初中英語比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)

Unit3

I’mmoreoutgoing

thanmysister.Grammer形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)ComparativeandSuperlativeFormsofAdjectivesandAdverbs形容詞：是修飾名詞（人或事物），表示名詞的性質(zhì)，特征或?qū)傩砸环N詞類。它在句中作定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。副詞：用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞及其他副詞的詞叫副詞。副詞在句中多作狀語.

一、形容詞和副詞的概念

①形容詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。如:

anew

book,two

bigtrees

等。二、形容詞和副詞的用法②形容詞放在系動(dòng)詞be、look、get、keep、turn、feel、become、seem、grow、smell等之后。如:1.Iamshort.2.Shelooksfine.3.Theyturngreen.③如果形容詞修飾不定代詞something,anything,everything,nothing等時(shí)，要放在不定代詞后面。如:somethinginterestingnothingnew④副詞放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后、形容詞和副詞之前。如果前面是行為動(dòng)詞，則后面用副詞。如:1.Sheworkshard.（修飾動(dòng)詞）

2.Iamverybusy.（修飾形容詞）

3.Herunstooquickly.（修飾副詞）

4.Weplayhappily.（修飾動(dòng)詞）⑤通常在形容詞后加-ly變成副詞。slow→______real→______usual→______careful→______easy→______happy→______heavy→______angry→______slowlyusuallyeasilyheavilyreallycarefullyhappilyangrily⑥下列詞既是形容詞又是副詞如:hard,late,early,far,near,alone,straight,fast等

Heworkshard.(副詞，努力地）

It’shardwork.(形容詞，難的)Sheisaloneathome,butneverfeellonely.ShelivesaloneinShanghai.(adv.)Theystoodtherestraight.(adv.)Shehasstraight,blackhair.(adj.)Heissoearlyeveryday.(adj.)Hegetsupearlyeveryday.(adv.)bigbigger

Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看圖并理解

Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看圖并理解bigbiggerbiggestfast

Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看圖并理解fastfaster

Lookatthepicturesandunderstand看圖并理解fastfasterfastest

Lookatthepictures

andunderstand

看圖并理解Theredboxisbig.Thegreenboxissmall.

Theredboxisbiggerthan

thegreenbox.Thegreenboxissmallerthantheredbox.LiYongisfunny.PanChangjiangisthefunniest.SunNanis

funnierthan

LiYong.形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)和少數(shù)多音節(jié)的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則和不規(guī)則。變化如下：形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成A:cheapshortquickthicklightcoolwarmquietwildcalm最高級(jí)：the--est比較級(jí)：直接加erB:

heavyeasytidydrybusyhappyhealthyhungryearly最高級(jí)：y-i--est比較級(jí)：y-i--erC:

largelatenice最高級(jí)：adj.+stD:bighotthin“雙寫”最后的輔音字母加er/estwet

fat比較級(jí)：adj.+rdeliciousdangerousinterestingpopularbeautifulcarefuloutgoing

比較級(jí)

：more+adj.最高級(jí)：themost+adj.多音節(jié)形容詞和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞：betterbest

farlittleworseworstmoremostfartherfarthestlessleastgoodwellbadillmany

much部分形容詞的不規(guī)則變化：

構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)多音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加-er/?/或-est/ist/coldcoldercoldestfastfasterfastest以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞，加-r或-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重讀閉音節(jié)詞只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，應(yīng)先雙寫輔音字母；再加-es或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先改“+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先改“y”為“i”,再加-er或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more或mosttiredmoretiredmosttiredeasilymoreeasilymosteasily二、不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)最高級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastill/bad/badlyworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest注：older一般指年齡大小；

Myfatherisolderthanmymother.elder指長幼關(guān)系(一般修飾名詞作定語);Myelderbrotherisadriver.farther指距離更遠(yuǎn)；further指抽像的.IwanttostudyEnglishfurther.furtherreading1.有些雙音節(jié)和單音節(jié)形容詞，既可以加er或est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，也可以加more和most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。

friendlyhugecalmfreetrueclever注意雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的特殊情況：2、某些單音節(jié)形容詞，加more,most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。

glad–moreglad–mostgladpleased–morepleased–mostpleasedtired–moretired–mosttiredoften-moreoften-mostoftenimportant

_______________________________

easy______________________________________wet_______________________________________happy____________________________________careful__________________________________thin___________________________________good____________________________________hot______________________________________easily____________________________________many____________________________________nice____________________________________big_____________________________________heavy__________________________________delicious________________________________much____________________________________給出下列詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)

moreimportantmostimportanteasiereasiestwetterwettesthappierhappiestmorecarefulmostcarefulthinnerthinnestbetterbesthotterhottestmoreeasilymosteasilymoremostnicernicestbiggerbiggestheavierheaviestmoredeliciousmostdeliciousmoremost

biglittlecoldhotwarmcoollongshortlatemuchpopular

biggerbiggestlessleastcoldercoldesthotterhottestwarmerwarmestcoolercoolestlongerlongestshortershortestlaterlatestmore

mostmorepopularthemostpopularcheapwideeasynicethinfatbusyearlylargefinedeliciouscheapercheapestwiderwidesteasiereasiestnicernicestthinnerthinnestfatterfattestbusierbusiestearlierearliestlargerlargestfinerfinestmoredeliciousmostdelicious1.原級(jí)：即形容詞和副詞的原形。

small,good,pretty,big,manyhard,happily,slowly,quickly

①程度副詞very,too,so,quite等修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)。如：verytall、toohot、socoldquiteinteresting

run

quickly

①程度副詞very,too,so,quite等修飾形容詞的原級(jí)如：verytall、toohot、socold

Thecarisquite/verycute.Thefloodisvery/soserious.形容詞原級(jí)的常用句型同級(jí)比較的常用句型Thisjacketisasbeautifulasthatone.句型1：as+形容詞原形+asEnglishisasinterestingasChinese.句型2.notas+形容詞原形+as

或

notso+形容詞原形+as

“前者不及／不如后者

Thisschoolisnotasbeautifulasthatone.Thisschoolisnotsobeautifulasthatone.

表達(dá)前者不如后者還可以用：

less+原級(jí)+thanThisschoolislessbeautifulthanthatone句型1

：甲+be+adj比較級(jí)+than+乙或甲+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+adv比較級(jí)+than+乙“甲比乙…”

形容詞比較級(jí)的常用句型Thiscakeismoredeliciousthanthatone.Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning.（兩者之間）

句型2

：甲+be+倍數(shù)+adj比較級(jí)+than+乙或甲+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)+adv比較級(jí)+than+乙“甲比乙…幾倍”Thisgardenis9timeslargerthan

thatone.Theroomis3timesbiggerthanthatone.表示“……是……的幾倍”，用“倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as”結(jié)構(gòu)，或者“倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than”結(jié)構(gòu)。

eg:Thisclassroomisthreetimesasbigasthatone.Thisclassroomistwicebiggerthanthatone.Heis句型3

：比較級(jí)+thananyother+單數(shù)名詞tallerthananyotherboy.句型4：

比較級(jí)+thantheother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Heistallerthantheotherboys句型5：

the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo…Amyis在兩個(gè)孩子中Amy矮theshorterofthetwokids.

Sheistheprettierofthetwogirls.Thebikeistheolderofthetwo.Hisisthetallerofthetwo.Thisoneisthemorebeautifulofthethetwopicture.Sheisbecomingthinnerandthinner.Ourcountryisbecomingricherandricher.Therearemoreandmorestudentsinourschool.Livingintheworldisbecomingmoreandmoredifficult.句型6：比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”“moreandmore+原級(jí)”，(多音節(jié)形容詞和特殊雙音節(jié)詞）（前后形容詞是同一個(gè)）

越來越……吃的越多，會(huì)變得越胖youeat,youwillbe.句型7

：

the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)越……，越……。ThemorethefatterThemore,thebetter.Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.Theharderyoustudy,themoreyouwillget.Thesmallerthehouseis,thelessitwillcost.Thesooner,thebetter.你們?cè)阶屑?xì)，出的錯(cuò)誤就越少.Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyoumake.他越忙越快樂._________heis,___________hewillbe.The

busier

the

happier疑問詞+be+adj比較級(jí)，甲或乙？或疑問詞+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+adv比較級(jí),甲或乙？{Which（Who）is+比較級(jí)…？}

比較A和B，問“哪一個(gè)較……？”時(shí)用

“Whichis+比較級(jí)，AorB？”句型。如果是人與人相比時(shí)，用Who代替Which。

Whichoneismorepopular,theradioorthemovie?收音機(jī)和電影，哪一個(gè)更普及？

Theradiois.收音機(jī)。AorB，只能用or不能用and。

Whoishappier,youoryourfather?

你和你父親，誰幸福？

Iam.我

（或者）Myfatheris.我父親。句型八九、形容詞比較級(jí)的修飾。比較級(jí)前面可以用even(更加)，much(……得多)，far(……得多)，alittle(……一點(diǎn))，abit(一點(diǎn))，alot(大量)，still(還，還要)等詞語表示不定程度或數(shù)量。eg:Iamevenlesslucky.Sheisfarbetterthanmeatwriting.Thispenismuchbetterthanthatone.TomisalittleshorterthanhisfriendJim.表示在兩者之間相差的程度用“具體數(shù)字+比較級(jí)+than+比較對(duì)象”。eg:Theroadistwometreslongerthanthatone.

這條公路比那條公路長兩米。

Thispencilisfourinchesshorterthanthatone.

這只鉛筆比那只鉛筆短四英寸。注意注意3.Kateismorebeautiful

thanLilyis.

Sheisfiveyearsolder

thanIam.

Idrinkmoreteathanhe(does).than前后句子的時(shí)態(tài)相同。通常用be動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,may,must,could,should和助動(dòng)詞do,does,did,will，have等來簡答。4.Ihavemorepensthanyou(do).many,much,little,few等詞必須帶名詞。注意1.Thenewbuildingishigherthantheoldone.Thoseapplesarebiggerthantheseones.2.Hisshirtismoreexpensivethan

mine.如果主語是物主代詞+名詞，那么后面要用名詞性物主代詞。比較級(jí)必須在同類中進(jìn)行，即人與人比，物與物比，而且比較結(jié)構(gòu)前后的詞語要對(duì)稱，特別注意在than或as之后不要漏掉可能出現(xiàn)的替代詞that，those,one,ones.注意1.Thoseapplesarebiggerthantheseones.1.比較級(jí)中為了避免重復(fù)，常用one/that/those替代名詞。Thispenisshorterthanthatone.TheweatherhereismuchhotterthanthatofShanghai.ThecarsmadeinTianjinismuchmorepopularthanthoseinShanghai.2.必須是同類事物之間的比較。Myhouseismuchcleanerthanhers.mysister’s.3.very/quite/so/as/too+原級(jí)

much/alittle/abit/alot/even/far+比較級(jí)Ifeelevenworsetoday.Youhavemuchmoretodo.“比較”出來的英語Afriendiseasierlostthanfound.

朋友易失不易得。2.Enoughisasgoodasafeast.

知足常樂。

3.Bettertodowellthantosaywell.

說得好不如干得好。

4.Betterthelastsmilethanthefirstlaughter.寧可最后微笑，不可首先狂喜。5.Doingisbetterthansaying.

會(huì)說不如會(huì)做。

6.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.兩人智慧勝一人。

7.Goodtobeginwell,bettertoendwell.

善始好，善終更佳。

8.Aneyefindsmoretruththantwoears.

百聞不如一見。

1.Yourroomisvery_________.It’smuch________thanmine.（big）

2.—Thiscoatistoo________.（expensive）Idon’thaveenoughmoneytobuyit.Icanbuya________onethanit.（cheap）

3.Whichis_______(big),thesun,themoonortheearth?4、Ahorseis_______thanadog.

（heavy）5、UsuallyXiaoLispends_______timedoinghomeworkthanXiaoChendoes.（little）用所給詞的正確形式填空

bigbiggerexpensivecheapperbiggerheavierless最高級(jí)：三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物之間的比較。

標(biāo)志詞：in+大范圍,ofall,of+the+具體的數(shù)字.形容詞最高級(jí)前一定要用the，

表示“最……”的意思。Heisthetallestboyinhisclass.Heisthe+最高級(jí)+ofinamongtheyoungestofalltheboystudentsinourclass.形容詞最高級(jí)的常用句型(三者或三者以上)同義句：Heisyoungerthananyother

student.Heisyoungerthantheother

students句型1：of…和in…的區(qū)別

1.”of+復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在……之中的”；“在……中”of后一般接表示一群人或事物的代詞或名詞

ofthefour……在四個(gè)之中

ofall（people）在所有的人之中

ofalltheboys在所有的男孩中

ofus在我們之中

ofallthings在所有的事情當(dāng)中

2.”in+范圍、場所”譯為“在……之中”；“在……之內(nèi)”in后面一般接表示單位或場所的名詞。

inthehouse在家中

inChina在中國

intheworld在世界上

inourschool在我們學(xué)校

inmyfamily在我們家

那個(gè)短發(fā)的女孩是我們班最高的.Thegirlwithredhairisthetallestinourclass/ofallthestudents/amongthestudents.上海是中國最大的城市.ShanghaiisthelargestinChina.最重要的語言之一是英語。OneofthemostimportantlanguagesisEnglish.句型2

Oneof+the+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)“最……的……之一”云南是中國最美的城市之一。YunNanisoneofthemostbeatifulcitiesinChina.the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞+in短語“在……中是第幾個(gè)……”eg：黃河是中國第二長河。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.句型3Chinaisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.句型4疑問詞+名詞+be+the+adj最高級(jí)+甲，乙or丙？或疑問詞+名詞+助動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+（the)+adv最高級(jí)+甲，乙or丙？Whichcountryisthelargest,China,AmericaorCanada?Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best,spring,summerorautumn?形容詞最高級(jí)的用法1、the+最高級(jí)+of/in(三者及以上范圍的)Mymotheristhebusiestinmyfamily2、oneofthe+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+in/ofShenzhenisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina3、the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+名詞單數(shù)+in/ofTheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina4、Which/Whoisthe+最高級(jí),A,BorC?Whichisthebiggest,themoon,theearthorthesun?5、Thisisthe+最高級(jí)+名詞(that)Ihaveeverseen/heardof.ThisisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveevervisited.注意5.Thecityisoneofthemostbeautifulcities

intheworld.oneof+the+最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞

Which/Who…+比較級(jí)，AorB?Which/Who…+最高級(jí)，A，BorC?6.Whoisolder,JimorTom?Whoisthetallest,Jim,MikeorTom

Whichlanguageis____,English,FrenchorChinese?A.difficultB.moredifficultC.themostdifficultC注意7.Maryisthetallestofallthesistersinthefamily.在使用形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，一定要把自己包括在比較的范圍內(nèi)。8.ThisisthethirdlargestcityinChina.當(dāng)表示“第二，第三”等意思時(shí)，經(jīng)常在最高級(jí)的前面加second,third,等詞。

9.It’sourlargestmachineinourfactory.當(dāng)最高級(jí)前有物主代詞修飾時(shí)，其前不加定冠詞the.1.Whatisthelongestwallintheworld?TheGreatWall.2.Whichistheheaviestanimalontheland?Theelephants.3.WhoisthetallestprofessionalbasketballplayerinChina?YaoMing.QuizWinteris___________seasonofayear.thecoldest

backFollowups(隨堂練習(xí))1、---MrZhou,allofthestudentsinourgroup,wholives____?---IthinkLiLeidoes.

A.fatB.fatherC.farthestD.farest2、TheChangjiangRiveris____thananyotherriverinChina.A.shorterB.longerC.shortestD.longest3、Bobneverdosehishomework____Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyasD.ascarefulas4、____sheis,____shefeels.A.Themorebusy,themorehappyB.Thebusy,thehappyC.Busier,happierD.Thebusier,thehappier5、Theweatherisgetting________.(越來越糟糕)CBBDDworseandworse

。

Haveatry，please。1.Whichdoyoulike______(well),applesororanges?2.Whois______(old),JimorTom?3.Jackisrunning_____and______(fast).4.Ourcountryisbecoming______and___________(beautiful).5.Heis________(tall)ofthethetwoboys.

betterolderfasterfastermoremorebeatifulthetaller4.Findoutthemistakesinthesentencesbelow.Allofusfelthappilyatherbirthdayparty.

IammoreolderthanHarry.3.Hercoatisnewerthanyou.4.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthaninXiamen.5.Sueisoneofthetallgirlsinherclass.

happymuchyours.

that∧tallest

￣￣(2011年中考真題)NancyandLucyaretwins.Insomewaytheylookthesame,butNancyis_____thanLucy.

A.tallB.tallerC.tallest

(2002年中考真題)ThepopulationofChinais______thananyothercountryintheworld.A.largerB.lessC.smallerWhichoneis_______,thisoneorthatone?A.goodB.bad C.best D.worseThe__________,thebetter.A.much B.many C.more D.most

例Computersandmobilephones,thoughtheyareindeedmakingourlife______andmore______，havereducedtheneedforface-to-facecommunications.A.easily;efficient B.easier;efficientC.easy;efficiently D.easily;efficiently

［解析］考生從______andmore______即可判斷前后應(yīng)該一致，故用形容詞的比較級(jí)，故第一空用easier；第二空用形容詞efficient。BBack同義句轉(zhuǎn)換Heisthetalleststudentinhisclass.Heis________________________studentinhisclass.Heis________________________studentsinhisclass.Thestoryisnotasinterestingasthatone.Thestoryis__________thanthatonetallerthananyothertallerthantheotherlessinterestingBack23.The___heis,the____hefeels.A.busier,happier

B.busiest,happiest

C.busier,happiest

D.busiest,happier

24.Heis_____than_____boyinthefootballteam.A.clever,anyone

B.cleverer,anyother

C.cleverest,any

D.cleverest,anyother

AB25.Ithinkautumnis_____ofthefourseasons.A.thebetterB.thebestC.bestD.better26.EverybodyknowsMountQomolangmaisthe______mountainintheworld.A.higher B.highest C.tall D.tallerBBBackTheChangjiangRiveris____thananyotherriverinChina.A.shorterB.longerC.shortestD.longestback---Inourcityit’s

inJuly,butitiseven_____inAugust.A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hotter;hotD.hot;hotterD---Thebreadis____thanthesecakesA.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdeliciousCback---Anelephantis