高中英語人教版Unit4Globalwarming unit4sectionⅱ

SectionⅡWarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePointscomeabout發(fā)生；造成(教材P26)Sohowhasthiscomeaboutanddoesitmatter?這種溫度的增長是怎么產生的呢？會有什么影響呢？①Howdoesitcomeaboutthat...? 某事怎么發(fā)生的……？②comeintobeing 開始存在；形成comeacross 被理解；(偶然)遇見，碰到comeout 出現；出版；結果是；開放comeup 走近；長出；長芽；被提出；(問題或困難)出現comeupwith 提出；提供；趕上cometo 共計；談到；涉及；蘇醒過來①Themooncameoutfrombehindtheclouds.月亮從云后露出臉來。②Iwasamazedthathe'dcomeupwiththissweetidea.很驚奇他能想出這么一個使人心里感到甜甜的、暖暖的主意。③Howdiditcomeaboutthatyouwereanhourlate?你怎么會遲到1小時？④Icameacrossthechildrensleepingunderthebridge.我偶然發(fā)現睡在橋下的孩子。[名師點津]表示“發(fā)生”的詞或短語：comeabout，happen，occur，takeplace，breakout，都是不及物動詞或短語，都沒有被動語態(tài)。subscribevi.同意；捐贈；訂購vt.簽署(文件)；捐助(教材P26)Allscientistssubscribetotheviewthattheincreaseintheearth'stemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal，naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy.所有的科學家都贊同這種觀點：人們?yōu)榱松赡芰慷紵剂?如煤、天然氣和石油等)，從而引起了地球溫度的升高。寫出下列句中subscribe的含義和詞性①Atthemeeting，allthememberssubscribedtotheplantobuildapowerplantintheirhometown. vi.同意②Inordertoimprovehisdaughter'sEnglish，hesubscribedtoEnglishWeekly. vi.訂購③HesubscribesregularlytotheHopeProject. vt.捐助①subscribetosth. 同意；贊成；訂閱……②subscribe...to 把……捐贈給……；把……簽署在……上④Ifyouarenotasubscriber，youcansubscribetoday.如果您不是一個訂閱者，您可以現在訂閱。⑤Ifyousubscribetothenewspaper，it'llbedeliveredtoyourdoor.如果你訂閱報紙，它會給你送到門上的。⑥Hesubscribestotheviewthatchildrenbenefitfrombeingindependent.【導學號：33100019】他贊同孩子們能從獨立中獲益這一觀點。quantitiesof大量的，許多(＝aquantityof)(教材P26)Theproblembeginswhenweaddhugequantitiesofextracarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.當我們向大氣層中排放大量額外的二氧化碳時，問題就來了。①alarge/smallquantityof＝large/smallquantitiesof“大/少量的”，既可以修飾可數名詞也可以修飾不可數名詞a(large)quantityof 后接名詞作主語時，謂語常用單數形式(large)quantitiesof 后接名詞作主語時，謂語常用復數形式②inquantity 在數量上；大量地inlargequantities 大量地①HugequantitiesofoilwereshippedtoJapanlastyear.去年大量的石油被海運到日本。②Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests，alargequantityofdeserthascovered(cover)theland.由于破壞了森林，大量的沙漠覆蓋了陸地。③Helikesreadingandalwaysbuysbooksinquantity.他喜歡閱讀，總是成批地買書。tendvi.趨向；易于；照顧vt.照顧；護理(教材P26)Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.它意味著更多的熱能將被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球氣溫上升。①tendtodosth. 常常會做某事；傾向于做某事tendto/towardssth. 趨向；傾向tend(to)sb./sth.(＝lookaftersb./sth.) 照顧某人/某物；護理某人/某物②tendencyn. 傾向；偏好haveatendencytodosth. 傾向于做某事①Theinjuredarebeingtendedbythedoctorsandnurses.傷者正受到醫(yī)護人員的照料。②Shetendstoget(get)angrywhenothersdisagreewithher.別人不同意她的看法時，她很容易生氣。③Thereisatendency(tend)towardsregionalcooperation.有一種地區(qū)性合作的趨勢。goup上升，增長，升起(教材P26)Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.它意味著更多的熱能將被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球氣溫上升。godown 倒下，下沉；(物價)下降goout 出去，(燈)滅goon 繼續(xù)goover 仔細檢查；復習gothrough 經歷，遭受；穿過；完成(工作等)①Thewindhasgonedownalittle.風勢已減弱了一些。②Priceshavegoneupagain.物價又上漲了。③Thecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars.這個國家經歷了太多戰(zhàn)爭。resultin導致，造成……的結果(教材P26)Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide.他們還贊同下述觀點：正是由于越來越多的燃燒化石燃料導致了二氧化碳的增加。①resultfrom 由……引起②asaresultof 作為……的結果；由于③asaresult 結果①Hisillnessresultedfrombadfood.他的病是由于吃了變質的食物所致。②Hewaslateasaresultofthesnow.由于下雪他遲到了。③Asaresult，shehadtoleave.結果她只得離開。④Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopassengers.這次事故造成兩名乘客死亡。[明辨異同]resultin，resultfromresultin引起，導致，產生。側重于結果，即主語是原因，in后面接導致的結果。與leadto，cause同義。resultfrom起因于，由……產生。側重于起因，即主語是結果，from后面接事情的起因。與liein同義。resultin，resultfrom⑤Thesemeasuresresultedinagreatvictory.⑥Sicknessoftenresultsfromeatingtoomuch.opposevt.反對，反抗，與……較量(教材P27)Ontheotherhand，therearethose，likeGeorgeHambley，whoareopposedtothisviewandbelievethatweshouldnotworryabouthighlevelsofcarbondioxideintheair.另一方面，還有一些像喬治·漢布利這樣的科學家，他們反對這種觀點，他們認為我們不必為空氣中的二氧化碳含量高而擔心。①opposedoingsth.＝objecttodoingsth. 反對做……②opposedadj. 反對的；對立的beopposedtosth./doingsth.＝beagainststh. 反對……①Iamstronglyopposedtoyourplan.我堅決反對你的計劃。②Manyoldmenopposedcutting(cut)downthe100-year-oldtreeforrebuildingashoppingcenter.許多老人反對為重建一個購物中心而砍掉這棵百年老樹。③Iamopposedtogoingshoppingwithothers.我反對與其他人一起外出購物。consequencen．結果；后果；影響(教材P27)Theypredictthatanywarmingwillbemildwithfewbadenvironmentalconsequences.他們預言說，變暖的情況不會很嚴重，對環(huán)境的影響也不會太大。①inconsequence/asaconsequence＝asaresult 因此；結果inconsequenceof/asaconsequenceof＝asaresultof 由于……原因②consequentadj. 隨之發(fā)生的；由……引起的consequentlyadv. 所以；因而①Thecitywasinruinsinconsequenceof/asaconsequenceofasevereearthquake.由于嚴重的地震，這座城市變成了廢墟。②Shestudiedhard，andinconsequence/asaconsequenceshepassedtheexamination.她努力學習，結果通過了考試。③Iwascaughtintheheavyrainandconsequently(consequent)Iwaslate.我碰上了大雨，所以遲到了。(教材P27)Infact，Hambleystates，“Morecarbondioxideisactuallyapositivewillmakeplantsgrowquicker；cropswillproducemore；itwillencourageagreaterrangeofanimals—allofwhichwillmakelifeforhumanbeingsbetter.”事實上，漢布利這樣說：“二氧化碳含量的增加實際上是件好事。它使植物生長更快，莊稼產量更高，還會促進很多動物種類的增加——所有這些都能改善人類的生活?！?1)statevt.陳述；說明n．狀態(tài)；狀況①state＋n./that-clause/wh-clause 聲明……；說明……Itisstatedthat... 據宣布/據稱/據說……②statementn. 陳述；說明makeastatement 作陳述；發(fā)表聲明③ina(n)．..state/inastateof 處于……的狀態(tài)①Itisstatedthatmorethanthirtypeoplewerekilledintheaccident.據說事故中有30多人喪生。②Soonafterwardshemadehisfirstpublicstatement(state)abouttheaffair.不久以后，他第一次就這一事件發(fā)表了公開聲明。③Shewasinaterriblestatewhenwearrived.我們抵達時，她情緒很不好。【導學號：33100020】(2)rangen．種類；范圍v.排列；變化[圖形助記]排列；分類山脈射程①arangeof... 一系列……beyond/outofone'srange 超過某人承受的范圍withintherangeof... 在……的范圍之內②rangefromsth.＝rangebetweensth. 處于某范圍內①Thestudenthasaverywiderangeofinterests.那個學生的興趣非常廣泛。②Thepriceofthehouseiswellwithinourrange.這所房子的價格還在我們能承受的范圍。③Accommodationrangesfromtouristclasstoluxuryhotels.住宿條件從經濟旅館至豪華賓館不等。[語境應用]用range的相關詞語完成下面小片段Thesupermarketkeepsawiderangeofpricesrangefromjustonlyafewyuantoseveralhundredtotheirvarieties，theshopassistantsrangethemneatlyontheshelves.這家超市有種類繁多的商品。它們的價格從幾元到幾百元不等。根據它們的種類，售貨員們把它們整齊地排列在不同的貨架上。glancevi.看一下；掃視n.一瞥(教材P27)Glancequicklyatthemagazinearticleandanswerthequestions.快速瀏覽一下雜志上的文章，然后回答問題。①glanceat 向……一瞥(強調動作)glancethrough/over 瀏覽②atfirstglance/sight 乍看之下；乍一看ata(single)glance (只)看一眼；一眼；立刻take/haveaglance(at) (對……)匆匆看一下①Heglancedthrough/overthenewspaper.他大致瀏覽了一下報紙。②Atfirstglancetheproblemseemedeasy.乍看之下這個問題似乎很簡單。③Sheglancedatherwatchandthenwentoutinahurry.她匆匆看了看表然后匆忙出去了。[明辨異同]glance，glare，stareglance指快速地看某人或某物一眼，強調動作glare指怒視，強調敵對、威脅的態(tài)度stare指由于害怕或吃驚而睜大眼睛注視某人或某物，也指盯著看glance，glare，stare④Hewalkedandglancedathiswatchnowandthen.⑤Theyglaredateachotheracrossthetableafterthequarrel.⑥Itisbadmannerstostareatstrangersinthepublic.Ⅰ.語境填詞1．ItiswrongforusstudentstoIseeit，weshouldacquireascientificoutlookofandfocusonstudy.(consume)2．Theydonotthatsheisagoodteacher，buttheirisveryimportantinfact.(state)3．Whileheisbusyworking，hetoburstwithis，hehasatolosehistemper.(tend)4．Heisveryanddoesn'tgetangry，andheusuallytreatseveryone．(mild)5．①Hestudiedhard，andinhepassedtheexam.②Theriseinpricewasonthefailureofthecrops.(consequence)【答案】，consumption，statement，tendency，mildly5．①consequence②consequentⅡ.選詞填空beopposedto；goup；quantitiesof；comeabout；resultin；keepon；subscribeto1．Heandhiscolleaguestheplan.2．Idon'tknowhowthesequarrels．3．Itlookslikeyourcostby%forpackaging.【導學號：33100021】4．Althoughtoldtostopforabreak，heworking.5．Ifleftuntreated，theconditionwilleventuallyblindness.【答案】opposedtoaboutuponin(教材P26)Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer(seeGraph1)andthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.毫無疑問，地球是在變暖(見表一)，而地球變暖正是人類活動導致的，并非是一種無規(guī)律的自然現象。【要點提煉】Thereisnodoubtthat...意為“……是毫無疑問的”。①Thereis(some)doubt之后常接whether引導的從句，表“懷疑是否會……”；thereisnodoubt后常接that引導的從句，表“對……毫不懷疑”。②doubt用作動詞時，意為“懷疑，不相信”。在肯定句中doubt后面的從句由whether/if引導；在疑問句或否定句中doubt后面的從句由that引導。①Thereisnodoubtatallthatwedidtherightthing.毫無疑問我們做得對。②Idoubt(＝Ihavemydoubt)whether/ifheisthebestmanforthejob.我懷疑他是否是做這項工作的最佳人選。③Thereissomedoubtwhetherheisfitforthejob.至于他能否勝任這項工作，還有疑問。(教材P27)Evenifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases，theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies.即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在未來幾十年或幾個世紀內，氣候仍會持續(xù)轉暖?！疽c提煉】evenif＝eventhough引導讓步狀語從句，意為“即使；縱使”。引導讓步狀語從句的連詞小結①用although，though，eventhough，evenif等引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“盡管”或“雖然”。②用when和while引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“盡管；雖然”。③用as引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“雖然；盡管”。用作此意時必須將表語、狀語或動詞原形提到as前面。①Evenif/thoughIhavetowalkallthewayI'llgetthere.即使一路走著去，我也得趕到那里。②Although/Thoughhewasinjured，hemanagedtoclimboutofhiscar.盡管他受傷了，他還是從車里爬了出來。③WhileIunderstandwhatyousay，Ican'tagreewithyou.雖然我理解你的意思，但我還是不同意。④Searchastheywould，theycouldfindnobodyinthehouse.無論怎樣搜查，他們在房子里仍然沒有找到一個人。完成句子1．他有很多書，其中大部分是關于語言的。Hehasalotofbooks，areaboutlanguages.2．毫無疑問，我們能解決這個問題。wecanworkouttheproblem.3．沒有你的幫助，我考試一定會不及格的。Withoutyourhelp，Itheexam.4．即使大雨傾盆，他們還是在工作。Theywerestillworking．5．除非被邀請講話，你應該在會上保持沉默。，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.【導學號：33100022】【答案】ofwhichisnodoubtthat3．wouldhavefailedtopassifitwasraininghardinvitedtospeakItmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.【分析】本句是一個復合句。that引導一個賓語從句；causingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup為現在分詞短語作結果狀語?！痉g】它意味著更多的熱量將被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球氣溫上升。學業(yè)分層測評（十）Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Let'smakegooduseofourenergyandoppose(waste)water，electricity，paper，andsoon.2．Asuddenchangeintemperaturetends(bring)rainorsnow.3．Foodwilllastlongerif(keep)inaclosedcontainer.4．—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?—Becauselargequantitiesofwater(pollute).【導學號：33100040】5．Heiswonderhowitcamethatheshouldhavefailedthesimpletestthistime.6．Althoughmoneyisimportant，notmanypeoplesubscribetheideathatmoneybringshappiness.7．Ifyousticktothat，youshalltakethe(consequent)．8．Theseyears，ourcompanyhasbeendeveloping(stead)．9．HavinglivedinParisfor35years，heexperiencedmanysocialandcultural(phenomenon)ofFrance.10．Aspokesmanforthegovernmentmadea(state)tothepublictoexplaintheaccident.【答案】：bringbeenpollutedⅡ.完成句子1．毫無疑問，那些努力學習的人能容易通過這次考試。thoseworkinghardcanpasstheexameasily.2．這個地區(qū)需要大量的雨。areneededinthisarea.3．他興趣廣泛，包括下國際象棋和劃艇運動。Heisamanofwideinterests，chesscanoeing.4．當老師進來時，他們仍在繼續(xù)談話。Whentheteachercamein，theystill．5．英語是好幾種不同文化共同的語言，每種文化使用英語又各不相同。Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures，differently.【答案】isnodoubtthatquantitiesofrainfrom；toontalkingofwhichusesitⅢ.閱讀理解(2023·湖北老河口市高二模擬)TheU．'spushtodecreasethenation'soutputofgreenhousegasesbyincreasingthefuelefficiencyofthecarsAmericansdriveisarousingagainanemotionaldrivingasmall，fuel-efficientcarmakeyoumorelikelytodieontheroad?Engineersandstatisticalanalystscanpointtodatathatsuggestmore-efficientcarsdon'tnecessarilyputmotoristsatgreateroverallmostofuscarelessaboutthe“overall”riskthanwedoaboutabigChevroletTahoeSUVmakesmanyofusbelievewearesaferthanwewouldbeinasmallercar—evenifstatisticalmeasuresacrossalargepopulationofvehiclesandallkindsofcaraccidentssuggesttheadvantageofsafetyisn'tquiteaswideasSUVownersbelieve.TheObamagovernmenthasputthefuel-efficiencyandsafetyquestionbackonthefrontburnerbycallingfornew-vehiclefueleconomytorisetoanaverageof35milespergallonby2023fromabout25mpggoalcouldmovehigherifthegovernmentdecidestoadoptCalifornia'srequirementtocutvehiclegreenhouse-gasgivingoff，whichwouldresultinstrictermileagestandards.Thosemoves，andtheeffectsoflastsummer'sgas-priceshock，aredrivingautomakerstooffercarssuchastheToyotaYaris，HondaFitandDaimlerAG'sSmartForTwo—whichgetthekindofmileagetodaythatlawsaysshouldbetheaverageinathat，automakerswilllaunchawiderangeofnewcompact(緊湊的)vehicles，anddecreaseproductionoflarge，body-on-frameSUVs.That'sleadingtonewconcernsabout“greensafety”，atermformanagingthebalancebetweenreducingvehiclesizeforefficiencyandaddingsafetyandprotectionfeaturesthattendtomakevehiclesheavierandless，furtherworkhastobedonebeforeAmericansmakethechoice.1．TheU．requirestoimprovethefuelefficiencyinorderto．A．pushAmericanstodrivesmallercarsB．reducetheoutputofgreenhousegasesC．driveautomakerstoproducefewerSUVsD．causeAmericanstomakeanargument【解析】細節(jié)理解題。第一段第一句“TheU．'spushtodecreasethenation'soutputofgreenhousegasesbyincreasingthefuelefficiency”美國政府提出通過提高燃油效率來減少溫室氣體的排放。故選擇B?！敬鸢浮緽2．AccordingtoParagraph2，engineersandanalysts'idea．A．failstorelievepeopleoftheirworryaboutsafetyB．persuadespeopletopurchasesmallercarsinsteadofSUVsC．isbasedonresearchandthereforepersuasiveenoughD．makespeoplethinkoftheirsafetyaswellasothers'【解析】細節(jié)理解題。第二段第二句“Butmostofuscarelessaboutthe‘overall’riskthanwedoaboutourselves.”但是大多數人很少關心“整體”危險，更多的是關心自己的安全?？芍こ處熀蛿祿治鰩煹恼f明并沒有效果，故選擇A?！敬鸢浮緼3．AbouttheObamagovernment'snewmoves，theautomakersareandaverageAmericansare．A．uncertain；positiveB．doubtful；uncertainC．supportive；positiveD．positive；uncertain【解析】推理判斷題。第四段說汽車制造商開始積極生產緊湊型的汽車；后一自然段最后一句“Undoubtedly，furtherworkhastobedonebeforeAmericansmakethechoice.”意思是毫無疑問，進一步的工作必須在美國人做出選擇之前被做，可知美國民眾還是搖擺不定。故選擇D?！敬鸢浮緿4．Thebesttitleforthetextshouldbe．A．NewLawReducesGreenhouseGasesOutputB．CanSmallCarsOvercomeAccidentFears?C．NewCompactCarsGetsPopularintheU．S.D．DoWeHavetoFollowtheGovernment?【解析】主旨大意題。本文介紹政府為了減少溫室氣體的排放，開始推廣小型高效的汽車。這引起了普通民眾的質疑。盡管專家已經指出小型車更安全，但美國民眾并不買賬。故選擇B?！敬鸢浮緽Ⅳ.完形填空“I...Ithoughtyoucoulduseitforsomething.”Susan's1didnothingtohelpusunderstandwhyadarkbluecarpetremnant(零頭布料)wasbeing2asabirthdaymurmured“thanks”couldbebarelyheardasHollytriednottoallowherdisappointmenttoshow.Holly'sdisappointmentdidn'tbecome3untilthefollowingeveningwhenshecamedownstairstosaygoodnight.“Well，Iguessweknowhowmuchmybestfriend4me，huh，Mom？”Shesaid5，withherheaddown.Thenextmorning，IcarriedagarbagebagheartsankasI6thelidofthegarbagecanandsawSusan'scarpetlyingthere.7onlyamoment，Ipickeditupandbroughtitintothehouse.“Susan8youandmetogoovertoherhouseafterschooltomorrow.”WeekslaterHollyannouncedasshearrivedhomefromschool.9hervoicecarriedaso-whatattitude，Isensedshewaspleasedbytheinvitation.Thenextdaywe10tothedestinationalongthewindingcountryroad.Atallwomanstoodinthedoorwayto11usasweapproachedthesmallhousewas12butneatlydecoratedwithusedfurniture.Fromthe13withthewomanweknewSusanhadlongbeenseparatedfromherparentsandshewasSusan'sfostermother(養(yǎng)母)．Awarmlightshoneinhereyesasshe14tomeherfondnessforSusan.Icametorespectthis15womanwhohadopenedherhometoayounggirlandattemptedtomakeadifferenceinherlife.Asdaylightbeganto16weofferedourthanksandsaidgoodbye.Hollysatquietlyinthecarleaningherbodyforwardasifwillingthecartomovesoonerhadwecometoastopthanshe17openedthecardoorandwalkedpurposefullytowardthegarbagecan.“Isthiswhatyouwerelookingfor？”Iheldoutthepieceof18.“Thanks，Mom.”atearortwo19fromhereyesandfellontotheremnant，asif20，thathasbecomethemostpreciousbirthdaypresentintheworld.1． B．negotiationC．explanation D．assumption【解析】根據“I...Ithoughtyoucoulduseitforsomething.”及“understand”一詞可知，此處指Susan的“解釋”不能幫助我們理解為什么地毯的零頭布料會被當作生