀速度的快慢成正比。閱讀部分總計(jì)4篇文章只有40分鐘的答題時(shí)間，因此詞匯量的大小對于新題型得分的高低有直接關(guān)系。信息匹配題考察點(diǎn)3.采取跳讀的方式，注意段落首尾句作為重點(diǎn)信息處理；特殊信號詞在段落和題目中的對應(yīng)，如數(shù)字、最高級、特殊符號；特別關(guān)注出現(xiàn)在文中的否定句、虛擬語氣等特殊句式。4.還需要特別注意含有“but”、“because”等表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系的句子。1.對于信息匹配題來說，“先題后文”指的就是先讀匹配對象，然后帶著匹配對象中的關(guān)鍵信息（名詞、動詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞為主）查找前面的信息材料，從而確定答案。2.閱讀材料信息時(shí)可用筆劃出關(guān)鍵詞語，以引起注意，便于記憶和理順?biāo)悸?，減輕記憶負(fù)擔(dān)。5.“同意替換”在段落信息匹配題中扮演了很重要的角色。10個(gè)給出的句子基本上都是原文中某個(gè)句子或段落的高度同義替換。信息匹配題做題技巧信息匹配題-樣題真題分析閱讀匹配題答案分析特別注意1.生僻詞注釋處2.特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號-連字符，破折號，括號，引號，冒號等3.數(shù)字信息-年代，數(shù)量，時(shí)間等4.各段段首5.各段段尾6.but轉(zhuǎn)折，because原因，most最高級處等D)Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(實(shí)習(xí))abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity—andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.關(guān)鍵定位詞：internship（生僻詞，文中有注釋）同義替換：UnitedStates=American,preparethemforglobalcareersofferthemopportunity=givethemchances句子：46Americanuniversitiespreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersbygivingthemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.D生僻詞注釋處F)Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.關(guān)鍵定位詞：university-based同義替換：governmentencouragethemodelthelinkbetweenAandB=linkAandB53.Aroundtheworld,governmentsencouragethemodeloflinkinguniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplication.特殊符號：冒號，連字符等Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.….關(guān)鍵定位詞：3.9percent同義替換：overthepastthreedecades=sincethemid-1970sLeavinghometostudyabroad=enrollmentofoverseasstudentsGrowatanannualrateof=increaseatanannualrateof句子：47

Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.數(shù)字信息處C)Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.定位關(guān)鍵詞：twentypercent同義替換：thenewlyhiredprofessorsforeign-born=comefromforeigncountries20percent=twentypercent

50.OfthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringintheUnitedStates,twentypercentcomefromforeigncountries.數(shù)字信息處H)Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.定位關(guān)鍵詞：September11同義替換：studentsseekingadmissionto=…applyingtocausedadramaticdecline=decreasedsharplychangesinthevisaprocess51.ThenumberofforeignstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universitiesdecreasedsharplyafterSeptember11duetochangesinthevisaprocess.數(shù)字信息處I)

MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand—likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory—strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍視)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.關(guān)鍵定位詞：positive,competitiveness同義替換：contributeto=haveapositiveimpactonthreatenAmericancompetitiveness=threatenitscompetitiveness48.TheenrollmentofinternationalstudentswillhaveapositiveimpactonAmericaratherthanthreatenitscompetitiveness.各段落首句E)Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.定位關(guān)鍵詞：thewayresearch;globalization同義替換：thewayresearchisdone=…iscarriedoutreshape=change49.Thewayresearchiscarriedoutinuniversitieshaschangedasaresultofglobalization.各段落首句A)Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.關(guān)鍵定位詞：globalintegration同義替換：apowerfulforceforglobalintegration54.Present-dayuniversitieshavebecomeapowerfulforceforglobalintegration.各段落尾句G)Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.定位關(guān)鍵詞：funding;unsteady同義替換：supportforresearch=fun