機電專業(yè)英語第2版3Unit3MachineTools機床

MachineToolsUnit3機床MachineTools

ThemillingmachineThelatheThegrindershaperMachineToolsTranslationReadingMoreTranslatingSkillsText

Mostofthemechanicaloperationsarecommonlyperformedonfivebasicmachinetools：?Thedrillpress;?Thelathe;?Theshaperorplaner;?Themillingmachine;?Thegrinder.

DrillingDrillingisperformedwitharotatingtoolcalledadrill.Mostdrillinginmetalisdonewithatwistdrill.Themachineusedfordrillingiscalledadrillpress.Operations,suchasreamingandtapping,arealsoclassifiedasdrilling.Reamingconsistsofremovingasmallamountofmetalfromaholealreadydrilled.Tappingistheprocessofcuttingathreadinsideaholesothatacapscreworboltmaybethreadedintoit.

TurningandBoringThelatheiscommonlycalledthefatheroftheentiremachinetoolfamily.Forturningoperations,thelatheusesasingle-pointcuttingtool,whichremovesmetalasittravelspasttherevolvingworkpiece.Turningoperationsarerequiredtomakemanydifferentcylindricalshapes,suchasaxes,gearblanks,pulleys,andthreadedshafts.Boringoperationsareperformedtoenlarge,finish,andaccuratelylocateholes.

Milling

Millingremovesmetalwitharevolving,multiplecuttingedgetoolscalledmillingcutter.Millingcuttersaremadeinmanystylesandsizes.Somehaveasfewastwocuttingedgesandothershave30ormore.Millingcanproduceflatorangledsurfaces,grooves,slots,gearteeth,andotherprofiles,dependingontheshapeofthecuttersbeingused.

ShapingandPlaningShapingandplaningproduceflatsurfaceswithasingle-pointcuttingtool.Inshaping,thecuttingtoolonashaperreciprocatesormovesbackandforthwhiletheworkisfedautomaticallytowardsthetool.Inplaning,theworkpieceisattachedtoaworktablethatreciprocatespastthecuttingtool.Thecuttingtoolisautomaticallyfedintotheworkpieceasmallamountoneachstroke.

GrindingGrindingmakesuseofabrasiveparticlestodothecutting.Grindingoperationsmaybeclassifiedasprecisionornonprecision,dependingonthepurpose.Precisiongrindingisconcernedwithgrindingtoclosetolerancesandverysmoothfinish.Nonprecisiongrindinginvolvestheremovalofmetalwhereaccuracyisnotimportant.drill[dril]n.鉆床，鉆頭，訓練vi.鉆孔，訓練vt.鉆孔，訓練lathe[leie]n.車床，機床vt.用車床加工shaper['?eip?]n.牛頭刨床，造型者，整形器，造型者planer['plein?]n.龍門刨床，刨床，刨工milling['mili?]n.磨，制粉，【機械學】銑削v.碾磨，磨成粉grinder['ɡraind?]n.磨床，研磨機，砂輪(機)twist[twist]n.扭曲vt.捻，擰，扭傷vi.扭動，彎曲ream[ri:m]vt.鉸孔n.令（紙張的計數(shù)單位），大量tap[t?p]vt.輕敲,輕拍，攻絲vi.輕拍，輕擊n.水龍頭screw[skru:]vt.旋，擰n.螺旋，螺絲釘vi.轉(zhuǎn)動，擰bolt[b?ult]n.螺栓，門閂vt.上門閂vi.逃跑adv.突然地threaded[θ'redid]adj.有線狀圖案裝飾的v.穿過，穿線于cylindrical[si'lindrik?l]adj.圓柱形的，圓柱體的，圓柱的pulley['puli]n.滑輪，皮帶輪vt.用滑輪升起shaft[?ɑ:ft;??ft]n.軸，桿狀物vt.利用，在……上裝桿boring['b?:ri?]n.鉆孔，鏜削vt.鉆(孔)，鏜(孔)adj.無聊的groove[ɡru:v]n.槽vt.開槽于vi.形成溝槽slot[sl?t]狹縫，槽溝vt.在…上開狹縫vi.被放入狹孔reciprocate[ri'sipr?keit]vt.報答，互給vi.往復運動，酬答stroke[str?uk]n.沖程，打擊；嘗試vt.撫摸，劃掉vi.敲擊鍵盤abrasive[?'breisiv]adj.粗糙的；有研磨作用的n.研磨料tolerance['t?l?r?ns]n.公差，容忍，寬容twistdrill麻花鉆gearblank齒輪毛坯threadedshaft絲杠gearteeth輪齒backandforth反復地，來回地single-pointcuttingtool單刃刀具abrasiveparticle磨料顆粒1.Tappingistheprocessofcuttingathreadinsideaholesothatacapscreworboltmaybethreadedintoit.譯文：攻絲是在孔里切出螺紋的過程，以便螺釘或螺栓能旋合進去。說明：句中processof…的過程，sothatacapscreworboltmaybethreadedintoit作目的狀語。threaded[θ'redid]adj.有線狀圖案裝飾的v.穿過；穿線于（thread的過去分詞）1)relatedphrases：threadedconnection螺紋連接；threadedbush套筒螺母2）Eachleverhastwothreadedconnectorsforchaininstallation.每個桿都有兩個螺紋連接器用于鏈條安裝。3）Eachendisthreadedtoallowtheinstallationofvalves,connections,orreliefdevices.每一端都車有螺紋，以安裝閥門、接頭或減壓裝置。

2.Forturningoperations,thelatheusesasingle-pointcuttingtool,whichremovesmetalasittravelspasttherevolvingworkpiece.譯文：在車削操作中，車床用一個單刃切削刀具在旋轉(zhuǎn)的工件上進行金屬切削。說明：句中句中whichremovesmetalasittravelspasttherevolvingworkpiece.是非限制性定語從句，對asingle-pointcuttingtool作補充說明作用。turning['t?:ni?]n.轉(zhuǎn)向；旋轉(zhuǎn)；回轉(zhuǎn)；轉(zhuǎn)彎處v.旋轉(zhuǎn)（turn的ing形式）1)relatedphrases：turningmoment轉(zhuǎn)矩；turningmachine車床2）Thetopisturninglikeascrew.那頂端象螺絲一樣地旋轉(zhuǎn)著。3）Spinthependulumroundbyturningtheredknob.轉(zhuǎn)動紅色的把手使鐘擺開始轉(zhuǎn)動。3.Millingcanproduceflatorangledsurfaces,grooves,slots,gearteeth,andotherprofiles,dependingontheshapeofthecuttersbeingused.譯文：銑削根據(jù)所用的銑刀形狀可分別加工平面或斜面、槽口、縫、齒輪的齒和其他的型面。說明：句中dependingontheshapeofthecuttersbeingused作條件狀語。4.Inshaping,thecuttingtoolonashaperreciprocatesormovesbackandforthwhiletheworkisfedautomaticallytowardsthetool.譯文：在刨削的操作中，當工件自動朝刀具方向進給時，牛頭刨床上的刀具作往復或前后移動。說明：句中whiletheworkisfedautomaticallytowardsthetool作時間狀語從句。reciprocate[ri'sipr?keit]

vt.報答；互換；互給vi.往復運動；互換1）Thepistonisreciprocatinginsidecylinder.活塞在汽缸內(nèi)部往復運動。2）IhopeIcanreciprocateyourhospitalitysometime.我希望下次能回報你的熱情款待。句中：backandforth反復地，來回地1）COMlinksallofcomponentsinthesystemtogether,enablingthemtopassrequestsandinformationbackandforth.COM將系統(tǒng)中的所有組件連接在一起，允許它們來回傳送請求和信息。2）Shewalkedbackandforthonthepath.她在小路上來來回回地走著。5.Thecuttingtoolisautomaticallyfedintotheworkpieceasmallamountoneachstroke.譯文：刀具在切削的每一行程自動向工件進給一點。說明：句中feedinto送進；輸進(某人、某物)；workpiece工件；stroke[str?uk]n.沖程，打擊；嘗試vt.撫摸，劃掉vi.敲擊鍵盤1)relatedphrases：idlestroke空行程；intakestroke進氣行程;exhauststroke排氣行程;combustionstroke燃燒行程2)Hestrokedthenameofhimselfwithhispen.他用鋼筆劃掉了他自己的名字。3)Thecombinationofhighgearratioandlongstrokecandrainanentireairsystemunlesstheairsupplysystemisspeciallydesignedtoaccommodatethistypeofactuator.除非氣源供應系統(tǒng)是經(jīng)過特殊配置，以滿足這種類型執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的要求，或者高齒輪傳速比和長沖程的組合可能會耗盡整個氣源系統(tǒng)。6.Precisiongrindingisconcernedwithgrindingtoclosetolerancesandverysmoothfinish.譯文：精磨應用于接近于精密公差和光潔度很高的磨削。說明：句中beconcernedwith涉及…，關于…，與…有關1）Scholarsandresearchesshouldnotbeconcernedwithwhethertheirworkmakesacontributiontothelargersociety.我們不應該僅僅關注學者和研究者的著作能否對社會做出貢獻。closetolerances緊公差；嚴格的容限1)relatedphrases：close-toleranceforging精確（公差）鍛件；closetoleranceflamecutting高精度火焰切割2）Ourcastingprocessensurehighconsistentqualitycastingandouruniquelydesigned.High-precisionmachiningequipmentcanproducepartwithinclosetoleranceatalltime.嚴密的生產(chǎn)管理，先進的工藝設計，精密的設備，在任務時候都能保證生產(chǎn)出高質(zhì)量的零件。3）Barcodesaredifficultforprintingforitsclosetolerance.條形碼的印刷質(zhì)量要求比較高，因而它的印刷難度較大。句中：smoothfinish光潔度；光面精整；光澤裝飾1）Enhancestheproductthesmoothfinish,theenhancementperspectiverate;提高產(chǎn)品的光澤度，增強透視度；I.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.

1.Whatpartscanbeprocessedwithlathes?

Manydifferentcylindricalshapes,suchasaxes,gearblanks,pulleys,threadedshaftsandsomeholescanbeprocessedwithlathes.

Themillingmachine,theshaperorplanerandthethegrindercanprocessflatsurfaces.2.Whichmachinetoolscanprocessflatsurfaces?3.Whatisthetapping?

Tappingistheprocessofcuttingathreadinsideaholesothatacapscreworboltmaybethreadedintoit.II.WriteTforTrueorFforFalseaccordingtothetext.1.Forturningoperations,thelatheusesmultiplecuttingedgetoolstoprocess.

(F)2.Themillingmachineiscommonlycalledthefatheroftheentiremachinetoolfamily.

(F)3.Inshaping,theworkpieceisattachedtoaworktablethatreciprocatespastthecuttingtool.

(F)4.Grindingmakesuseofthemetalmaterialtoolstodothecutting.

(F)1.twistdrillⅢ．PutthefollowingphrasesorsentencesintoChinese.麻花鉆

2.cuttingedge

切削刃

3.smoothfinish

光潔度

4.abrasiveparticle磨粒

5.single-pointcuttingtool單刃刀具

6.Millingoperationsareemployedinproducingflatorangledsurfaces,grooves,slots,gearteeth,andotherprofiles,dependingontheshapeofthecuttersbeingused.根據(jù)所用的銑刀形狀,銑削可分別加工平面、槽口、縫、輪齒及其他的型面。

7.Turningoperationsarerequiredtomakemanydifferentcylindricalshapes,suchasaxes,gearblanks,pulleys,andthreadedshafts.車削用來切削不同的圓柱形，如軸、齒輪毛坯、滑輪、絲桿等。

英漢兩種語言在表達上有很大差別。翻譯時，有些詞或詞組不能直接搬用詞典中的釋義，若生搬硬套，會使譯文生硬晦澀，難以看懂，甚至造成誤解。所以，要在弄清原文內(nèi)涵的基礎上，根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系和漢語的搭配習慣，對詞義加以引申。若遇到有關專業(yè)方面的內(nèi)容，必須選用專業(yè)方面的術語。引申后的詞義能更確切地表達原文意義。引申譯法

1.However,colorscangivemoreforcetotheformoftheproduct.欠佳譯法：然而，色彩能給予產(chǎn)品更多的力量。引申譯法：然而，色彩能使產(chǎn)品外形增添美感。2.Powerplugsaremaleelectricalconnectorsthatfitintofemaleelectricalsockets.

欠佳譯法：電源插頭是雄性連接器適配雌性連接器。引申譯法：電源插頭可以插入電源插座。3Thereisawideareaofperformanceduplicationbetweennumericalcontrolandautomatics.引申譯法：數(shù)控和自動化機床有很多相同的性能。4.High-speedgrindingdoesnotknowthisdisadvantage.引申譯法:高速磨床不存在這個缺點。5.Thechargecurrentdependsuponthetechnologyandcapacityofthebatterybeingcharged.引申譯法：充電電流的大小根據(jù)充電技術和電池容量的不同而不同。JigBorer臥式坐標鏜床龍門坐標鏜床JigBorer

Thejigborerresemblesboththedrillpressandtheverticalmillingmachine.Theheadofthisunitissimilartoadrillpress,andthetableisverymuchlikethatofaverticalmillingmachine.Thejigborerisusedinthemanufactureofjigs,fixtures,anddieswhichrequireextremelyaccuratedimensions.Sincetheworkcanbeclampedsecurelytothetablethatmovesbackandforthandinandoutandsincethedrillingheadismadewithgreatprecision,holesmaybelocatedanddrilledmoreaccuratelyonthismachinethanonanyothermachinetool.坐標鏜床坐標鏜床既類似于鉆床又類似于立式銑床。其主軸箱類似于鉆床，而工作臺則與立式銑床極為相似。坐標鏜床用來加工尺寸要求非常精確的鉆模、夾具和沖模。由于工件能可靠地固定在作縱向、橫向運動的工作臺上，又由于主軸箱的制造精度很高，所以在這種機床上，孔的定位和鉆削要比其它任何機床更精確。

Thecoordinatemeasuringsystemofajigborerisdesignedtoprovidelongitudinalandtransversetablemovements.Oneofthesimplestsystemsisbasedontwoleadscrews.Anothersystem,whichisusedonmanyjigbores,isbasedonprecisionendmeasuringrods.Somejigborersareprovidedwithelectricaloropticalsystems.

坐標鏜床的坐標測量系統(tǒng)用來確定工作臺的縱向和橫向運動量。最簡單的系統(tǒng)之一是以兩根絲桿為基礎的。另外一個為許多坐標鏜床所采用的系統(tǒng)是以精密量棒為基礎的。有些坐標鏜床裝有電氣或光學測量系統(tǒng)。jig[d?iɡ]n.夾具，鉆模vi.用夾具或鉆模等加工borer['b?:r?]n.[機]鏜床，鏜孔刀具，鉆頭vertical['v?:tik?l]adj.垂直的，直立的，豎式的n.垂直線dimension[di'men??n,dai-]n.尺寸；維（數(shù)）；線度；[復]面積；容器clamp[kl?mp]n.夾鉗，夾子vt.(用夾鉗)夾住，夾緊longitudinal[,l?nd?i'tju:din?l]adj.長度的，縱向的，經(jīng)線的transverse[tr?nz'v?:s]

adj.橫向的，橫斷的n.橫斷面optical['?ptik?l]adj.光學的，視覺的，有助視力的；coordinate[k?u'?:dinit,k?u'?:dineit]n.坐標adj.并列的，坐標的verticalmillingmachine立式銑床1.Whyisitsaidthatthejigborerresemblesboththedrillpressandtheverticalmillingmachine?2.Whytheholesmaybelocatedanddrilledmoreaccuratelyonthejigborerthanonanyothermachinetool?3.Whichcoordinatemeasuringsystemisusedonmanyjigbores?I．Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothereading．

Becausetheheadofthejigborerissimilartoadrillpress,andthetableisverymuchlikethatofaverticalmillingmachine.Sincetheworkcanbeclampedsecurelytothetablethatmovesbackandforthandinandoutandsin