網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)集成第四章

第五章配置RIP和IGRP協(xié)議自治系統(tǒng)100自治系統(tǒng)200IGPs:RIP,IGRPEGPs:BGP自治系統(tǒng)：內(nèi)部和外部的

路由協(xié)議自治系統(tǒng)：使用相同的路由準則的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的集合IGP在一個自治系統(tǒng)內(nèi)運行。EGP連接不同的自治系統(tǒng)。路由的不可信度IGRP

AdministrativeDistance=100RouterDRouterBRouterARouterCRIP

AdministrativeDistance=120EIneedtosendapackettoNetworkE.BothrouterBandCwillgetitthere.

Whichrouteisbest?路由協(xié)議的分類距離矢量混合路由鏈路狀態(tài)CBADCDBA距離矢量的路由協(xié)議定期將路由表復(fù)制給相鄰的路由器并且進行矢量堆加CDBACBADRoutingTableRoutingTableRoutingTableRoutingTableDistance—Howfar

Vector—Inwhichdirection路由器從收集到的源信息中選擇到達目標地址的最佳路徑ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.2.0.010.3.0.0

00S0S1RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E00RoutingTable10.1.0.010.2.0.0

E0S0

00距離矢量—源信息的獲得路由器從收集到的源信息中選擇到達目標地址的最佳路徑ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.0RoutingTable10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.010.1.0.00011S0S1S1S0RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0

1E0S0S0100距離矢量—源信息的獲得距離矢量—源信息的獲得路由器從收集到的源信息中選擇到達目標地址的最佳路徑ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0RoutingTable10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.010.1.0.00011S0S1S1S0RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E0010.2.0.0S010.1.0.0S012E0S0S0S01200

距離矢量—選擇最佳路徑用于確定最佳路由路徑的參數(shù)信息56T156T1Ticks,hopcountBAHopcountIPXRIPIGRPBandwidthDelayLoadReliabilityMTU距離矢量—管理路由信息路由表的更新過程將通過路由器之間一步一步來完成A更新路由表網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變將導(dǎo)致路由表的更新距離矢量—管理路由信息路由表的更新過程將通過路由器之間一步一步來完成A更新路由表在下一個周期后路由器A發(fā)送更新過的路由表網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變將導(dǎo)致路由表的更新距離矢量—管理路由信息路由表的更新過程將通過路由器之間一步一步來完成AB更新路由表更新路由表網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變將導(dǎo)致路由表的更新在下一個周期后路由器A發(fā)送更新過的路由表路由回環(huán)每一個節(jié)點管理著與之相連的所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0E0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.000RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1S01110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路由回環(huán)緩慢的收斂容易造成路由信息的不一致ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0E0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.00DownRoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1S01110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路由器C推斷到達10.4.0.0網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最好路徑是通過路由器B路由回環(huán)ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.002RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1S11110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路由器A根據(jù)錯誤的信息升級它的路由表路由回環(huán)ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTableS0S0S0S01210.3.0.010.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.002RoutingTableE0S0S0S01410.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTableS0S1S1S03110.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000無限計數(shù)10.4.0.0網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)將在路由器A,B,和C之間循環(huán)10.4.0.0網(wǎng)絡(luò)的跳數(shù)將無限大ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.004RoutingTableE0S0S0S01610.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTableS0S1S1S05110.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000解決方法：定義最大跳數(shù)指定最大跳數(shù)來防止路由回環(huán)ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.0016RoutingTableE0S0S0S011610.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTableS0S1S1S016110.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000解決方法：水平分割不會接收到由自身傳達出去的路由信息ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XXXRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.000RoutingTableE0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTableS0S1S1E11210.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000解決方法：路由毒殺路由器將該路由信息的跳數(shù)標記為無限大ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.00InfinityRoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1E11210.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000解決方法：反轉(zhuǎn)毒殺反轉(zhuǎn)毒殺可以超越水平分割A(yù)BC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.00InfinityRoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1E1Possibly

Down210.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000Poison

Reverse解決方法：Hold-Down計時路由器在Hold-Down時間內(nèi)將該條記錄標記為possiblydown以使其它路由器能夠重新計算網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化Network10.4.0.0isdownthenbackupthenbackdownUpdateafterhold-downTimeNetwork10.4.0.0isunreachableABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XUpdateafterhold-downTime解決方法：觸發(fā)更新當路由表發(fā)生變化時路由器立即發(fā)送更新信息ABC10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XNetwork10.4.0.0isunreachableNetwork10.4.0.0isunreachableNetwork10.4.0.0isunreachable10.1.0.0一個完整的方案DBEAXC10.4.0.0一個完整的方案DBEACX10.4.0.0HolddownHolddownHolddown一個完整的方案DBEACX10.4.0.0HolddownHolddownHolddownPoisonReversePoisonReversePoisonReversePoisonReverse一個完整的方案DBEACX10.4.0.0HolddownHolddownHolddownPacketforNetwork10.4.0.0PacketforNetwork10.4.0.0一個完整的方案DBEACLinkup!10.4.0.0一個完整的方案DBEACLinkup!10.4.0.0鏈路狀態(tài)協(xié)議傳遞最佳的路徑信息給其它的路由器LSP數(shù)據(jù)包SPF運算拓補結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)最佳路由信息路由表CADB距離矢量和環(huán)狀路由的綜合應(yīng)用混合路由選擇基于距離矢量的路徑Convergerapidlyusing通過傳遞變化的更新信息達到快速收斂平衡的路由路由器配置選擇路由協(xié)議指定網(wǎng)絡(luò)或端口Network160.89.0.0Network172.30.0.0IGRP,RIPNetwork172.16.0.0RIPRIPIGRPIP路由的配置任務(wù)指定IP路由協(xié)議Router(config)#routerprotocol[keyword]

指定與路由器直接相連的網(wǎng)絡(luò)Router(config-router)#networknetwork-number動態(tài)路由配置19.2kbpsT1T1T1Hop計算路由器每隔30秒更新最多支持相同hop數(shù)的6條路徑RIP概述激活RIP協(xié)議Router(config)#routerripRouter(config-router)#networknetwork-number選擇所能到達的網(wǎng)絡(luò)必須是有效的網(wǎng)絡(luò)RIP配置2.3.0.0routerripnetwork172.16.0.0network10.0.0.0RIP配置舉例routerripnetwork10.0.0.02.3.0.0routerripnetwork192.168.1.0network10.0.0.0172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0查看RIP信息RouterA#shipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"rip"Sendingupdatesevery30seconds,nextduein0secondsInvalidafter180seconds,holddown180,flushedafter240OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisRedistributing:ripDefaultversioncontrol:sendversion1,receiveanyversionInterfaceSendRecvKey-chainEthernet0112Serial2112RoutingforNetworks:10.0.0.0172.16.0.0RoutingInformationSources:GatewayDistanceLastUpdate10.1.1.212000:00:10Distance:(defaultis120)172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0查看路由表RouterA#shiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRT-trafficengineeredrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotset172.16.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsC172.16.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Ethernet010.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsR10.2.2.0[120/1]via10.1.1.2,00:00:07,Serial2C10.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial2R192.168.1.0/24[120/2]via10.1.1.2,00:00:07,Serial2172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0debugiprip

命令RouterA#debugipripRIPprotocoldebuggingisonRouterA#00:06:24:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom10.1.1.2onSerial200:06:24:10.2.2.0in1hops00:06:24:192.168.1.0in2hops00:06:33:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaEthernet0(172.16.1.1)00:06:34:network10.0.0.0,metric100:06:34:network192.168.1.0,metric300:06:34:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.1)00:06:34:network172.16.0.0,metric1172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0使用IGRP的網(wǎng)絡(luò)較大缺省100hops，最大255hops支持多路徑IGRP介紹IGRP帶寬延遲時間可靠性負載最大傳輸單元19.2kbps19.2kbpsIGRP路徑選擇SourceDestination最多六條路徑下一次所要到達的路由器必須接近目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)在允許的參數(shù)內(nèi)選擇路徑NewRouteInitial

RouteSourceDestinationIGRP的不平衡路徑配置IGRPRouter(config-router)#networknetwork-number指定可以到達的網(wǎng)絡(luò)Router(config)#routerigrpautonomous-system指定IGRP為IP路由協(xié)議配置IGRP(續(xù))Router(config-router)#traffic-share

{balanced|min}控制負載平衡數(shù)據(jù)的分布Router(config-router)#variancemultiplier控制IGRP的負載平衡routerigrp100network172.16.0.0network10.0.0.0IGRP配置舉例routerigrp100network10.0.0.0routerigrp100network192.168.1.0network10.0.0.0AutonomousSystem=100172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0查看IGRP信息RouterA#shipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"igrp100"Sendingupdatesevery90seconds,nextduein21secondsInvalidafter270seconds,holddown280,flushedafter630OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisDefaultnetworksflaggedinoutgoingupdatesDefaultnetworksacceptedfromincomingupdatesIGRPmetricweightK1=1,K2=0,K3=1,K4=0,K5=0IGRPmaximumhopcount100IGRPmaximummetricvariance1Redistributing:igrp100RoutingforNetworks:10.0.0.0172.16.0.0RoutingInformationSources:GatewayDistanceLastUpdate10.1.1.210000:01:01Distance:(defaultis100)172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0查看IP路由表RouterA#shiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRT-trafficengineeredrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotset172.16.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsC172.16.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Ethernet010.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsI10.2.2.0[100/90956]via10.1.1.2,00:00:23,Serial2C10.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial2I192.168.1.0/24[100/91056]via10.1.1.2,00:00:23,Serial2172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0debugipigrptransaction

命令RouterA#debugipigrptransactionsIGRPprotocoldebuggingisonRouterA#00:21:06:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaEthernet0(172.16.1.1)00:21:06:network10.0.0.0,metric=8895600:21:06:network192.168.1.0,metric=9105600:21:07:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.1)00:21:07:network172.16.0.0,metric=110000:21:16:IGRP:receivedupdatefrom10.1.1.2onSerial200:21:16:subnet10.2.2.0,metric90956(neighbor88956)00:21:16:network192.168.1.0,metric91056(neighbor89056)172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0debugipigrpevents

命令RouterA#debugipigrpeventsIGRPeventdebuggingisonRouterA#00:23:44:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaEthernet0(172.16.1.1)00:23:44:IGRP:Updatecontains0interior,2system,and0exteriorroutes.00:23:44:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:200:23:44:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.1)00:23:45:IGRP:Updatecontains0interior,1system,and0exteriorroutes.00:23:45:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:100:23:48:IGRP:receivedupdatefrom10.1.1.2onSerial200:23:48:IGRP:Updatecontains1interior,1system,and0exteriorroutes.00:23:48:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:2172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0路由信息更新舉例RouterA#debugipigrptrans00:31:15:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceEthernet0,changedstatetodown00:31:15:IGRP:editionisnow300:31:15:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.1)00:31:15:network172.16.0.0,metric=429496729500:31:16:IGRP:Updatecontains0interior,1system,and0exteriorroutes.00:31:16:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:100:31:16:IGRP:broadcastingrequestonSerial200:31:16:IGRP:receivedupdatefrom10.1.1.2onSerial200:31:16:subnet10.2.2.0,metric90956(neighbor88956)00:31:16:network172.16.0.0,metric4294967295(inaccessible)00:31:16:network192.168.1.0,metric91056(neighbor89056)00:31:16:IGRP:Updatecontains1interior,2system,and0exteriorroutes.00:31:16:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:3172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0X路由信息更新舉例RouterB#debugipigrptransIGRPprotocoldebuggingisonRouterB#1d19h:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.2)1d19h:subnet10.2.2.0,metric=889561d19h:network192.168.1.0,metric=890561d19h:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial3(10.2.2.2)1d19h:subnet10.1.1.0,metric=889561d19h:network172.16.0.0,metric=890561d19h:IGRP:receivedupdatefrom10.1.1.1onSerial21d19h:network172.16.0.0,metric4294967295(inaccessible)1d19h:IGRP:editionisnow101d19h:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.2)1d19h:subnet10.2.2.0,metric=889561d19h:network172.16.0.0,metric=42949672951d19h:network192.168.1.0,metric=890561d19h:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial3(10.2.2.2)1d19h:subnet10.1.1.0,metric=889561d19h:network172.16.0.0,metric=4294967295172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0路由信息更新舉例RouterB#shiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRT-trafficengineeredrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotsetI172.16.0.0/16ispossiblydown,routingvia10.1.1.1,Serial210.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsC10.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial2C10.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial3I192.168.1.0/24[100/89056]via10.2.2.3,00:00:14,Serial3RouterB#ping172.16.1.1Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto172.16.1.1,timeoutis2seconds:.....Successrateis0percent(0/5)RouterB#172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168