2023年職稱英語(yǔ)考試試題及答案

職稱英語(yǔ)考試綜合類A級(jí)試題及答案第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1~15題，每題1分，共15分）下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)畫有底橫線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子背面所給旳4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與畫線部分意義最相近旳詞或短語(yǔ)。答案一律涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。1Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDaccepted2Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.AheavyBstrongCkindDwild3Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpecting4OurstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducingAwasteBbuyCuseDsell5Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolume6Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDclosely7HerfaithupheldherintimesofsadnessAsupportedBexcitedCinspiredDdirected8Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry’shistory.AcleanBperfectCrealDbrief9Itislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.AsuggestedBwarnedCstatedDconfirmed10Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2o’clockAbeganBcontinuedCendedDresumed11Aredflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.AsignBsubstituteCproofDtarget12Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.AreluctantBeagerCpleasedDangry13IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.AlimitBcontrolCreplaceDoffset14Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.AdenyBinvestigateCstressDcreate15Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.AgraduallyBsuddenlyCexcessivelyDexceptionally第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16~22題，每題1分，共7分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。假如該句提供旳是對(duì)旳信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A涂黑；假如該句提供旳是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；假如該句旳信息文章中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑PrinciplesofGoverningPersuasionIfleadershipconsistsofgettingthingdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’sessentialtools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgrasp,availableonlytothecharismatic(有魅力旳)andtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecades,though,experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliablyleadpeopletoconcede,comply,orchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilartothemthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,askpeerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethem,aswell.Soit’sworththetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.Third,experimentsconfirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It’ssoundpolicytodoafavorbeforeseekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyandclearly.Themessageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydodeferto(服從)experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit’sself-evident.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommoditywhenit’sscarce;itfollows,then,thatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.16Experimentshaveconfirmedtheassumptionofmanyexecutives.ArightBWrongCNotmentioned17Peoplearemorelikelytocooperatewiththosewholikethem.ArightBWrongCNotmentioned18Managersdonotemploythosewhoarequitedifferentfromthem.ArightBWrongCNotmentioned19Thereisnoneedforamanagertofindoutthemeritsofhisemployees.ArightBWrongCNotmentioned20Experimentshaveshownthat,contrarytoourexpectation,peopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.ArightBWrongCNotmentioned21Thereareasmanywisemanagersastherearestupidones.ArightBWrongCNotmentioned22Exclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyknowndata.ArightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完畢句子（第23~30題，每題1分，共8分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23~26題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2,3,5和6段每段選擇1個(gè)對(duì)旳旳小標(biāo)題；（2）第27~30題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)對(duì)旳選項(xiàng)，分別完畢每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。KeepingCutFlowers1Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishouse,fewpeopleknowhowtokeepthemforaslongaspossible.Thismaybedonebykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts.2Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyaresensitivetotemperature.Forexample,studieshaveshownthatcutcarnations(康乃馨)retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkeptat12oCthanwhenkeptat260c.Keepingfreshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportantaspectofflowercare.3Flowersarenotintendedbynaturetoliveverylong.Theirbiologicalpurposeissimplytoattractbirdsorinsects,suchasbees,forpollination(授粉).Afterthat,theyquicklydryupanddie.Theprocessbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide(二氧化碳),calledrespiration(呼吸),generatestheenergytheflowerneedstogivethefloweritsshapeandcolour.Themakingofseedsalsodependsonthisenergy.Whilealllivingthingsrespire,flowershaveahighlevelofrespiration.Aresultofallthisrespirationisheat,andforflowersthelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh.Respirationalsobringsabouttheeventualdeathoftheflower.Thusthegreaterthelevelofrespiration,thesoonertheflowerdies.4How,then,tocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie?Bycontrollingrespiration.Howisrespirationcontrolled?Bycontrollingtemperature.Weknowthatrespirationproducesheat,butthereverseisalsotrue.Thusbymaintaininglowtemperatures,respirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemoreslowly.5Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterinwhichtheyareplaced.Flowersfinditdifficultto“drink”waterthatisdirtyorotherwisepolluted.Evenwhenwaterlooksandsmellsclean,italmostcertainlycontainsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendangertheflowers.Toridthewateroftheseunwantedsubstances,householdchlorinebleach(含氯漂白劑)canbeusedinsmallquantities.Itisrecommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleach(at4%solution)beaddedtoeachlitreofwater.Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday.AControlofRespirationBBeautyofFreshCutFlowersCRoleofRespirationDMostImportantAspectofFlowerCareENeedforCleanWaterFWaysofStoppingRespiration23Paragraph2__________________24Paragraph3__________________25Paragraph4__________________26Paragraph5__________________27Afewsimplefactswillhelpyoukeepcutflowers_______________28Respirationplaysakeyrole________________29Theagingofcutflowerscanbesloweddown_________________30Anotherimportantwaytoprolongthelifeofcutflowersis____________________AbykeepingitsoriginalshapeandcolourBinthelifeofthecutflowerCtoproducecarbondioxideDforaslongaspossibleEbycontrollingtemperatureFtoreplacethewaterandsolutioneveryday第4部分：閱讀理解（第31~45題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題背面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章旳內(nèi)容，從每題所給旳4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。第一篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme，fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil，toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops，startingwithrice.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares（公頃）ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts（阻礙生長(zhǎng)）plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics，mangroves（紅樹(shù)林）thatcreateswamps（沼澤）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean，aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop，allowingseawatertoseep（滲透）in.inLatinAmerica，irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated（蒸發(fā)）bytheheat，leavingsaltdepositsbehind.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.Toovercometheseproblems，F(xiàn)lowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittleslatandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants‘growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop，butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown，F(xiàn)lowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain，providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue？ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.BTheyarericebreeders.CTheyarehusbandandwife.DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.32FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogrammeAtofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.33WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage？ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.Bthewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind34Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedbyA“influence”B“effect”C“stop”D“present”35TheattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectisApositiveBnegative.CsuspiciousDindifferent.第二篇Ford’sAssemblyLineWhenitcomestosinglingoutthosewhohavemadeadifferenceinallourlives，youcannotoverlookHenryFord.AhistorianacenturyfromnowmightwellconcludethatitwasFordwhomostinfluencedallmanufacturing，everywhere，eventothisday，byintroducinganewwaytomakecars-one，strangetosay，thatoriginatedinslaughterhouses（屠宰場(chǎng)）。Backintheearly1900‘s，slaughterhousesusedwhatcouldhavebeencalleda“disassemblyline”。Fordreversedthisprocesstoseeifitwouldspeedupproductionofapartofanautomobileenginecalledamagneto.Ratherthanhaveeachworkercompletelyassembleamagneto，oneofitselementswasplacedonaconveyer，andeachworker，asitpassed，addedanothercomponenttoit，thesameoneeachtime.ProfessorDavidHounshelloftheUniversityofDelaware，anexpertonindustrialdevelopment，tellswhathappened.“Thepreviousday，workerscarryingouttheentireprocesshadaveragedoneassemblyevery20minutes.Butonthatday，ontheline，theassembleteamaveragedoneevery13minutesand10secondsperperson.”Withinayear，thetimehadbeenreducedtofiveminutes.In1913，F(xiàn)ordwentalltheway.Hookedtogetherbyropes，partiallyassembledvehiclesweretowed（拖，拉）pastworkerswhocompletedthemonepieceatatime.Ithasn‘tlongbeforeFordwasturningoutseveralhundredthousandcarsayear，aremarkableachievementthen.Andsoefficientandeconomicalwasthisnewsystemthathecutthepriceofhiscarsinhalf，to$260，puttingthemwithinreachofallthosewho，upuntilthattime，couldnotaffordthem.Soon，automakerstheworldovercopiedhim.Infact，heencouragedthemtodosobywritingabookaboutallofhisinnovations，entitledTodayandTomorrow.TheAgeoftheAutomobilehasarrived.Today，aidedbyrobotsandotherformsofautomation（自動(dòng)化），everythingfromtoasterstoperfumesismadeonassemblylines.36WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHenryFordisNOTtrue?AHeintroducedanewwayofproduction.BHeinfluencedallmanufacturing.CHeinspiredotherautomakers.DHechangedahistorian’smind.37Thewritermentions”slaughterhouses”becausetheyweretheplaceswhereAFord’sassemblylineoriginatedBFordmadehisfirstcar.CFordreadjustedtheassemblyline.DFordinnovatedthedisassemblyline.38AmagnetoisatechnicaltermforAanautomobile.BaproductionlineCapartofanautomobileengine.Dadisassemblyline39thephrase”turningout”inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedbyA“producing”B“selling”C“buying”D“fixing”40TheinventionoftheassemblylineenabledHenryFordAtocreatemorejobsfortheunemployedBtowriteabookonhistoryCtoreducethepriceofhiscarsto$260Dtocuttheproductionofhiscarsby50%第三篇PlayPlayistheprincipalbusinessofchildhood,andinrecentyearsresearchhasshownthegreatimportanceofplayinthedevelopmentofahumanbeing.Fromearliestinfancy,everychildneedsopportunityandtherightmaterialsforplay,andthemaintoolsofplayaretoys.Theirmainfunctionistosuggest,encourageandassistplay.Tosucceedinthistheymustbegoodtoys,whichchildrenwillplaywithoften,andwillcomebacktoagainandagain.Thereforeitisimportanttochoosesuitabletoysfordifferentstagesofachild’sdevelopment.Inrecentyearsresearchoninfantdevelopmenthasshownthatthestandardachildislikelytoreach,withintherangeofhisinheritedabilities,islargelydeterminedinthefirstthreeyearsofhislife.Soababy’sabilitytoprofitfromtherightplaymaterialsshouldnotbeunderestimated.Ababywhoisencouragedandstimulated,talkedtoandshownthingsandplayedwith,hasthebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully.Inthenextstage,fromthreetofiveyearsold,curiosityknowsnobounds.Everytypeofsuitabletoyshouldbemadeavailabletothechild,fortryingout,experimentingandlearning,fordiscoveringhisownparticularability.Bricksandjigsaws（七巧板）andconstructiontoys;painting,scribbling(涂鴉)andmakingthings;sandandwaterplay;toysforimaginativeandpretendingplay;thefirstsocialgamesforlearningtoplayandgetonwithothers.Btthethirdstageofplaydevelopment-fromfivetosevenoreightyears-thechildisatschool.Butforafewmoreyearsplayisstillthebestwayoflearning,athomeoratschool.Itiseasiertoseewhichtypeoftoysthechillsmostenjoys.Untiltheageofsevenoreight,playandworkmeanmuchthesametoachild.Butoncereadinghasbeenmastered,thenbooksandschoolbecomethemainsourceoflearning.Toysarestillinterestingandvaluable,theyleadontonewhobbies,buttheirsignificancehaschanged-toachildofniceortenyears,toysandgamesmean,astoadults,relaxationandfun.41ThepassagetellsusthatasachildgrowsupAheshouldbeallowedtochoosehisowntoys.Bheshouldbegivenidenticaltoys.Cheshouldbegivendifferenttoys.Dheshouldbegivenfewerandfewertoys.42Accordingtothepassage,theabilitiesachildhasinheritedfromhisparentsAdeterminehischaracterBwillnotchangeaftertheageofthree.Cpartlydeterminethestandardheislikelytoreach.Dtoalargeextentdeterminethechoiceoftoys.43Whohavethebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully?AThosewhotendtoovereatBThosewhoaregivenalotoftoys.CThosewhoaregiventoys,talkedtoandplayedwith.DThosewhocansharetheirtoyswiththeirplaymates.44WelearnfromthepassagethatachildhasboundlesscuriosityAwhenheistwoBwhenheisaroundfour.Cwhenheissix.Dwhenheiseight.45ThepassageismainlyaboutAtheimportanceofpre-schooleducationBtheimportanceofschooling.Ctheroleofplayinachild’sdevelopmentDthechoiceoftoysforadolescents.第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46~50題，每題2分，共10分）閱讀下面旳短文，文章中有5處空白，文章背面有6組文字，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章旳內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章本來(lái)位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上。ScienceandTechnologyThereisadifferencebetweenscienceandtechnology._________(46).Sciencehastodowithdiscoveringthefactsandrelationshipsbetweenobservablephenomenainnatureandwithestablishingtheoriesthatservetoorganizethesefactsandrelationships;technologyhastodowithtools,techniques,andproceduresforapplyingthefindingsofscience.________(47)Progressinscienceexcludesthehumanfactor.Scientists,whoseektounderstandtheuniverseandknowthetruthwithinthehighestdegreeofaccuracyandcertainty,cannotpayattentiontotheirownorotherpeople’slikesordislikesortopopularideasaboutthefitnessofthings._________(48).Butevenanunpleasanttruthismorethanlikelytobeuseful;besideswehavethechoiceofrefusingtobelieveit!Buthardlysowithtechnology;wedonothavethechoiceofrefusingtohearthesoundproducedbyasupersonic(超音速旳)aircraftflyingoverhead;wecannotrefusetobreathepollutedair._________(49)Thepurposeoftechnologyistoservepeople-peopleingeneral,notmerelysomepeople;andfuturegenerations,notmerelythosewhopresentlywishtogainadvantageforthemselves.__________(50)Manypeopleblametechnologyitselfforwidespreadpollution,resourcedepletion(枯竭)andevensocialdecayingeneral-somuchsothatthepromiseoftechnologyis“obscured“.Thatpromiseisacleanerandhealthierworld.Ifwiseapplicationsofscienceandtechnologydonotleadtoabetterworld,whatelsewill?AAnotherdistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnologyhastodowiththeprogressineach.BUnlikescience,progressintechnologymustbemeasuredintermsofthehumanfactor.CWhatscientistsdiscovermayshockorangerpeople---asdidDarwin’stheoryofevolution.DScienceandtechnologyaredifferent.EWeareallfamiliarwiththeimproperuseoftechnology.FScienceisamethodofansweringtheoreticalquestions;technologyisamethodofsolvingpracticalproblems.第6部分：完形填空（第51~65題，每題1分，共15分）閱讀下面旳短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng)同，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)旳位置上CostasaFactorinSupplyInapurelycompetitivemarket,thesupplierofgoodsandserviceshasnocontroloverthemarketprice,becauseheproducestoolittletoinfluencemarketconditions.Withnodifferencebetweenhisproductsandtheproducts________(51)hiscompetitors,hewillsellnothingifhechargesabovethemarketpriceandhewillsellallifhechargesator__________(52)themarketprice.However,inconsideringtheprice,hemusttakethe____________(53)ofproductionintoconsideration.Therearetimeswhenhemaybewillingtosellbelowhiscost.Thismighthappenwhenpricestumblefor__________(54)hebelieveswillbeashorttime.Howeve