新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)1unit5words

Unit5TheBattleAgainstAIDSacquire

v.1.獲得；取得HowdidTomacquirehiswealth?2.學(xué)到，習(xí)得，培養(yǎng)（技能，習(xí)慣，品質(zhì)）

Ihaveacquiredatasteforwhisky.acquireknowledgeof求得...的知識(shí)e.g.SheacquiredaknowledgeoftheEnglishbycarefulstudy.acquirementn.取得,獲得;學(xué)得;[pl.]學(xué)識(shí),技藝acquire/obtain/gainacquire強(qiáng)調(diào)通過不斷地學(xué)、問等慢慢地獲取學(xué)問、技術(shù)等較抽象的事物。

Annamustworkhardtoacquireagoodknowledgeofmechanics.obtain較正式用詞，主要指通過相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或很大的努力獲得期望已久的東西。Theyimmediatelysetouttoobtainthelatestnews.gain指通過努力與付出而得到，但需付出比obtain更大的努力，含有通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)獲得某些有價(jià)值的東西的成分。Shegainedfullmarksintheexamination.immune

a.（常against,from,to與連用）免疫的；e.g.Themedicinewillmakeyouimmunetothedisease.這種藥可以使你免于感染這種疾病。beimmunefrompunishment免除處罰Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbeimmunefrompunishmentifhehelpedthepolice.immunebody(=antibody)疫苗注射后產(chǎn)生的免疫體beimmunefrom/against/to不受影響的，免除的，安全的deficiency

n.缺乏,不足e.g.deficienciesinthisplan這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的缺陷anutritionaldeficiency.營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺乏Thelittlegirlhasaslightcalciumdeficiency.Thedeficiencyoftheplanisveryclearanditcan’tbesuccessful.deficient缺乏的；不足的a.有缺陷的人[東西]e.g.deficientincourage缺乏勇氣的amentaldeficient智力缺陷者sufficiencyn.充足，充分syndromee.g.Thesyndromeislikelytostrikethosewhoseimmuneabilityisdamaged.

那些免疫系統(tǒng)受到破壞的人身上可能出現(xiàn)這些癥狀。symptom癥兆，癥候Feverisasymptomofmanyillnesses.發(fā)燒是許多疾病的癥兆。SymptomsofSARSincludehighfiver,headache,sweating,restlessness,thirst,andpossiblycoma,andconvulsion.diagnose

v.判斷,根據(jù)科學(xué)資料分類或決定e.g.Thedoctordiagnosedtheillnessasinfluenza.醫(yī)生診斷此病為流行感冒。e.g.Theteacherdiagnosedtheboy'sreadingdifficulties.老師找出那孩子閱讀上困難的原因。diagnosablea.可診斷的diagnosisn.診斷infectbeinfectedwith(thenameofadisease)e.g.ThebloodtestshowsthatthemanwasinfectedwiththeHIVvirus.血檢表明這個(gè)人染上了艾滋病病毒。Mary'shighspiritsinfectedallthegirlsintheclass.瑪麗振奮的精神感染了班上所有的女孩子.infection感染；傳染；污染,傳染病aerialinfection空氣傳染/contactinfection接觸傳染/crossinfection交叉感染[傳染]/insectinfection昆蟲傳染/virusinfection病毒感染infectiousa.有傳染性的,易傳染的,有感染力的constitute

v1.makeup;form制定(法律),建立(政府),組成,任命e.g.constituteadirectthreattosb.對(duì)某人構(gòu)成直接威脅constitutenewtrafficregulations制定新交通規(guī)則7daysconstituteaweek.2.beapartofawhole為……的成分

Loneparentsconstituteagreatproportionofthepoor.constitute3.beorbeequivalentto(sth)相當(dāng)于

Hisfailuretoactconstitutedabreachofduty.他不能演出，這相當(dāng)于失職。constitutionn.憲法,構(gòu)造,體質(zhì)haveagood/poorconstitution體質(zhì)好［差］segment

n.段,節(jié),片斷,部分v.分割e.g.asegmentofatelevisionprogram.adishoforangesegmentsBlackpeopleconstitutethepoorestsegmentofsocietyinthecountry.黑人是這個(gè)國(guó)家最窮的社會(huì)群體。同義：sectionalarm

n.驚慌；警報(bào)e.g.raise/givethealarm發(fā)出警報(bào)soundthealarm鳴警報(bào)。hear/receivethealarm.Vt.使驚慌，使擔(dān)心inalarm慌忙e.g.Hearingascream,shesatupinalarm.聽到尖叫聲，她慌忙坐起來。Thenewsthatwarmightbreakoutalarmedthepeople.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)可能爆發(fā)的消息使人們驚恐不安。bealarmedat...被...嚇一跳bealarmedfor...放心不下,擔(dān)心(...的安全)federal

Federalagent[美]聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局人員FederalBureauofInvestigation[美]聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局(略作FBI)thefederalgovernment聯(lián)邦政府thestategovernment州政府federationn.同盟;聯(lián)盟;聯(lián)邦政府,聯(lián)合總會(huì)afederationofstudents學(xué)生聯(lián)合會(huì)afederationoflaborunions總工會(huì)implement

e.g.implementacontract履行合同Thegovernmentisimplementingitsprogramofhelpingthepoor.政府在實(shí)施扶貧政策。implement,instrument,tool,appliance都含“工具”的意思。implement指“在工作中任何有用或必需的器械”,尤指“較簡(jiǎn)單的農(nóng)田或園藝工具”,如:newtypesoffarmimplements新式農(nóng)具。instrument指“用于精細(xì)工作或科學(xué)技術(shù)的工具”,如:surgicalinstruments外科器械。tool多指“手工操作的簡(jiǎn)單工具”,如:toolsforcarpenters木工工具。appliance指“工具”、“器具”、“器械”、“電氣用具”,如:anapplianceforopeningtincans開馬口鐵罐頭的器具。emerge

Themoonemergedfrombehindtheclouds.月亮從云后出現(xiàn)。同義：appearv.出現(xiàn)，公開露面

comeout出來反義：submergen&v浸沒,淹沒,潛水combat

n.戰(zhàn)斗,格斗singlecombat一對(duì)一的打斗v.斗爭(zhēng)conflict,和…作戰(zhàn)oppose,搏斗,抗擊Tbatdiseases與疾病作斗爭(zhēng)combatliberalism反對(duì)自由主義同義：battlev.作戰(zhàn)，戰(zhàn)斗contestv.爭(zhēng)斗，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)fightv.打架resourceexploitnaturalresources開發(fā)自然資源materialresources物力resourceoflabourforce勞動(dòng)力資源resourceofproduction生產(chǎn)資源amanofresource足智多謀的人;機(jī)智的人amanofnoresources無資力的人;毫無辦法的人;閑極無聊的人attheendofone'sresources山窮水盡,無計(jì)可施,智窮才盡Heislostwithoutresource.他徹底完蛋[失敗]了。publication

n.1.出版物thelistofnewpublications新書目錄2.公布，發(fā)表，出版Thenewspaperhasceasedpublication.報(bào)紙已停刊

publishv.出版，發(fā)行；publica.公眾的公用的，n.公共場(chǎng)所，公眾literacy

n.有文化，有教養(yǎng)，有讀寫能力illiteracy文盲

aliteracycampaign掃盲運(yùn)動(dòng)aliteracyclass掃盲班l(xiāng)iteraturen.文學(xué)(作品),文藝literarya.文學(xué)的literaryworks文學(xué)作品literala.字母的字面上的,沒有夸張的,求實(shí)的

solve

e.g.solveaproblem[puzzle]解決問題[疑惑]solveacrime解釋犯罪行為solution解答,解決辦法,解決方案resolven.決心,決定v.決心=decideresolvedongoingsth議決resolveto議決投票表決,resolveinto解決,使分解,溶解,解決,轉(zhuǎn)變r(jià)esolveAintoB=turnAintoBillustrate

(be)illustratedwith[by]以...說明之Letmegiveanotherexampletoillustratethisusageoftheword.Theguideisillustratedwithfull-colorphotographs.2.serveasanexampleof為…例證，證明…TheWorldCupillustratedwhathighstandardsourplayersmustachieve.illustratorn.說明者，插圖畫家，illustrativea.說明性的，例證性的establishv.1.建立，創(chuàng)辦Ourschoolwasestablishedin1956.2.開始（接觸，交流）Thetwocompaniesestablisheddiplomaticrelationsin1992.3.使（某人）得到承認(rèn)，使被接受Hehadestablishedhimselfasafilmstar.establishmentn.建立，設(shè)立establisheda.已制定的，確定的同義：setup，found反義demolish，destroyrisk

n.冒險(xiǎn),風(fēng)險(xiǎn),危險(xiǎn)人物

Allthepeoplewhoknowthissecretrepresentasecurityrisk.She’asecurityrisk.atrisk有危險(xiǎn)indangerofrun/takerisksinsth/doingsth冒險(xiǎn)v冒...的危險(xiǎn)e.g.Heriskedhislifewhenhesavedthechildfromthefire.Don'triskit.Itisn'tworthit.define

definesb.'sduties規(guī)定某人的任務(wù)defineone'sposition表明立場(chǎng)Themountainwasclearlydefinedagainstthelightoftheeasternsky.東方天空的光芒使那座山清晰地顯露出來。definitea,有明確界限的；明確的definitionn.定義,解說,精確度,清晰度

redefinev.重新定義,重新考慮plague（與of連用）數(shù)量大得無法控制的有害物aplagueofrats泛濫成災(zāi)的老鼠e.g.Airpollutionisregardedasaplagueofthenation.vt.折磨,使苦惱,Fearsaboutthewarhasplaguednearlyhalfofthepopulationinthecountry.e.g.Plaguewasthenprevailinginthatcity.當(dāng)時(shí)瘟疫正在該城流行。plaguewith用...來煩擾人,用...來折磨人Hewasplaguingherwithquestions.

crisis

(pl)-ses轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，決定性時(shí)刻,危機(jī)；難關(guān)atacrisis/crossroad在緊急關(guān)頭bring/cometoacrisis使陷入危機(jī)faceacrisis面臨危局passacrisis渡過危機(jī)aneconomiccrisiscuren.Thereisnocureforthef