History And Anthology of American Literature 美國(guó)文學(xué)史及選讀

HistoryAndAnthologyofAmericanLiterature美國(guó)文學(xué)史及選讀ColonialPeriod(1607-1775)ChapterOneLectureOneTheColonialPeriodHistoricalIntroduction

ThemajorwritersTheColonialPeriodⅠ.HistoricalIntroductionQuestionstobediscussed:WhendidAmericacomeintobeing?Whowerethefirstsettlers?WhydidEnglishimmigrantsmovetothenewland?Twoterms:puritansVSPuritanism?WhatistheinfluenceofAmericanPuritanism?

WhendidAmericacomeintobeing?

1783Whowerethefirstsettlers?In1492,ColumbusChristopherfondthenewcontinent.

TheearliestsettlersincludeDutch,Swedes,Germans,French,Spaniards,Italians,andPortuguese.ThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericawasestablishedatJamestown,Virginiain1607.WhydidEnglishimmigrantsmovetothenewland?(1)

toreformtheChurchofEngland(2)tohaveanentirelynewchurch(3)toescapepoliticalpersecution

(4)toseekfreedomandfortune

4.Definethefollowingtwoterms:

(1)PuritansPuritansrefertothegroupofseriousandreligiouspeoplewhoknownasfoundingfathersofAmerica.(2)Puritanism

Puritanismreferstothedoctrinesandmoralprinciplesobeyedbypuritans.Itcanbealsodefinedasacodeofvalues,aphilosophyoflife,andapointofviewpuritansholdtowardstheworld.AmericanPuritanismwasoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluencesinAmericanthoughtandAmericanliterature.

PuritanDoctrines(DoctrineofCalvinism):-Predestination(Ifyoubelieveinpredestination,youbelievethatpeoplehavenocontrolovereventsbecauseeverythinghasalreadybeendecidedbyapowersuchasGodorfate.)

-Originalsinandtotaldepravity(humanbeingsarebasicallyevil.)-Limitedatonement(ortheSalvationofaselectedfew)Puritanvalues(creeds):Hardwork,thrift,piety,sobriety,simpletastesPuritansaremorepractical,tougher,andtobeeverreadyforanymisfortuneandtragicfailure.

Theyareoptimistic.WhatistheinfluenceofAmericanPuritanism?

(1)AmericanPuritanismwasoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluences

inAmerican

thoughtandAmericanliterature.(2)Americanliterature

isbasedon

amyth,theBiblicalmythoftheGardenofEden.(3)PuritanismcanbecomparedwithChineseConfucianism[k?n'fju:??nizm]

.puritansPuritanismtheinfluenceofPuritanismAmericanliteratureisbasedonamythAmericanPuritanismVSChineseConfucianismⅡ.

Majorwritersincolonialperiod:JohnSmithWilliamBradfordJohnWinthropJohnCottonandRogerWilliamsAnneBradstreetEdwardTaylor

Answerthefollowingquestions1.WhoisthefirstAmericanwriter?Whatishisrepresentativework?2.WhowasthefirstgovernorofPlymouth?Whatishisrepresentativework?3.WhowasthefirstgovernorofBoston?Whatishisrepresentativework?4.Whowastheonlyfemalewriterofthecolonialperiod?Whatishermajorwork?JohnSmith(1580-1631)IntroductiontotheauthorHewasanEnglish

soldier,sailor,andauthorHeisrememberedforhisroleinestablishingthefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericaatJamestown,Virginia.HewasaleaderoftheVirginiaColony(basedatJamestown)betweenSeptember1608andAugust1609,andledanexplorationalongtheriversofVirginiaandtheChesapeakeBay.切薩皮克灣[ChesapeakeBay]

美國(guó)東部大西洋沿岸的海灣。南段在弗吉尼亞，北段在馬里蘭，長(zhǎng)311千米，寬5～40千米面積約8,365平方千米。有多條河流注入，其中包括薩斯奎漢納河、帕塔克森特河、波托馬克河和詹姆斯河。詹姆斯敦是海灣區(qū)的第一個(gè)歐洲人居住區(qū)，建于1607年。一年后，J.史密斯船長(zhǎng)探測(cè)并繪制了海灣及其各河口的地圖。切薩皮克灣的水域有豐富的海洋生物，但到20世紀(jì)70年代，周?chē)貐^(qū)的開(kāi)發(fā)使得海灣的污染嚴(yán)重，捕魚(yú)量急遽下降。為了彌補(bǔ)損失政府已采取了各種措施。2.HisliteraryachievementsHeisthefirstAmericanWriter.Hisfirstliteraryworkcomesfrompartofaletterwiththetitle“ATrueRelationofSuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony”(1608).AMapofVirginia:withaDescriptionoftheCountry(1621)GeneralHistoryofVirginia(1624)波卡洪塔斯[Pocahontas]

波瓦坦族印第安婦女，在弗吉尼亞州的詹姆斯敦善待殖民者，從而維護(hù)了英國(guó)殖民者與美洲土著之間的和平。為有權(quán)勢(shì)的波瓦坦人酋長(zhǎng)之女。她插手營(yíng)救了被俘的殖民地創(chuàng)建者J.史密斯。其后她改信了基督教，并與殖民地開(kāi)拓者J.羅爾夫結(jié)婚，進(jìn)一步確保了雙方的和平。她后來(lái)到英國(guó)旅行，獲國(guó)王接見(jiàn)，但在英國(guó)死于天花。WilliamBradford(1590-1657)Bradford'sstatueinPlymouthRockStatePark,Plymouth,MassachusettsWilliamBradford(1590-1657)IntroductiontotheauthorWilliamBradfordwasaleaderoftheSeparatistsettlersofthePlymouthColonyinMassachusetts.HewaselectedthirtytimestobetheGovernor.HewasthesecondsignerandprimaryarchitectoftheMayflowerCompactinProvincetownHarbor.Hewas

thefirstgovernorofPlymouth2.Hisrepresentativework:TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation(1856).JohnWinthrop(1587-1649)IntroductiontotheauthorHewasthefirstgovernorofBoston.HehadbeenalawyerandlordofamanorinEngland.HewaselectedgovernoroftheMassachusettsBayGroupbeforesailingandtheforemostleaderofthefroupthroughouttheremaining19years.2.Hismajorworks:Partsofhisjournalwerefirstpublishedin1790.ThecompleteworkwascalledTheHistoryofNewEnglandwhichwaspublishedin1826.Hisworkisnotableforitssimplicityandhonesty,yetitisvaluablehistoricalmaterialsaboutthatperiod

AnneBradstreet(1612-1672)thefirstcollectionpublishedbyEnglishcolonistslivinginAmericathefirstnotedpoetessincolonialperiodAnneBradstreet’sWorks

“SomeversesontheBurningofOurHouse”

“TheSpiritandtheFlesh”

TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmericaAnneBradstreet’sLife

*ShewasbornandeducatedinEngland.

*Attheageof18,shecametoAmericain1630withherfatherandhusband.

*Shehad8children.

*Shebecameknownasthe“TenthMuse”whoappearedinAmerica.ToMyDearandLovingHusband

-致我最親愛(ài)的愛(ài)人Ifevertwowereone,thensurelywe.Ifevermanwerelov'dbywife,thenthee;Ifeverwifewashappyinaman,Comparewithmeyewomenifyoucan.IprizethylovemorethanwholeMinesofgold,OralltherichesthattheEastdothhold.MyloveissuchthatRiverscannotquench,Noroughtbutlovefromthee,giverecompence.ThyloveissuchIcannowayrepay,TheheavensrewardtheemanifoldIpray.Thenwhilewelive,inlovelet'ssopersever,Thatwhenwelivenomore,wemayliveever.EdwardTaylorIntroductionHewasborninEnglandandattendedHarv