七選五1（萬能法位置解題法敏感詞解題法） 【思維導(dǎo)圖+ 體系建構(gòu)+遷移運(yùn)用】 高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 滿分突破與題型鞏固拓展

思維導(dǎo)圖破解高中英語(yǔ)

第28講

七選五

萬能法，位置解題法，敏感詞解題法使用說明-內(nèi)容說明七選五11.萬能法2.位置解題法3.敏感詞解題法CONTENTS12構(gòu)建知識(shí)圖利用導(dǎo)圖解題3復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)構(gòu)建思維導(dǎo)圖幫你快速了解本節(jié)課主題，清楚注意事項(xiàng)，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)收獲了然于心PART1DREAMOFTHEFUTURE思維導(dǎo)圖體系萬能法、位置解題法和敏感詞解題法的基本知識(shí)PART2DREAMOFTHEFUTURE（一）萬能法：李宇春原則DREAMOFTHEFUTURE【原理】概念限定原則：中間句出現(xiàn)的概念，會(huì)被上下句限定?！九e例】男人帥，

，李宇春帥。中間填什么句子？①李宇春是男人。②女人也帥。③不但男人帥，女人帥。【分析】根據(jù)概念限定原則，中間句會(huì)出現(xiàn)“男人，帥，李宇春”等相同或相關(guān)的詞。必須要承上啟下，老人也帥，這個(gè)答案就是錯(cuò)的?！袄先恕笔切滦畔?。除非李宇春是個(gè)老人。2018全國(guó)3卷"Iadoredancing,"saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa."Ican'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife."Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages."Teachingdanceiswonderful.

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It'sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it'sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife."D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.【注意】使用萬能法時(shí)，不一定需要B句與A、C兩句同時(shí)具備呼應(yīng)關(guān)系。原因：萬能法在操作過程中，還是需要找到動(dòng)、名、形、副和代、冠、連這些詞的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系。舉例，如果B句與A句存在動(dòng)詞和名詞兩種詞的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系，正確率也是非常大的。（二）位置解題法DREAMOFTHEFUTURE1、第一段（總說）段落功能：總說，引出話題。（引發(fā)思考，或需要解決的現(xiàn)象或問題是什么）（第1段）段前、段中的設(shè)空①詞句特征：可能存在固定呼應(yīng)：maythink....However....；可能會(huì)有問句，或challenge/difficulty/problem等字眼。②解題方法：方法1：直接解題（看特征）方法2：萬能法（第1段）段尾設(shè)空①詞句特征：可能會(huì)有承上啟下的表達(dá)，如“這是一系列問題......”，“下面是一系列的方法（建議）......”hereare，thereare；后面可能有tips，points，steps，suggestions,ways，approach，howtodo；takealook/listen等字眼。②解題方法：方法1：直接法看特征，直接選答案方法2：萬能方法方法3：排除法+總結(jié)。如果這兩種方法都不能解答出來，需要暫時(shí)放一下，做其他題目，最后總結(jié)（原因：可以用排除法；本句可能是承上啟下，看完文章的題目，理解主旨后解題）2014新課標(biāo)1第一段Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.

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Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.A.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.B.Andwecan'tforgetscienceeducation.C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon'tyetexist?2018浙江卷（6月）第一段Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluablepartofyournewneighborhood.Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.

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G.Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly2、小標(biāo)題方法1：觀察對(duì)比法①說明：此方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)“快”。缺點(diǎn)是“正確率能達(dá)到90%”。①操作：a觀察特點(diǎn)：觀察其它小標(biāo)題，找句式特點(diǎn)。往往比較短，往往是祈使句。b確定選項(xiàng)并對(duì)比：在七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，找到這種特點(diǎn)的句子（一般比較短，又是祈使句的，一般2-3句。）觀察比較這幾個(gè)句子，劃出它們的差別詞。c確定答案：接著看小標(biāo)題下面段落中出現(xiàn)了哪個(gè)詞，就選了哪一選項(xiàng)。方法2：總結(jié)法（普通版）①操作：讀懂小標(biāo)題下段落的內(nèi)容，自己總結(jié)。②解題原理：小標(biāo)題的本質(zhì)=下面段落的中心。（優(yōu)點(diǎn)：正確率能達(dá)到100%。缺點(diǎn)：有可能讀不懂）方法3：總結(jié)法（升級(jí)版）①操作：讀本段落尾句②說明：此方法為方法1的升級(jí)版，適用段落較長(zhǎng)，沒時(shí)間讀或很難讀懂。③解題原理：尾句一般要點(diǎn)明此段中心，尾句前如果有however/but等轉(zhuǎn)折詞，尾句一定與小標(biāo)題呼應(yīng)?！菊f明】總結(jié)法其實(shí)是需要跟“觀察對(duì)比法”的前兩步結(jié)合起來用的?；蛘邠Q句話說，總結(jié)法，是對(duì)“觀察法”最后一步的優(yōu)化。2016全國(guó)2卷●

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Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers（肥料）.

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.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.●Recall（回憶）yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhat'simportant.......A.KnowwhyyougardenB.FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC.It’sourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters3、段首題（一）第一種情況：小標(biāo)題（與小標(biāo)題的三種方法一樣）（二）第二種情況：類小標(biāo)題（段落中心句）此句可能不是祈使句或比較短的句子，除此之外，和小標(biāo)題的題目的解法一樣。①說明：沒有小標(biāo)題，且判斷要填的是段落中心句，于是可以看做是“隱含小標(biāo)題”，做題方法與小標(biāo)題的題目類似。②注意：看其他段落首句，找有沒有規(guī)律。（三）第三種情況：萬能方法如果此段沒有小標(biāo)題，且判斷要填的不是段落中心句，用萬能法。（萬能法并不是段首題的首選）2014全國(guó)二卷1.Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI’malreadyhungryandthere’snothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaheadofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook?Doyouhavetherightmaterialsalready?37.2.Makeyourtimeworthit.Whenyoudofindtimetocookameal,makethemostofitandsaveyourselftimelateron.Areyoumakingoneloafofbread?38.Ittakesaroundthesameamountoftimetomakemoreofsomething.Sosaveyourselftheeffortforfuturemeal.3.39

Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.A.Trynewthings. B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.2017全國(guó)一卷

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Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.E．I

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camping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.4、段中題優(yōu)先使用萬能法2011全國(guó)卷1.ThebasicfunctionofmoneyBeingexplainingthebasicfunctionofmoneybyshowinghowpeopletrademoneyforgoodsorservices.Itisimportanttoshowyourchildhowmoneyistradedforthethinghewantstohave.Ifhewantstohaveatoy,givehimthemoneyandlethimhandthemoneytothecashier（收銀員）.72Whenyourchildgrowsabitolderandunderstandsthebasicfunctionofmoney,youcanstartexplainingmorecomplexwaysofusingmoney.F.Talkabouthowthemoneyboughtthethingafteryouleavethetoystore.5、段尾題方法1：中心句呼應(yīng)法（如果but/however后面，一定是這段的中心，證明小標(biāo)題）所以一定要看小標(biāo)題，翻譯。原理：越靠近最后一句，越會(huì)證明此段中心（即作者的真實(shí)觀點(diǎn)）方法2：萬能法說明：①一般優(yōu)先用方法1，如果不行，就選用萬能方法。②段尾排除：一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)問句(沒有展開論述的空間了)2017全國(guó)三卷●Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou'retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.

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F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.（三）敏感詞解題法DREAMOFTHEFUTURE敏感詞思維：通過敏感詞找到句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系（即呼應(yīng)關(guān)系），找到解題的線索。敏感詞解題模型：敏感詞可以出現(xiàn)在B句中，也可以出現(xiàn)在C句中。1.代詞原理：代詞是代替名詞的詞。代詞所指代的名詞，必須出現(xiàn)在這句話的前半句，或上一句話。舉例：我在景區(qū)遇到了一群游客。他們來自美國(guó)。操作：看是否一致：①單復(fù)數(shù)是否一致；②人稱是否一致常見代詞：指示代詞this/that/these/thoseitthey等【注意】①代詞不能呼應(yīng)，90%以上不對(duì)；代詞能呼應(yīng)，不一定是正確選項(xiàng)。②狀語(yǔ)從句中的代詞指代現(xiàn)象：Whenhewastakentohospital,Tomcried.（此句中的he不需要往前句找）③注意下列中的it不作為解題敏感詞：形式主語(yǔ)，形式賓語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的it，可以忽略④one也是可以做代詞。⑤they與we有時(shí)候是可以呼應(yīng)的，we=they+I（作者）⑥段落首句出題，帶入的句子出現(xiàn)代詞一定要優(yōu)先警惕，很多時(shí)候可以排除。2015北京卷Daydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunwareofwhat'shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy.

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Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.A.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.B.Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.C.Withoutwanderingminds,wewouldn’thaverelatively,CokeorPost-itnotes.2013年新課標(biāo)二Ifyoufindapublicspeakingcoursethatlooksasthoughit'sgoingtogiveyoulotsofdosanddon'ts,walkaway!Yourbrainissofullofwhatyou'regoingtobetalkingabout.54.Asfaraswe'reconcerned,therearebasicallynohardandfastrulesaboutpublicspeaking.Youraudiencecanbeyourfriends.G.Sotryingtoforceawholesetofrulesintoitwilljustmakethingsworse.2.冠詞【原理】第一次出現(xiàn)用a/an，第二次出現(xiàn)用The【解題】如果選項(xiàng)的句子中，出現(xiàn)：the+n.上一句話必須有相應(yīng)的名詞?！九e例】樹上有一個(gè)蘋果。這個(gè)蘋果又大又紅。2017年全國(guó)二卷

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Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.3.連詞【解題】句首如果有連詞，用連詞分析法，上一句有什么?！九e例】有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)：“但是，馬老師不養(yǎng)寵物”。前一句的共性是，一定是有名詞出現(xiàn)，可能是馬老師，也可能是寵物。比如：李老師養(yǎng)寵物，或者馬老師養(yǎng)花草?！颈举|(zhì)】連詞的本質(zhì)是看：重復(fù)的名詞。2016年北京Sometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.

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Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.PART3DREAMOFTHEFUTURE利用知識(shí)點(diǎn)導(dǎo)圖來解題高考真題12019浙江卷（6月）Rockmusicconsistsofmanydifferentstyles.Eventhoughthereisacommonspiritamongallmusicgroups,theymakeverydifferentmusic.

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AtthattimetheBeatlesenteredtheworldofmusicfromLiverpool.A.TheydecidedonatourtotheUnitedStatesin1964.B.Eventheirhairstylesbecamemajortrendsatthattime.C.Rockmusicdevelopedinthe1950sandtheearly1960s.答案1位置解題法：在段落中間，優(yōu)先使用萬能法。根據(jù)"Atthattime"可知是按照時(shí)間順序安排的，C選項(xiàng)最符合本段話的邏輯順序。A排除。前后句沒有提到tourB排除。atthattime重復(fù)。故選C。高考真題2

2020浙江卷1月Let'stakeaminutetothinkaboutthewaterweuse.Thehumanbodyis60%waterandweneedtodrinklotsofwatertobehealthy.Whenwearethirstywejustgotothekitchenandfillaglasswithcleanwater.

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Forexample,farmers,whoproducethefoodweeat,usewatertomaketheplantsgrow.WhenweturnonalightorswitchonaTVoracomputerweuseenergyandweneedwatertoproducethisenergy.A.Weusewaterindirectlytoo.B.Everysysteminourbodydependsonwatertofunction.C.Itistoinspirepeopletolearnmoreaboutwater-relatedproblems.答案2位置解題法。段首題，優(yōu)先使用總結(jié)法，特別是第二句看到forexample.所以判斷該句是段落中心句。輔助:敏感詞too，說明上文有相似內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第一段的描述，主要講了我們直接補(bǔ)充水分的途徑，第二段提到用水種植莊稼、產(chǎn)生能量，因此是間接使用水的情況，A選項(xiàng)"我們也會(huì)間接用水"符合文意