托福2023-4-17巧解新托福詞匯類問題(一)

巧解新托福詞匯類問題(一)朗閣托?？荚囇芯恐行脑~匯類問題（VocabularyQuestions）是新托福閱讀考試每次必考題型，它要求考生確定文章中個別單詞或短語的具體意思（一個單詞可能有多個意思，但在給定選項中只有一個選項與該單詞在閱讀文章中的意思相符），也就是說單詞的意思必須符合原文的意思。并且通常情況下，被考到的單詞或短語對于理解文章的一個大的或重要的部分起到至關(guān)重要的作用。如何識別此類問題詞匯類問題很容易辨認(rèn)，在文章中被考到的單詞或短語會被用陰影標(biāo)識出來，問題的提問形式通常為：☆I(lǐng)nthecaseofaword,thequestionmightbe:ThewordXinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto☆I(lǐng)nthecaseofaphrase,thequestionmightbe:InstatingX,theauthormeansthatThephraseXinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto其中，以第一種形式，也就是考察考生某單詞在文章上下文中意思的問題類型最為常見。如何答題在文章中定位到陰影標(biāo)識的單詞或短語。仔細(xì)閱讀該詞或短語所在句子。在句子中尋找可以幫助理解陰影標(biāo)識的單詞或短語的具體意思的線索。選擇答案，并將所選擇的單詞或短語放入原文進(jìn)行檢驗，以確認(rèn)這個句子在全文中仍是有意義的。朗閣托福考試研究中心提醒考生注意，選擇答案時，不要僅僅因為某個選項符合該單詞的某一個正確意思就將其作為正確選項；題目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一個詞義。如何利用各種線索☆結(jié)構(gòu)線索（即指明句子中各成分之間關(guān)系的特定單詞、短語和語法結(jié)構(gòu)）對比Example:OGPracticeSet5,question6Passage5:Inthisnewlyemergingeconomicorder,workerssometimesorganizedtoprotecttheirrightsandtraditionalwaysoflife.Craftworkerssuchascarpentersandtailorsformedunionsandin1834individualunionscametogetherintheNationalTrades’Union.ThelabormovementgatheredsomemomentuminthedecadebeforethePanicof1837,butinthedepressionthatfollowed,labor’sstrengthcollapsed…Thephrasegatheredsomemomentuminthepassageisclosestinmeaningto○madeprogress○becameactive○causedchanges○combinedforces解析：單詞readily所在的文章句子中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,根據(jù)文章中but后面的內(nèi)容我們可以得出短語gatheredsomemomentum在此句中的意思為madeprogress。例子Example:OGPracticeSet4,question10Passage8:Onecognitivetheorysuggeststhataggravatingandpainfuleventstriggerunpleasantfeelings.Thesefeelingsinturn,canleadtoaggressiveaction,butnotautomatically.Cognitivefactorsintervene.Peopledecidewhethertheywillactaggressivelyornotonotherpeople’smotives.Supportingevidencecomesfromresearchshowingthataggressivepeopleoftendistortotherpeople’smotives.Forexample,theyassumethatotherpeoplemeanthemharmwhentheydonot.Theworddistortinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto○mistrust○misinterpret○criticize○resent解析：distort所在的文章句子后出現(xiàn)“forexample”,根據(jù)forexample中的內(nèi)容，我們可以得出distort在此句中的意思為misinterpret。并列信息Example:OGPracticeSet5,question3Passage3:…Absenteeismandlatenesshurtproductivityandsinceworkwasspecialized,disruptedtheregularfactoryroutine.Industrializationnotonlyproducedafundamentalchangeinthewayworkwasorganized;ittransformedtheverynatureofwork.Theworddisruptedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto○prolonged○established○followed○upset解析：disrupt在的文章句子中出現(xiàn)and連接的并列信息hurt,根據(jù)這一并列信息，我們可以得出disrupt在此句中的意思為upset。因果關(guān)系Example:OGPracticeSet6,question1Passage1:…Feeding,courtship,preproduction,andeven“rest”arecarriedoutwhileinconstantmotion.Asaresult,practicallyeveryaspectofthebodyformandfunctionoftheseswimming“machines”isadaptedtoenhancetheirabilitytoswim.Thewordenhanceinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto○use○improve○counteract○balance解析：enhance在的文章句子中出現(xiàn)表示因果關(guān)系的短語asaresult,根據(jù)前一句中的原因，我們可以得出enhance在此句中的意思為improve。連詞orExample:OGTheEXPRESSIONOFEMOTIONSquestion1Passage1:Joyandsadnessareexperiencedbypeopleinallculturesaroundtheworld,buthowcanwetellwhenotherpeoplearehappyordespondent?Itturnsoutthattheexpressionofmanyemotionsmayeuniversal…Theworddespondentinthepassageisclose