2023年6月英語六級(jí)第二套及答案解析

２023年６月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試真題及答案解析（第二套完整版）PaｒtIWriｔing(3０minutｅs)Ｄｉreｃｔiｏns：Sｕpposeyｏuarｅａskedtogiveadvｉceonwhｅｔhｅrｔoｍaｊorinscｉｅnceorhumanitiesatcolｌｅge,wｒｉｔｅａnesｓayｔｏstaｔｅyouｒopinion.Youarereqｕiredtowrｉtｅaｔlｅast150wｏrdsbuｔnoｍorｅｔhan200worｄs.ParｔＩILisｔeningComprehensioｎ(30miｎutes)SectioｎA(yù)Ｄirections：Iｎthissection，ｙouwillhｅaｒtｗolongcoｎｖeｒｓatｉons.Attheｅｎdofeaｃｈconveｒsatｉon,yoｕmiｌhｅarｆｏuｒqueｓtions．Ｂotｈtｈecoｎversａｔionaｎｄthｅquｅstｉｏnｓwiｌlbeｓｐoｋｅnonｌｙoｎｃe.Aftｅryouheaｒａqｕeｓtion，youmustcｈoosｅtｈｅbeｓtanｓwerfｒomtｈefｏurcｈoｉｃesmarｋedA),Ｂ）,C)anｄD).ＴhenmarkthecorreｓponｄingletteroｎA(yù)nswerSheet１ｗithａｓingｌelinｅthrouｇｈtｈecentre．Questioｎs1to4aｒeｂaｓedontheconversaｔionyouhａｖejusｔhｅaｒｄ.１．Ａ）Dｏinｇenｊｏｙａblewoｒk.B)Hａviｎｇfｒiendlycｏｌleａgｕｅs.C)Eaｒningacompetiｔiveｓalary.D)Woｒｋｉngforsuｐportivｅbｏｓses.2.A)31%.B)2０%.C)25％.D)７3%．3．A）Thosｅofasmallsize.B）Tｈｏsｅrunｂｙwoｍeｎ.C)Thosethatarewellmanａgｅd.D)Tｈoｓeｆullofskｉｌlｅdworkeｒs．4.A)Theycａnhoｐfromｊｏbtｏjobeasily.B)Tｈeycanwiｎrecｏgｎitioｎoｆｔheirｗork.C）Theｙcaｎｂetteｒbalancｅwoｒkandlifｅ．D)Theycanｔakeonmoreｔhａnonejｏｂ.Questiｏｎｓ５to8arebasedontheconｖersａｔioｎyoｕhavｅjuｓthｅard.5.A)IｔisabｏｏkofEuｒopeanｈiｓtoｒy.B）Itｉsaｎｉntrodｕｃtiｏｎtｏｍusｉc.C)ItiｓaboutthｅcitｙofＢｒuｇｅｓ.Ｄ）Itｉsａcｏlｌｅctioｎofphoｔos.6.Ａ）WhenpaintingtｈecｏncerｔhallofＢruｇeｓ．B)ＷhenvacationingｉnanItaliａncoastalcｉtｙ.C)Whenｔａkingpiｃｔuｒｅsfｏｒaｃoncｅｒtcatａloguｅ．D)WhｅnｗｒiｔinｇabouｔBｅlｇiuｍ’scoａｓtａlｒegioｎs.7.A）TheｅntiｒeEuroｐｅaｎcｏastlｉnｅｗillbeｓuｂmerｇｅd.B）TheｒｉchheｒitageｏfＥuroｐeｗillbelｏstｃomｐletｅly．Ｃ)TｈeseawaｔeroｆＥuropewｉｌlbesｅｒiouslypｏｌlｕｔｅd.D)TｈｅmajorEｕroｐｅansｃｅnicｓｐotswｉlldisappeａr.8．A)Iｔswａt(yī)eｒｗaｙsareｂｅｉngiｎcｒeasｉngｌypolluted．B)Pｅoplecannoｔｇeｔaroundｗithoｕtusｉngｂoatｓ.C)Itａt(yī)ｔractslargenｕmbｅrｓoftｏuriｓtsfｒomhomｅaｎdabroaｄ．Ｄ）Touristsusewｏｏｄenｐaｔhsｔｏreachthｅirhｏｔelsinｔhemorniｎg.SeｃtioｎＢDirectiｏnｓ：Ｉｎthissectｉon,youwｉｌlｈeartwoｐassaｇes.Ａttheｅndoｆeachｐasｓage，yｏｕwｉllheａｒthreeoｒｆourquesｔiｏｎs．Bｏｔhtheｐａｓsａｇｅanｄthｅqueｓtiｏnｓｗiｌlbeｓpokenoｎlyoncｅ.Afteryouhｅaｒaquestｉoｎ,yｏumustｃhooｓeｔhｅbｅsｔaｎswerfｒｏmtｈｅfｏurｃhoicesmaｒkedA),B),C)andD）.ThenmarkthｅcoｒrｅｓpondinglettｅｒｏnAnsｗerSheet1ｗｉtｈasinｇlelineｔhroｕｇhtｈecentre.Questｉons9to12ａrebasedontｈepassagｅyoｕhaveｊｕｓｔhｅaｒd．9.A)Tｈeymakｅcarefulｐrepaｒationbeｆｏrｅhand．B)Thｅyｔaketoomanyiｒrｅlevaｎｔfactorsｉntoacｃｏｕnｔ．C）Theysｐenｄtoｏｍuchtｉmeantiｃｉpatｉnｇｔｈｅirdｅfeaｔ.D)Tｈeｙｔryhaｒdｔoａvoidｇettingoffoｎthewｒｏnｇfooｔ.１０．A）Apeｒｓon’snerｖousｓystemｉｓｍorｅcoｍplｉｃatedthanｉｍａgｉned.B)Ｇoｌfersuｓuａlｌyhavepositivemｅntaｌimagesofｔhemseｌveｓ.C)Mentaｌimagesｏfteｎinｔeｒfeｒewithathleteｓ’pｅrfｏrmaｎce.D)Thｉｎｋｉnghasthｅsameeffectｏｎtｈeneｒvoussysｔemａsdoing.11.A)Anｔicipatepossibｌeproｂlｅms.B)Mａｋeaｌistofｄo’saｎddｏn’tｓ．C）Pictｕｒeｔｈemselvｅssucｃeeding.Ｄ)Trｙｔoappｅarmorepｒoｆｅssiｏnal.12.A)Shewｏreadesignerdｒｅｓs．B)Shewonhｅrｆirstjuｒytrial．C)Shediｄnｏｔspeaｋloudｅnouｇh.D)Sheｐreｓentedｍoｖingpiｃtuｒes．Queｓtｉoｎｓ13ｔｏ１5aｒebaｓedｏntｈepaｓｓagｅyouｈavejustｈeard.13.A）Ｉtｓlｏng-termｅffectｓａｒeｙetｔobeproｖｅd.B）Itshｅaｌthｂeneｆｉｔsｈavｅbeeｎｏverｅstiｍated.C)Ｉtｈeｌpｓpeopletoａvoiddeｖｅloｐingｂreａstｃanceｒ．D)Ｉtenablｅspatiｅｎtswithｄiabeｔestｏrecoversoｏneｒ.14．A)Iｔfocusedoｎthｅｉrwayｓoｆlifedｕrｉngyｏungaduｌthoｏd.B)Ittｒacｋedtｈeｉrchanｇeinfoｏｄpｒefｅrｅncesfor20ｙears．C)Iｔfoｃuseｄoｎtｈeirdiffeｒenｃefrommeninfiberinｔake.Ｄ）Ittrackedtheiｒeａt(yī)inghaｂｉｔssiｎcetｈeiｒadｏlescenｃe.15.Ａ)Fiｂermayhelptoｒeduｃｅhormｏnesiｎthebｏdy.Ｂ）Ｆｉｂermaｙｂｒiｎgｍｏrebenefｉtstowｏmeｎｔhanmen.C)Fibｅrｍａyimproｖeｔheｆunctiｏnofheartｍuscｌes.Ｄ)Fibermaymakｅblooｄcirculaｔionmorｅｓｍooth.SｅｃtionCＤirｅｃtionｓ:Intｈｉｓsｅｃtiｏｎ，ｙouwilｌhearthreerecｏrdｉngsoｆｌｅcturｅsortalｋsfｏｌlｏwｅdbｙthreｅorfourｑuestioｎs.Therecｏｒdingｓwillbeplａyedoｎｌyoｎce.Afterｙoｕhｅaraquestioｎ,youmustcｈｏosetheｂeｓtaｎswerfromｔｈefoｕrchoicesｍarkedＡ),B),C)aｎdD).ThenmaｒｋtｈecorresｐondingletteronAｎsｗerSheet1wｉthasinｇlelinethroｕｇhthｅｃentre.Ｑuｅｓｔiｏns1６ｔo18arｅbasedonｔhｅrecordinｇyouhaveｊustheaｒd.16．A)Ｏbsｅrvingthecｈａｎgesiｎmａrketｉng.Ｂ)Condｕctingrｅseaｒchonconsｕｍerbehavior.C）Studyingｔhehazaｒdsofyoungpeｏｐｌedrinking．D)Invｅstigatiｎgｔｈeimpactofmediaoｎgｏvｅｒnment.17.Ａ)Itisthecａuｓeofｍａnysｔｒｅe(cuò)trｉotｓ.B）Iｔiｓgeｔtｉngworｓeyeaｒbｙｙear．C)Ｉｔisａchiefｃｏncernofpareｎts.D)Ｉtisanactｏfsociａlisｉｎg．１8.A)Theｙsｐeｎtaｗeｅkｓtudｙｉngtｈeirownpｕrchasｉnｇbeｈaｖior．B）Tｈｅyｒｅsearｃhｅdｔheiｍｐactofmｏbilepｈoｎｅｓonyoungpｅｏｐle.C)Theyａnalｙsｅｄｔheirｆamilybudgeｔsoverthｅyears.D）Ｔhｅyconｄucｔedaｔhorougｈreｓearchoｎａｄvｅrtisiｎg.Ｑｕesｔions1９ｔo22aｒeｂaｓedｏｎtｈｅrecｏｒdingyouｈaｖejuｓthｅａrｄ.１9.A)Itisｈｅlpiｎgitsｂankstoimproｖeeffｉｃiｅnｃｙ.B）Iｔiｓtryiｎghａrdtoｄoａwaywｉtｈdｉｒtyｍoneｙ.C)Itｉstheｆirｓtｃoｕntryｔoｕｓecreditcａrdsintｈewoｒlｄ.D）Iｔｉslｉｋelytogｉvｅupｐapｅrｍonｅyiｎthenearｆｕtuｒｅ．20.A)Ｗｈｅｔheｒitispossibleｔotｒavｅlwｉthoｕtｃａｒrｙｉnｇanyphysｉcａｌcurrency.B）Whetheriｔｉspｏssibletoｐｒedictｈowmuｃhｍoneyoｎeｉsgoinｇtospｅｎd.C)Whｅtherthｅａbsencｅofｐｈysicaｌcuｒrencyｃａusｅｓapersontｏspeｎdmore.Ｄ)Wheｔｈｅｒｔheabsenceofphysicalcｕｒrenｃyisgoｉｎｇtoａffｅcteverydaylｉfe.21.A）Thereｗasnｏfoodserｖiceｏnthetraｉn.Ｂ）Tｈesｅrｖiceｏnthetｒainwasnotgoｏd.C)Ｔherestauｒａｎtcａracceptedcashoｎly．D)Thｅｃashinｈerhandbagwasmisｓing.22.A)Ｂypｕtｔｉngｍoneｙiｎtoenveloｐeｓ.B）Bｙｄrawiｎｇmoｎeyweeｋbｙweek.Ｃ)Byｌimitingtheirday-ｔo-dayspeｎdinｇ.D)Ｂyｒｅfusinｇtobuyａｎythｉngoncrediｔ.Ｑuesｔions2３tｏ25ａrebａseｄontheｒecordinｇyouhａvｅjusthｅaｒd.2３.A）Pｏpuｌationｅｘp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ｓaremａinlyusｅdfoｒeｌectricｉtygenerａｔｉon,whereａsoilｉsuｓedmostlytopｏwertranｓportation,ｙetthepriｃｅsoｆalｌｔheｓeenｅｒgysoｕrcesａrｅlｉｎｋed.TｈeＮoｒｔhAmericａｎｓｈaｌｅgasbｏoｍhasrｅsultedinｒecordlｏwpｒicestheｒｅ．TｈｅrecentｄiscｏveryoｆthｅgiaｎtZohrgａsｆieldoffｔheEgyptianｃoaｓｔwilleｖenｔuａllｙhａvｅimpａcｔoｎpｒicｉngiｎtheMediｔerraｎeaｎregiｏnanｄＥｕｒope,andｔｈeｒｅiｓsignｉfiｃantｄevelopｍeｎtｐotentiａlinmanｙotｈerplacｅs,notａｂlyAｒgeｎtina.Cｏａｌpricｅｓａlsoareｌｏw,owingtoovｅr-suｐpｌyanｄｔhｅsｃalinｇ-dowｎｏfdｅmand,espeｃialｌyfroｍChina,ｗｈｉｃhbｕmshａlfｏftｈeworｌd’ｓcoal.[Ｆ]Technologiｃａlinnovａｔiｏｎｓhaｖｅuｎleａsheｄthepowerofrenｅwａbleｓsuchasｗind，hｙdｒo,solaｒ，ａndgｅothermal（地?zé)?.EvｅnＡfricaanｄｔheＭidｄleEast,hｏmetoeｃonoｍieｓthatａrｅheavilｙdｅｐｅndｅntoｎfｏｓsiｌfuｅlexports,hａｖｅe(cuò)normouspｏtentiaｌtｏdeveｌoprenewａblｅs．Ｆorｅｘａmple,theUnitedAraｂＥmｉrateshａsendｏrｓedaｎambitiouｓtarｇｅttｏdraw24%oｆｉｔsｐrｉmaｒyｅnergycｏnsumｐtiｏｎfroｍｒeｎｅwabｌesourcesｂy2023.［G]Ｐroｇrｅsｓintｈedeｖelopmenｔofｒｅnｅwablescouldbefraｇiｌe，however，ifｆｏｓsilfuｅlpｒicｅsrｅｍainlｏwforｌong.Rｅneｗaｂlesacｃoｕnｔforonlyａｓｍaｌlsharｅofglobalｐriｍａryeneｒgycｏnsｕmption,wｈichisstilldominatedbyfｏssｉlｆuｅls—3０%ｅachfoｒcoalaｎdoｉl，25%forｎatuｒalgａs.Buｔrenewablｅe(cuò)nergywillhavetodiｓpｌacefoｓsilｆuｅlstoamuchgｒｅaterｅxteｎtiｎｔｈefuｔurｅｔoavoiduｎaccepｔａbleclimaｔｅｒisｋｓ.［Ｈ]Unｆｏrtuｎatｅｌｙ,theｃurrentloｗpricesｆoroil,gas,andcoalmayproviｄｅlｉtｔlｅiｎcｅntiveforrｅsearchtｏfindｅvenchｅａpeｒsubstiｔuｔesforthosefuels．Thereｉsｓtｒongevｉdｅncethatbｏthｉnnovatiｏnandａdoptioｎofcleaｎeｒtechnoｌogｙaresｔroｎglyencouｒaｇeｄbyｈｉｇherｆｏssｉｌfｕelpricｅs.Tｈesaｍeｉstrueｆｏrnewｔechｎolｏgｉｅsｆoｒallｅviatiｎgfoｓsilfueｌeｍissions.[Ｉ]Theｃurrentｌowｆoｓsilfueｌpｒiｃeｅnvirｏnmｅnｔｗilｌthusceｒtaiｎlydｅlaytheｅneｒgｙtｒansiｔionfromfoｓsiｌfｕｅｌｔoｃleanｅnerｇyｓoｕrcｅｓ.Unｌeｓｓｒｅnewabｌｅsbeｃomｅcｈｅａpenoughthatｓubstａntialcarbonｄeｐｏsitsａreleftundergroｕnｄforaveｒｙlongtimｅ，ｉfnｏtfｏｒｅver，tｈｅpｌanetwillｌikeｌybeexｐｏｓedｔopotentｉallycatastrophicｃｌimatｅriｓｋs．［J]Ｓoｍecｌimａt(yī)eimpaｃｔsmayalｒeadyｂｅdｉscｅrｎｉble.Ｆoｒeｘａmple,theＵnｉtedNationsCｈildreｎ’ｓＦundesｔimaｔｅsｔhａt(yī)soｍe11millionchildｒeninAfrｉcafａｃehuｎger,dｉsease,aｎdｗａt(yī)erｓｈortａgesaｓaｒeｓulｔofｔｈｅstrongｅstElNiｎo(厄爾尼諾）ｗeatherｐhenomenｏninｄeｃades．ManyscientistsｂelｉevethａｔＥlNinｏevｅnｔs,causedbywａrｍiｎｇinthePacific,ａｒebecomingmoｒeintenseasaresｕｌｔｏfｃlimａt(yī)ｅchanｇe.［Ｋ]ＮatiｏｎsｆroｍarouｎdｔhｅwoｒldhavｅｇatheredinPariｓｆorｔheUｎitedNaｔioｎｓClimateＣhanｇeＣonference，COP2１,wｉｔｈｔｈegoalofaunｉversａlａndpotenｔｉａllｙleｇally-binｄｉngaｇrｅe(cuò)mｅntoｎｒeducｉｎｇgrｅe(cuò)ｎhouｓｅgasｅmissｉoｎs.Wｅneｅdverｙbrｏadｐａｒticipationtoｆulｌyaｄｄrｅｓsthegｌobａltragｅdythatreｓｕｌtsｗｈenｃoｕntrieｓfａiｌtｏｔakeinｔoaｃｃounttheｎeｇatｉｖeimpａctofｔhｅircａrboneｍissｉonsonthｅrestoftheｗorld.Ｍoreｏver，ｎon-paｒｔiciｐａt(yī)ionbynatｉoｎｓ，ｉｆsufficieｎｔlｙwiｄeｓｐread,ｃａnunderminethepoｌｉticａlwillofpaｒｔiｃipaｔｉngcｏuntｒｉeｓｔoaｃｔ.［L]ＴｈｅnａｔｉｏnsｐａrtｉcｉpatinｇatCOP21aｒeｆocuｓiｎgonquantitａｔiveemissioｎs-reductｉoncommitｍenｔs.Economｉcreaｓoｎｉngshowｓthattｈeleａstexｐenｓivewaｙforeacｈcoｕnｔrｙiｓtopｕｔａpriceoncarboneｍissｉons．Thereaｓｏnisｔhatwhｅｎcarbｏniｓｐriｃeｄ,thoseemissioｎsreductionsthatareleastcｏstｌｙtoimpｌementwilｌhaｐｐenfirst.ＴheInteｒnａｔiｏnａlMｏｎetaryFundcalcuｌａt(yī)ｅｓtｈaｔcountriescaｎｇenerａt(yī)ｅsubstaｎｔｉalfｉscalrevenueｓbyeliｍinatinｇfosｓiｌfuｅlsubsiｄｉesandlｅｖyingcaｒbｏｎcｈａrｇestｈatcaｐtｕrethｅdomesticdａmａgecausedbｙemissｉons.Aｔａxonupstrｅaｍcaｒbonsｏｕrｃｅｓｉｓoｎｅe(cuò)aｓｙwａytoputaprｉceoncarboneｍissｉonｓ,althoughsｏｍecoｕｎtｒｉｅsmaｙwｉshtoｕseｏtherｍeｔhods,sｕchaｓemｉssionsｔraｄingscｈemes．Inｏrdertomaximizeｇlobalwelｆare,eｖｅrｙｃountry’scarbonpricinｇｓhouldｒｅｆlｅctnoｔonlyｔhｅpurelydomesticｄaｍagefrｏｍｅmisｓioｎs,butalｓotｈedａmaｇeｔofｏｒeｉgncoｕｎtriｅｓ.[M]Settingtherightcarbonpｒｉｃewilｌtｈeｒefoｒeeffｉｃｉentｌyaｌｉｇｎthecｏsｔspaidbｙcarｂonuserswiｔhｔhetrｕesociａlｏpｐｏrtunｉｔycoｓtｏfｕsiｎgｃarbon．Byraisｉngｒelativedｅｍandforclｅaneｎergysoｕrcｅｓ，acarbonpricｅｗouｌdaｌsoｈelpaｌigntheｍａrketreturntoclｅan-eneｒｇyｉｎnｏvationｗithitssｏciaｌreturn,sｐurrｉngtheｒeｆｉnｅmｅntｏfexiｓtｉngtｅｃhnoｌogiesａｎdtheｄevｅｌopmentoｆnｅｗones.Anｄitwｏuｌdraｉsｅtｈeｄemａｎdforｔechnologiessuchａｓcarｂoｎcａptuｒeandsｔoragｅ,spuｒriｎgtheｉｒfｕｒthｅrdeｖelopment.Ifnotｃoｒreｃtedbｙtｈeapproｐrｉatｅｃａrbonpriｃe，ｌowfoｓｓｉlｆueｌprｉｃesaｒｅnotaccｕratelysignalingtｏｍaｒketsｔｈetruｅsocialprｏfitａbiliｔyofｃlｅaｎeneｒgｙ.Whｉｌeaｌtｅｒnaｔiveestimａt(yī)ｅsoftheｄａｍaｇeｆｒomcaｒｂonemissｉonｓdiffｅr，ａｎdit’seｓｐeciaｌlyhardtorecｋoｎｔheｌｉkelycｏｓtｓoｆpossｉblｅcaｔastrophiｃｃlimaｔeeveｎｔs,mostestｉmaｔesｓuggｅstsｕbsｔａntialnegatｉｖeｅｆfecｔs.[N]Direｃtsｕｂsｉdiesｔoresearcｈａnddｅvelｏｐｍenthaveｂeｅnａdoｐtedbysomegｏverｎmenｔsbutareapoorsubsｔitutｅfｏracａrboｎprice:theｙｄooｎlyｐartoftｈeｊob,lｅavinginｐlacｅmａｒｋｅtincentivestooｖer-ｕsefoｓｓilfueｌsaｎdtherebyaddtoｔhestｏｃkofatmｏsphｅricgreenhoｕseｇａseｓwitｈｏｕtregaｒｄtotｈecoｌｌatｅｒal(附帶的)cｏstｓ．［O]TheｈopeｉsthatthesｕccｅssofCOＰ21opｅｎstｈedooｒtofuturｅinterｎaｔiｏnａlagreementoncａrbｏｎpricｅs.Agreemｅntｏｎaniｎtｅrnａｔionalcarbｏｎ-pricｅｆｌoｏrwouldbeａgoodｓｔａrtingｐｏintｉntｈatprocess.Fａilureｔoａddｒesscomprｅhensｉｖelytｈeprobｌemoｆgｒeeｎｈoｕｓeｇasemissｉons,howｅｖer，expoｓesaｌｌgeneraｔｉons,prｅseｎtanｄfuturｅ,toiｎｃａlculablerｉskｓ．36.Aｎumberoffaｃtｏｒｓaｒedriｖingdｏwntheglobａloilpricesnotjuｓtfornoｗbｕｔｉntｈｅfoｒeseeaｂlefutｕrｅ．３7.Pricingcａrboｎproｖeｓthemostｅcoｎoｍiｃalwaｙｔorｅdｕｃegreenhoｕsegａsｅmissiｏｎｓ.3８.Ｉｔisｅｓtimatedthaｔextremｅwｅatｈeｒcoｎｄitiｏnshａｖｅe(cuò)ndangereｄtheliｖesoｆmｉlliｏnsoｆAfricanｃhｉldren.39.Ｔｈepriｃｅsｏfcoalａrｅｌoｗaｓaresｕltofoveｒ-supｐlyaｎdｄｅcｒeａsingｄemand．4０.Hｉｇheｒfossilfｕｅlpｒicesprｏveｔｏbeｃｏｎdｕcivetoｉnnｏvａt(yī)iｏnandａｐplicａｔｉonofclｅaneｒｔｅchnologｙ.4１.Iffossilfｕeｌpricesrｅｍaｉnlｏｗfｏraｌongtiｍe,itmaｙlｅａdtohigheｒemｉssｉonsoｆgｒeenhoｕsｅgases.4２.Fｏssilfuelsｒemaintｈemaｊorsouｒceofprimａryeｎｅrgｙconｓｕｍpｔioｎｉntｏday’ｓworlｄ．43．Eveｎmajorfossｉleｘｐｏrtｉngcouｎtriｅshavegreatpｏtｅntialtｏｄeveloprenewableenergｉes．４４.Gｒeenhousegaｓeｍissｉons,ifnotprｏpeｒlydealｔwiｔh，wiｌlｐoseendlessrｉsksformankind.45．Iｔｉsurｇenｔfｏｒｇoveｒnｍentstｏincreaｓｅthecｏstofuｓｉngfosｓiｌｆuelstoaｎａppropriateleveltolesｓenthecａt(yī)ａｓtｒoｐhiceffectsofclimatecｈaｎge.SecｔｉonＣDirectｉons:Ｔhｅrｅarｅ2pasｓagesｉnthiｓseｃｔiｏn．Eachｐａsｓageｉsfoｌlｏwedbysomequestioｎｓorunfｉｎishedstａt(yī)ements.ForｅacｈofthｅmtheｒeａreｆourchoicｅsmａｒkedA),B),C)andD）．YｏuｓhouｌdｄecideontｈebestｃｈoiceandmａrktｈｅcorrｅspｏndinglｅtteｒoｎＡnsｗeｒSheｅt2ｗｉtｈａsiｎｇｌｅｌinethrｏuｇhｔｈecentre.ＰaｓsaｇeOneＱuestiｏns４6to50arebasedonthefollｏwingpassaｇe．Ｏpendaｔasharersａrｅstillｉntheminorityinｍanyfieｌdｓ.Althoughmanyreseａrchｅrsｂroaｄlyagrｅｅtｈatpubｌiｃaｃceｓstorawdatawoｕｌｄacｃeleratesciｅncｅ,mostarｅｒelｕctaｎttoｐosttherｅsｕlｔｓoftｈeirownlａｂorsｏnliｎe．Soｍecomｍunitieshaveagrｅe(cuò)dtoshaｒeｏnlｉne—geneｔiciｓts,foｒｅxaｍplｅ,postＤＮAｓequｅnceｓattheGenBankrｅposiｔory(庫(kù)),andａstｒonｏmｅｒsareaccusｔoｍedｔoacｃessiｎgｉmａgｅｓｏfgalａxiｅｓａndｓtaｒsfｒom,sａy，tｈｅSloanＤｉｇitａlSｋySurvｅy，atelesｃｏｐｅｔhathasobseｒveｄsome5０0millｉonoｂｊｅcts---ｂutｔhesｅremaintｈｅe(cuò)xcepｔion,ｎotｔhｅruｌｅ．Historicalｌy，scientiｓｔshａveｏbｊecｔedtosｈaｒingforｍaｎyreａsonｓ:iｔisaｌotofwork；untilrecｅｎｔly,gooｄｄａt(yī)ａbaseｓｄidnotexist;grａntfunderswｅrｅnotｐuｓｈingｆorsharｉng;itｈasｂeendifficulｔtoagrｅe(cuò)onstanｄaｒdsfｏrforｍａt(yī)tｉｎgｄata;andthereisnｏagｒｅｅdwayｔoaｓｓigｎcreｄitｆordata.Ｂuttｈｅｂarrieｒsaredisappearｉng，inpaｒtｂecausｅjourｎalsａnｄfundｉngａgenｃiesworldwidｅａrｅe(cuò)ncoｕraｇinｇscieｎtｉｓtstomａketｈｅｉrdaｔaｐubｌic.Lａstyeａr,theRoyalSｏｃieｔyinLondonsaidiｎｉtｓrｅpｏrttｈａｔsｃiｅntistsｎeeｄto“shｉfｔawayｆromaｒesｅａrchcｕlturewhｅredａt(yī)aisvｉewｅdａsaprivaｔeprｅservｅ”.Funｄingagenciesnoｔｅthａt(yī)datapaidｆｏrwithpuｂlｉcmoneysｈouldbeｐubliciｎfｏrｍａt(yī)ｉoｎ，ａｎdtheｓcieｎtｉｆｉccommｕｎityisrecoｇniｚingｔhatdatacaｎnowbesｈareddigiｔallyiｎwaｙsthaｔwereｎotpossiblebefore.Tomａt(yī)chtｈegrowiｎgｄemand，ｓｅｒｖiｃesaｒｅsｐringｉｎguptoｍakeｉｔeasiertoｐｕblｉshreseaｒchｐｒoducｔsonｌineａndenableotherreseaｒcherstodiscoveｒandcitetｈem.Aｌthoughｃallｓtｏsｈaredａt(yī)aoftｅnconcｅｎtrａt(yī)ｅonｔhemorａｌadvantagesofsharing,thｅpracticeｉsnotpurｅlｙaｌｔruistic(利他的).Reseａｒｃheｒsｗhｏsｈaｒegetpｌenｔｙofpeｒsonａｌbenefｉts,incｌudｉngmorｅconneｃｔｉonswiｔｈcolleagues，ｉmｐrovedvｉsibｉliｔyａnｄｉncreasedcｉtａt(yī)ｉoｎs.Ｔheｍostsuｃcessfuｌshaｒerｓ一ｔhosｅwhosedａt(yī)aaredowｎｌoａｄedandciｔedtｈemostofteｎ---getｎoticed,aｎdtｈeirworkｇeｔsusｅｄ.Fｏrexａmｐle,oneofｔhｅmｏstpopulardatasｅｔｓｏｎmultidｉsciｐliｎaｒyｒeposｉtoryDryａdisabｏutｗoodｄensitｙａrｏuｎｄthｅwoｒld；iｔhａsbeendoｗnｌoadｅd5,700tｉmes．Cｏ－ａuthoｒAmyZannｅtｈiｎksthaｔｕｓersｐrobabｌyrangefromcｌimate-ｃhanｇｅrｅsｅarcherswａntｉngtoestimatehowmuｃｈcarｂonｉsｓtｏｒedｉnbiomａss,toforestersｌｏｏkｉｎgfｏriｎfoｒｍatioｎondｉfｆerentgrａｄesｏftimbeｒ．“Ｉ’ｄmuchｐrefertohaｖemyｄatａｕsｅdｂytｈeｍaxｉmumnｕmberofpeｏpｌｅtoasktheiｒｏwnｑuesｔioｎs,”ｓｈesａyｓ．“It’sｉmｐoｒtanｔｔｏalloｗreａdersａndｒeｖieｗｅrsｔoseｅe(cuò)xaｃtlｙｈowyouａｒｒiveatｙourreｓｕｌtｓ.Pｕblｉshｉｎｇｄａt(yī)aandcoｄealloｗsｙoｕrｓcｉencｅｔｏbｅrｅprｏｄucible.”Evenpeopleｗhosedaｔaarelｅsｓpopｕlaｒｃａnbenｅfit．Bymaｋingtheｅffortｔｏoｒganizｅanｄlabelfilessooｔhｅrｓcanｕｎdｅrｓｔaｎdtheｍ,ｓｃiｅntisｔsbecomemｏｒeorgaｎizedandbettｅｒdisｃｉｐlineｄthemseｌｖes，tｈusavoｉｄiｎｇconfusionlatｅron.46.Whatdomaｎyreｓearｃhersgeｎerallyaccept?Ａ)Itisimｐｅratiｖetopｒoteｃtsciｅnｔists’pａt(yī)ents．Ｂ)Repositorieｓarｅe(cuò)ｓsｅｎtiaｌtosciｅntiｆicrｅｓeａrch.Ｃ)Opｅndaｔasharingｉsｍoｓｔimｐoｒtanttomｅｄicaｌscience.D)Ｏpenｄatａｓhａringisconducivｅｔoscｉentificaｄvanceｍent.47.Wｈatiｓtｈeattｉｔudeｏfｍｏstreseａrchｅrsｔｏwardsmakingtheiｒowndatapublic?A）Opposed．Ｂ）Ambigｕous．C）Libｅral.D）Nｅｕｔrａl.48.Aｃcorｄｉngtothepasｓage，wｈatmiｇhthinderoｐendatasharｉng?A)Thefeaｒofmaｓsivecopｙing.B）Thelａcｋofａｒeｓｅａrｃhcuｌture．C)Tｈebeliefthatrｅｓeａrchdaｔａisｐrｉvateｉｎｔellｅｃtualproperty.D)Thecoｎｃerｎthａｔｃeｒtainagencieｓmａymａkｅaproｆitｏuｔofit.49.Whathelpslｉftsoｍeoftｈebarriersｔoｏｐendatａsｈarｉng?Ａ)Ｔheｅvｅr-gｒowingｄｅmaｎdfｏrbigdata．B)Ｔheadｖａｎcementofｄｉgitａltechnolｏgy.C）Thechangｉngaｔtｉtuｄeofjournalｓａnｄfuｎders.D)Ｔｈetｒｅndoｆsｏｃialandecｏnｏｍiｃｄeveloｐmｅｎt.50.Dｒｙａdservesaｓaｎexａmpletoshoｗhoｗopendaｔashaｒing＿_(dá)_＿＿＿_(dá)_.Ａ)isｂｅｃｏmiｎgiｎｃreａsinｇlypopuｌarB)ｂenefitsshａreｒsanduseｒsａlikeＣ）ｍakｅsresearchersｓucｃesｓfulD)ｓavｅsbｏthｍoneyandlabｏrPａssａgｅTwoQueｓｔiｏnｓ51tｏ55ａｒebaｓeｄｏnthefollowingpａssage.Maｃy’sｒepｏｒtｅｄｉtｓｓａlesplunged5.2%iｎNoｖemｂeｒandDecemｂerａｔsｔoresopenｍoｒethａnａyeaｒ,adｉｓappoｉntingｈｏｌidaｙseasoｎpｅrfoｒmanceｔhaｔcappｅdadiｆficultyearforadepartmentｓtorechainfacingｗｉde－rangｉｎgｃhalleｎges.ＩtsｆｌaｇｓhipstorｅsｉｎmajorU.S.cｉtiesdｅｐｅｎdheaｖilyoninｔｅrｎａt(yī)ionａltｏｕrｉｓtspenｄinｇ,whichsｈrankａt(yī)mａnyreｔaiｌersｄuｅtoasｔrongdｏｌｌａｒ.Meaｎwhiｌｅ,Ｍacy’shaｓｓimｐｌystruggleｄtoluｒeｃonsumersｗｈoａreｍoreinteｒeｓtedinsｐendingontraｖelｏrdiniｎgoｕttｈａnｏnnｅwclotｈesｏraｃｃｅssories.ThecompanyblameｄmuchoｆｔｈepooｒperｆｏrmａnceiｎNｏvembｅｒandDecembｅｒonunseａｓｏnablywａｒｍｗｅather.“About８０%ｏｆourｃompａｎy’syear-oveｒ-yeardeclｉnesincoｍpaｒａblｅsaｌｅscanｂeattribｕｔedtｏsｈorｔfａｌls(短缺)ｉｎcold-ｗeａt(yī)hｅrgｏｏds,”saiｄｃｈiefｅxecｕｔiveＴenｙＬuｎｄgreninａprｅsｓreleaｓｅ．Ｔhｉspｒompｔedｔhecompaｎytoｃutｉｔsforeｃａstsforthefullｆourtｈqｕａrｔer.Hｏwevｅｒ,ｉｔ’scleartｈaｔMacy’ｓbelievesitstｒｏublesrundeeperthanaｔempoｒarｙaberｒａt(yī)ioｎ(偏離)offtｈethｅrmoｍｅｔｅr.Ｔheretailｇiantｓaｉｄｔhepｏorｆinancｉａｌｐerfｏrｍaｎｃethisyearｈａｓpuｓhedittobｅginimｐlｅmenｔing$400ｍillionｉｎcost-cｕttingmeasｕrｅs.Tｈecompanypledgedtｏcuｔ６0０back-offｉｃeposｉtｉoｎs,thougｈｓome150workｅｒsｉnthosｅroｌeswouldbereaｓｓｉgｎeｄｔｏothｅｒｊobs．Iｔalsoplaｎstｏｏｆｆer“voluｎｔaｒｙseｐａrａt(yī)ion”ｐackageｓｔｏ1６5sｅnｉｏrexeｃuｔiｖes.Itwｉｌlslasｈｓtaｆfｉngatitsfleｅｔoｆ7７0stｏres，ａmoｖeａfｆｅctｉngsome3,0００emｐloyｅｅｓ.Tｈｅｒetailerａｌｓoaｎnouncedthｅlｏｃａt(yī)ionsof36stoｒesiｔwillclosｅinｅａrly2023.Thｅcompanyhadpreｖiouslyａｎｎounceｄtheplaｎnｅｄclｏｓures,buthadnoｔｓａｉdwhｉchlocａt(yī)iｏnswouldｂeaｆfeｃｔeｄ.Nｏneｏftｈeｃhaｉn’sｓtoｒeｓiｎtｈeWａshｉngtoｎmetｒopolitanａrｅaａretobeclｏsed．Ｍacy’sｈａsｂeenmovinｇａgｇressｉvelytoｔrytoremakeitseｌfforaｎeweraofshｏｐｐｉnｇ.IthasｐｌaｎｓｔoopeｎmorelｏｃatｉonsｏfＭacy’ｓＢａｃksｔａｇｅ，aneｗly-ｄｅvｅlopｅdoｆｆ-prｉceｃonｃeptwhiｃhmiｇhｔhelpitbettｅｒcompeｔeｗithamｂitiｏｕｓT.J.Maxx.Iｔ’saｌｓopｕshingahｅadin20２3wｉｔhanexｐａnsｉoｎoｆBｌuemeｒcury，ｔhｅｂeautycｈａinitbougｈtｌastyｅar.AtatimewhenyｏuｎgｂeauｔysｈopｐersareofteｎｔuｒniｎgｔｏSｅphoraorUｌtaｉnsｔeadofdｅｐartmｅnｔｓtoｒebeauｔycoｕnters,Macy’shｏpesＢｌuemercurywiｌｌｈelpsｔｒｅｎｇtｈeｎitspｏsitioninthecateｇory.OｎerｅｌaｔiveｂrigｈｔspotfｏrMaｃy’sdurｉngtｈｅholidａｙsｅasｏｎｗasｔheonｌinechannel,whereiｔrangup“dｏuble-ｄigit”increａｓesiｎsaleｓaｎda2５%iｎｃreａseiｎtheｎumbeｒofordｅｒsｉtfiｌled．Thatrｅｌativestｒｅｎgthｗouldｂecoｎｓisｔｅnｔｗitｈwhａt(yī)wasseeninthewiｌdｅrreｔａilindustryｄuriｎgｔhｅe(cuò)ａｒlｙparｔoｆtheholiｄａｙｓeａsｏn．ＷhｉleThankｓgｉving,BlackＦridaｙanｄCybeｒMoｎdaｙallｓａwｒecordsｐｅｎdｉngoｎlinｅ，ｉn－ｓｔoｒesａlｅsplｕngeｄoverthehoｌidａyｗeekend.51.Ｗhａｔdｏestｈｅaｕthｏrsayaboｕttheshrinｋingspendｉngofｉntｅｒｎａt(yī)ioｎalｔｏｕristｓｉntheU.S.?A)IｔisattribuｔablｅｔotｈeｒisinｇvalueofthｅU.Ｓ.doｌlaｒ.B)Itisaｄｉrectresultofｔhｅgｌｏbalｅconoｍicreｃessｉｏn.C）Itreflｅｃtsａsｈｉftofthｅiriｎteｒestinconsｕmeｒｇoods.D)ＩtpｏsｅsapotｅｎtiａlｔhrｅattoｔhｅrｅtailｂuｓinｅssｉｎtｈｅU.S．52.ＷhatdoesMacy’sbelieveabｏutiｔsproｂlems?A）Theycanbｅsｏlvedwithｂettermanagemenｔ.B)Thｅycanｎotｂeattriｂｕtｅdtｏweathｅronly.C)Ｔheyａreｎotaｓsｅｒiouｓiｎitsonlinestoｒｅs.Ｄ）Tｈeyｃａllforｉncｒeａｓediｎｖesｔmenｔｓ．５3.Ｉnordertocutcosｔｓ,Maｃｙ’sdecidedｔo_＿＿＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)．A）ｃutthｅsａlarｙｏfsｅｎiｏrexecuｔivesB)ｒeloｃatesomeｏｆitschainsｔoreｓC)ａdjｕsｔｉtsｐｒoｍｏtioｎstrａt(yī)egieｓD)reduｃetｈesｉzｅofitssｔaff5４.WhydoesMacｙ’spｌａntoexpａndBluemerｃuryin２０２3？A)Tｏeｘperiｍｅntoniｔsｎewｂusiｎｅssconcepｔ.B)Tｏfoｃusmoreoｎbeautｙpｒｏducｔｓthａnclothing.C)Ｔｏpｒomotｅsalｅsofiｔsproduｃtsbylowｅｒｉngpriｃes.Ｄ）Tobemorecompｅtｉtｉveinsaｌesｏfｂｅａutyｐｒoducts．5５.WhatcａnwelearｎaboutMaｃy’sｄuｒｉngthehｏliｄayseａson?A)Salesdropｐedsｈarpｌyiｎiｔｓpｈysｉｃalstoreｓ.Ｂ)ItsretailsaleｓexceededthoｓeｏfT.J.Maxｘ．C)IthelpｅdBlｕｅｍercuryestａbliｓhｉtspositionｗｏrｌdwide.D)Ｉtfillediｔｓstoreswithaｂundａntsupplyofmercｈａｎｄｉｓｅ．PartIVTraｎsｌation(３０mｉｎutes)Dｉrectioｎｓ：Ｆｏrthｉspａrt，yｏuarｅallowｅd30mｉｎutｅstoｔransｌateapassａgefrｏmChineseint